Job Hazard AnalysisJob Hazard Analysis This material was produced under grant SH-29634-SH6 from the...
Transcript of Job Hazard AnalysisJob Hazard Analysis This material was produced under grant SH-29634-SH6 from the...
Job Hazard Analysis
This material was produced under grant SH-29634-SH6 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
US Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Labor, nor does
mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US government.
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• Defining Job Hazard Analysis
• Choosing Jobs to Analyze
• JHA Process: Job Steps and Hazards
• Write It Up
• Classroom Exercise
• Employee Rights Under OSHA
2
Learning Objectives
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• JHA - figuring out
job hazards
BEFORE the job
begins
• Sometimes called
Job Safety
Analysis/JSA
3
Job Hazard Analysis/JHA
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a) Expect Problems: ~Identify hazards before they occur.
b) Explore Process: ~HOW does job gets done?
c) Understand Relationships: ~ between workers, tasks, tools, and environment.
d) Control Hazards: ~What steps do you need to take to work safely?
From Job Hazard Analysis, US Department of Labor, OSHA 3071, 2002 revised 4
Job Hazard Analysis
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1. Choose a job to analyze
2. Break it down into steps
3. Identify hazards of each step
4. Find ways to make each step safer
5. Write it up & make sure it works
Review & Revise as Necessary!5
Job Hazard Analysis –
How we DO it:
Step 1
Step 2Step 3
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1. Choose Which Job To Analyze
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Look at:
• Jobs where injuries or illnesses happened
• Jobs that could cause injury even if no one was hurt in the past
• Jobs where one simple error could lead to accident or injury
• Jobs where the hazards are not yet understood
• New jobs or processes 7
JHA Focus:
Choose jobs where people could get
sick or injured due to job hazards
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Hazardous Jobs……
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JHA: Choose Jobs With
Near Misses or Close Calls
Near Miss or Close Call:
• Events where something dangerous
ALMOST happened
• Someone ALMOST got hurt
• Someone COULD HAVE gotten
hurt9D1199C Training Fund HWWH SH29634-SH6
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Look at jobs where injury is likely if no
safety controls/PPE are in place
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Analyze Hazardous Jobs First
“High Risk”
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Risk = Severity X ProbabilitySEVERITY:
How badly could someone get hurt doing this work?
PROBABILITY:
How likely is this to happen?12
What Makes a Job
High Risk ???
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Severity
Ranking Hazardous Jobs
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2. Break Job Down Into Steps
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Identify all the steps needed to get the job done
• Why is this job needed?
•How does it fit in to other tasks or jobs?
• Who does the work?
• Where does it happen?
• What happens first?
• Then what?
• And then what?
16
START BY OBSERVING:
Watch how the job gets done
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• Describe them without getting lost in little details
• Describe them without leaving out anything important
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Document all the job steps
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• TALK to people who actually do the work
• Get different perspectives
• Do people experience different hazards
because of how they do their job?
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Document all the job steps
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• What supplies & tools do
people use to do their job?
• Does each person perform
the job the same way?
• Does the PPE fully protect
workers from all hazards?
• Are their gaps in protection?19
ObserveNotice how her
arms are not
protected!
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• Are there written procedures about how to perform the job safely?
• Do they explain each step of the job?
• Do they match what you saw when you watched the work get done?
• Do they include all necessary safety precautions and warnings?
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Research & Review
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• HAVE all the workers doing this job been trained?
• If there are written procedures, are they used to train workers?
• When you watched the job get done, were those workers trained about how to work safely?
• Did people follow the written procedures when they did their job?
• Was their training complete and effective?
How could it be made safer? 21
Research & Review
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3. Identify Hazards in Each Step
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• Identify hazards
AS IF no one used
Personal Protective
Equipment/PPE
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• Identify Hazards
AS IF there were no safeguards in place
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•What do YOU think is the most
hazardous part of this job?
• Why?
• Who do you think is most at risk?
• When?
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ASK Workers &
ASK Supervisors
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• Are some STEPS more dangerous than others?
• Are some METHODS more dangerous than others?
• Are some WORKERS more at risk than others?
Start thinking about what kind of protection is needed to
keep people safe
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Explore Hazards of Each
Step
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• Has anyone ever gotten injured or gotten sick while doing this job?
• Or, right after?
•How many people has this happened to?
•How often?26
Explore Incidents & Accidents
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All employees have the right to see their
employer’s OSHA record of workplace
accidents and illnesses.27
Identify Hazards By Researching
Accident Reports: OSHA Form 300
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• Yearly Form 300 lists ‘recordable’ injuries & illnesses.
• Recordable means:
• Lost time because of incident
• Medical care was provided beyond first aid
• Incident resulted in restricted duty or job relocation
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OSHA Form
300
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• Read Labels and Safety Data Sheets/ SDS!
