John Deere Engine Pollution Prevention
description
Transcript of John Deere Engine Pollution Prevention
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John Deere Engine Pollution Prevention
Patrick Hosty
Robert Weathers
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Diesel Emissions
Products of Combustion
Oxygen
Water Vapor
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrogen75.5%
10%
8%
6%
Regulated Emissions< 0.5%
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Off-road Emissions Regulations: 20<100 hp
Off-road Tier 3 implemented 2006 - 2008 EPA Tier 4 regulation likely for 2011-2012
Tier 1: 1996-2001 Tier 2: 2001-2004 Tier 3: 2006-2008 Tier 4: 2011-2012
NOx + HC (g/kWh)
20 < 100 hp
.0
.2
.4
.6
.8
0 2 4 6 8
.0
.2
.4
.6
.8
0 2 4 6 8
.0
.2
.4
.6
.8
0 2 4 6 8
.0
.2
.4
.6
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0 2 4 6 8
-40%
Parti
cula
tes
(g/k
Wh)
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4
Tier reductions
NOx+NMCHg/KWhr
PM, g/KWhr
Tier 1 2000 9.5 0.8
Tier 2 2005 7.5 -21% 0.8 even
Tier 4 2008 7.5 even 0.4 -50%
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Tier 2 Technologies
NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen) - g/kW hr
PM &
Fue
l Con
sum
ptio
n - g
/ kW
hr
Reducing NOx:• Combustion development• Reduce charge air temperature• Retard timing
Reducing Pm:• Optimized fuel air mixture• Increase injection pressure
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Tier 2 Engine and Vehicle Changes
Tier 2 Engine Changes Higher pressure fuel injection system Electronic control of fuel delivery and timing Air system changes
Tier 2 Vehicle Changes Charge air cooling on more applications Redesigned cooling packages on some applications Electronic interface to engine on most applications Fuel coolers some applications
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Tier 2 Compliance: Impact on Vehicles
Machine power, torque, transient response, cold start, productivity will equal or exceed Tier 1
Reliability and durability will be equal to Tier 1 Total operating cost comparable to Tier 1
(application dependent) Cleaner Tier 2 vehicles should demand
higher resale value
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Tier 2Impact on End User
Engine changes to fuel injection system, air system
Minor changes to vehicles Vehicle performance,
reliability, total operating cost comparable to Tier 1
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Tier 3 Technologies
NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen) - g/kW hr
PM &
Fue
l Con
sum
ptio
n - g
/ kW
hr
Reducing NOx:• Combustion development• Reduce charge air temperature• Retard Timing• Exhaust Gas Re-circulation
Reducing Pm:• Optimized fuel air mixture• Increase injection pressure• Post Injection• Oxidation Catalyst
A Tradeoff:Fuel Consumption / Heat Rejection vs.
Emissions Compliance
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Tier 3 Engine and Vehicle Changes
Tier 3 engine changes Exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR) Variable geometry turbocharger 4 valves per cylinder (>100HP) Advanced electronic controls High-pressure fuel systems Impermeable gas lines
Tier 3 vehicle changes Charge air cooling on most applications Larger radiators, fuel tanks, air cleaners, mufflers, etc. Improved air flow management and fan systems Vehicle changes to accommodate cooling needs
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Tier 3 Compliance: Impact on Vehicles
Machine power, torque, transient response, cold start, productivity will equal or exceed Tier 2
Reliability and durability will be equal to Tier 2 Total operating costs may increase
Fuel consumption ~5% greater than Tier 2 (application dependent)
Deere’s objective is no fuel consumption increase Packaging will meet customer expectations for visibility and
machine operation Cleaner Tier 3 vehicles should demand higher
resale value
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Tier 3 Impact on End User
Significant engine changes EGR, VG turbocharger, etc.
Significant vehicle changes to accommodate additional cooling needs
Performance and reliability comparable with Tier 2 vehicles
Total operating costs may increase due to increased fuel consumption
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Current Ozone Regulations
Current Ozone Standard Future Ozone Standard
Future standards likely implemented 2003-2005
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Emission Reference Info
EPA Emissions & Retrofit Information http://www.epa.gov/otaq/retrofit/ EPA Certification Information http://www.epa.gov/oms/certdata.htm Texas http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/oprd/sips/terp.html California http://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/dieselrrp.htm Dieselnet http://www.dieselnet.com/standards.html
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Oil Improvements
Higher Fire Temps/ Pressures in engines (after 1990) Prevent forming of carbon deposits, sludge and soot Different additives for less deposits Different viscosities-15w40 vs 0w40 2.7% in fuel
savings. (3.78 gal/mo/machine)
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What is in the future?
Catalytic converters? Reduce Phosphorus in combustion Low Sulfur Diesel fuel New standard of oils (new additives)
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John Deere Portable Power Equipment
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2 Cycle Technology
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New 2 Cycle Technology
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Questions?