• Warnings & Hazard Information
• Health Effects & Target Organs
• Short-term and long-term effects of exposure
• How to know if you have been over-exposed
• First Aid & Emergency Response
• PPE
• Emergency contact info
• more29
Identify Chemical and Product Hazards
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Safety Data Sheets Identify
How Product Exposures
Cause Injury
INJECTION
ABSORPTION
• Airborne Hazards
• Splashes, droplets of infectious material
• Blood, secretions or bodily fluid
• Direct contact, from sick people
• Indirect contact, by touching surfaces that sick people have touched
• Needle-sticks or sharps exposures
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Identify Biohazards
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How can the task, job or environment cause injury?
• Struck by falling objects?
• Caught or crushed?
• Cut or amputation hazard?
• Trapped during fire?
• Workplace violence?
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Identify Physical Hazards
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• Shock, electrocution
• Exposed or damaged wires
• Lock Out/Tag Out: Being injured by
machinery starting up unexpectedly
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Identify Electrical Hazards
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• Falls
• Unguarded openings & edges
• Working at a steep angle
• Slippery conditions
• Uneven floors
• Trip hazards
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Identify Hazards of
Walking-Working Surfaces
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• Repetitive motion
• Frequent lifting
• Moving heavy things or people
• Awkward, uncomfortable motion
• Vibration
• Lack of movement – stuck in
one place (‘static position’)
• Constantly on feet, nowhere to sit
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Identify Ergonomic
Hazards
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Identify
Environmental
Hazards
• Temperature extremes• Animals or pests• Odors, dusts• Ventilation problems• Mold, Asbestos,
Toxins
• Poor lighting• Loud noises• Overcrowded or
Isolated location• Workplace violence• No communication• No fresh drinking water• Nowhere to use
restroom or wash hands
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4. Find Ways to Make Job Safer
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Find Ways to Make
Each Step Safer
• Which work methods are safest?
• Should we make changes to procedures, tools or supplies?
• What kind of PPE should be used?
• What kind of training should workers receive?38
• What tools and
equipment would make
this job safer?
• Can safer products be
used?
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Understand Hazard Controls
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REMOVEHazard
Use Safer Chemicals (Substitution)
Engineering ControlsVentilation, Guards,
Safety Devices
Administrative Controls & Safe Work Practices
Signs, tools, training, rules, policies, job rotation
Personal Protective Equipment (…wear gloves, use a respirator, goggles,
waterproof gowns, scrubs…)
PPE is the least effective
(though still necessary)
method of hazard control;
best used in combination
with administrative and
engineering controls.
“Hierarchy of Controls”
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• Change the product so there is no hazard
• Change the process so there is no hazard
…..Unfortunately, not always possible
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BEST Way to Make Job Safer:
Remove Hazard, or
Use Safer Product
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Control hazards at the source of danger, or at the “Point of Operation”
Examples of engineering controls:
• Machine guards
• Controlling needlesticks with sharps containers, tongs, and safety needles
• Controlling air contaminants by installing ventilation (HVAC) systems and air filters
• Controlling electrical hazards by using circuit breakers and grounded circuits 41
NEXT Best Way to Make the
Job Safer:
Engineering Controls
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FOCUS ON SAFETY:
• Standard Operating Procedures
• Enough staff to perform job safely
• Trainings & ‘in-service’ meetings
• Clear signs, labels and warnings
• Inspections & monitoring systems
• Time limits for hazardous duties
• Exposure limits for hazardous chemicals
• Alarms42
Administrative Controls
& Work Practices: Methods to Make Job Safer
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• Use them in COMBINATION with other hazard control methods!
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IMPORTANT
But Least Effective Way to
Make Job Safer:
Personal Protective Equipment/PPE
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Personal Protective Equipment
MUST:
• Protect you from the
job hazard
• FIT you
• Be reasonably
comfortable
• Be FREE
• Be available when &
where you need them
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Workers MUST BE
TRAINED on:• How to use PPE
• When to use PPE
• How to put it on and
take it off properly
• What PPE can and
cannot protect you from
• How to tell if it is not
working properly
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Use Hierarchy of Controls to Develop
Safety Recommendations
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Recommendations Should:
Address the hazards identified in each job step
Prioritize methods at the top of the Hierarchy of Controls
Mention supplies, equipment, tools, training, staffing, work flow, procedures and PPE
Be written up on a JHA form
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6. The JHA Form
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• JHA form documents:
• Job steps
• Safety hazards of each step
• Engineering Controls, Work Practices, Training and PPE
REVIEW the JHA a few months later and SEE IF IT REALLY WORKED
• Ask for feedback from the workers and supervisors
Make changes as necessary to make JHA
more effective 48
JHA Form Documents your
observations and concerns.
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Sequence of Job
Steps
Potential
Hazards
Safety Recommendations
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Job & Department: Date of JHA Original____
Revised____
Who did the work? Employees and Title Supervisor Name of JHA
Preparer:
Personal Protective Equipment Needed for Task Job Location: Reviewed by date:
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Look at the BIG PICTURE1. Break job down into steps
2. Hazards:
~ What hazards are there?
~ What do you observe?
3. Find ways to make the job safer
4. Write it up
5. Make sure it works50
Job Hazard Analysis Summary
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Classroom Exercise
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Classroom Exercise
•Break students into 2 – 4
groups
• Try to organize groups by
profession, if possible
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Exercise
• Have each group choose one task they are familiar with
• You will do a JSA/JHA for this task
• Tell instructor which task you choose
For Example:• Cleaning a room
• Collecting trash
• Repairing something
• Transporting
patients
• Bathing patients
• Checking vitals
• Wound care
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Exercise
• Break the task into
STEPS- Your
group should agree
on the steps chosen.
• Write them down on
flip chart
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Exercise• Brainstorm to
identify the hazards
of each step of the
job
• How can each
hazard be removed
or minimized?
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Exercise
INCLUDE:
•What PPE do
you need to
work safely?
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Exercise
INCLUDE:
• What job
precautions or
procedures do
you need to use
to stay safe?
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Exercise
INCLUDE:
• What tools and
supplies are you
using?
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Exercise
Fill out the JHA form with this information
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Job & Department: Date of JHA Original____
Revised____
Who did the work? Employees and Title Supervisor Name of JHA
Preparer:
Personal Protective Equipment Needed for Task Job Location: Reviewed by date:
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Each Group Prepares
a JHA for their task
• Choose two people to talk about the job and the hazards your groupidentified.
• They will present your recommendations and explain them
• Discuss what you learned
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Exercise
•Answer
questions
and share
comments
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GROUP PRESENTATIONS
Job Safety/ Job Hazard Analysis
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Questions & Comments?
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• Defining Job Hazard Analysis
• Choosing Jobs to Analyze
• JHA Process: Job Steps and Hazards
• Write It Up
• Classroom Exercise
• Employee Rights Under OSHA
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Learning Review
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Employee Rights
Under OSHA
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OSHA laws give workers the right to:
• Participate in safety and health activities
• Report work related injuries or illnesses
• Report safety violations
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OSHA Rights and Whistleblower
Protections
Employer cannot take action against
you for using your OSHA rights.
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• Firing or laying off
• Blacklisting
• Demoting
• Denying overtime or
promotion
• Denial of benefits
• Disciplining
• Failure to hire or rehire
• Intimidation
• Making threats
• Reassignment that hurts chances of promotion
• Reducing pay or hours
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NO
No ‘Adverse Actions’
for Safety Activities
Retaliation is against the law
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If you get in trouble for complaining about safety:
LET OSHA KNOW!
Whistleblower Time Line
OSHA LAW
Under Section 11(c) of the OSH Act,
employees are protected from retaliation
when they:
• file a safety complaint
• participate in a safety inspection.
TO BE PROTECTED
If employees experience retaliation, they
must file a complaint with OSHA within
30 days.
• If employees win their
complaint case, they could
be entitled to back pay and
compensation for damages
• If employees lose their
complaint case, they have
15 days to “appeal” the
decision.
• An appeal is a second
chance to win68D1199C Training Fund HWWH SH29634-SH6
1.E-mail, with ONLINE Forms
2.Telephone OSHA
3.Visit, and Talk to Them
4.Fax a Complaint
5.Mail a Letter
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FIVE Ways to Communicate with OSHA
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How to Contact OSHA
www.OSHA.gov
• US Department of Labor/OSHA
The Wanamaker Building
100 Penn Square East, 12th floor
Philadelphia, PA 19107
• Telephone: (215) 597-4955
• Fax: (215) 861-4904
• Call their toll-free number: 1-800-321-OSHA (6742)
• OSHA WILL KEEP YOUR INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL
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OSHA Website LinksOccupational Safety & Health Administration
• How to file a complaint with OSHA
http://www.osha.gov/as/opa/worker/complain.html
• Online Complaint form:
http://www.osha.gov/pls/osha7/eComplaintForm.html
• Download a form and mail or fax it to
them:
In English: http://www.osha.gov/oshforms/osha7.pdf
In Spanish:
http://www.osha.gov/oshforms/OSHA7_SPANISH.pdf
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Healthcare Occupational Safety Center
Health Workers Working Healthy
District 1199C Training & Upgrading Fund
100 South Broad Street, 10 Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19119
www.1199ctraining.org/safety
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For more information
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