João Catalão Out/2006 Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa 1 Mapping and monitoring...

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João Catalão Out/2006

Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa

Mapping and monitoring Mapping and monitoring earth dynamics from earth dynamics from aerial imagery and InSARaerial imagery and InSAR

João CatalãoJoão Catalão

LATTEX-IDL, University of LisbonLATTEX-IDL, University of Lisbon

109th Science Committee Meeting

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Faculty of Sciences – University of Lisbon

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LATTEX - IDL – Instituto D. Luis

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Research activities/objectivesResearch activities/objectives

Geoid, Gravity Field

Engineering projects (Cartographic production, photogrammetric applications)

Remote Sensing(Interferometry - InSAR)

Integration of multi-source geodetic data. This includes the integration of old geodetic measuring techniques, such as gravity and geoid, and also GPS, INSAR and satellite altimetry data assimilated into a dynamical mathematical model that reproduces the 4D position and velocity.

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Engineering projectsEngineering projects

1. Photogrammetric analysis of the coastal erosion in Algarve (Portugal). Géomorphologie, nº 2, pp. 119-126, 2002.

2. Mean cliff retreat rate tendencies for Forte Novo - Garrão (Algarve - Portugal)”. Thalassas, 19(2b), 210-211, 2003.

3. Airborne GPS / IMU integration for coastal studies in Ria Formosa.

4. Measurement and monitoring landslides and cliff instability from multitemporal aerial photos.

5. A video-based technique for mapping intertidal beach bathymetry.

(Engineering solutions for coastal dynamics studies)

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J. Catalão(1), C. Catita(1), J.M. Miranda(1), J. A. Dias(2)

(1) LATTEX, IDL, University of Lisbon(2) University of Algarve

Photogrammetric analysis of the Photogrammetric analysis of the coastal erosion in Algarve coastal erosion in Algarve

(Olhos de Água – Quarteira)(Olhos de Água – Quarteira)

Photogrammetric analysis of the coastal erosion in Algarve (Portugal)." Géomorphologie, nº 2, pp. 119-126, 2002.

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Evaluate the applicability of photogrammetric techniques to the monitoring of coastal erosion based on a long-term multi-temporal set of metric photos, running from 1938 to 1995.

ObjectiveObjective

The study area corresponds to a segment of the Algarve coast between Olhos de Água beach and Quarteira river. Due to the irregularity of the erosion processes near the natural water lines, we selected two study zones.

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Study Area - 1938 photo

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Study Area - 1996 photo

Vilamoura Marine

Falésia Beach

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Methodology Methodology

Determination of photogrammetric points for the most recent photos

Perform a multi-temporal aerotriangulation

Photogrammetric profiles

Construction of a DTM

Linear analysis and volume computation

Positional and temporal uncertainty

Accuracy estimation

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Year Camera Focus Scale N. Photos1938 ------ 204.4 1:18000 41958 ------ 152.04 1:25000 41969 Wild 152.19 1:25000 31972 Wild RC10 152.05 1:25000 51976 Wild RC10 153.36 1:25000 41995 Wild RC30 152.73 1:40000 3

Data Data

1. Determination of the internal and external orientation parameters.

2. Multi-temporal aerotriangulation with 1995, 1976 and 1972 epochs. We use this framework to determine natural control points for the 1976 and 1972 surveys. After computation of the external orientation parameters of the 1972 survey, similar operation was made in what concerns the 1969, 1958 and 1938 epochs.

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Digitised Features

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Photogrammetric profilesPhotogrammetric profiles

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Photogrammetric profilesPhotogrammetric profiles

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Cliff top line evolution

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1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Erosion rate = 0.17 m / year

Zone 1

Ret

reat

(m

)

Year

1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Erosion rate = 0.17 m / year

Zone 2

Ret

reat

(m

)

Year

Time evolution of the cliff geometryTime evolution of the cliff geometry

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Positional uncertaintyPositional uncertainty

0.76 m +

14m x Scale

(misinterpretation of the

delimitation)

gives 1.1 m

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1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16R

etre

at (

m)

Year

1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Ret

reat

(m

)

Year

Positional uncertaintyPositional uncertainty

Upper limit

Lower limit

Lower : 0.14 m yr-1

Upper: 0.20 m yr-1

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Airborne GPS / IMU integration for coastal Airborne GPS / IMU integration for coastal studies in Ria Fstudies in Ria Formosa.ormosa.

Célia Sousa, J. CatalãoCélia Sousa, J. Catalão

Mean cliff retreat rate tendencies for Forte Mean cliff retreat rate tendencies for Forte Novo - Garrão (Algarve - Portugal)Novo - Garrão (Algarve - Portugal)

S. Oliveira, J. Catalão, J. Dias

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Objective Objective

1. Integration of GPS/IMU coordination system on the aerotriangulation process (using BINGO software). Multiparametric AT with GPS+IMU+Photogrametric points.

2. Evaluation of the effect of photogrammetric points reduction on the aerotriangulation process and its effect on the derived photogrammetric restitution.

3. To develop a comprehensive evolutionary model for Forte Novo - Garrão shoreline/cliff retreat rate and its relation with close man made constructions, Quarteira fishing harbour and Vale do Lobo artificial beach nourishment. (Evaluation of cliff retreat and beach nourishment in Southern Portugal through photogrammetric techniques, S. Cruz de Oliveira, J. Catalão, Ó. Ferreira & J. M. Alveirinho Dias, sent to Journal of Coastal Research.)

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Study Area Study Area

Lagoon system with a 60 km dune chain

In this conditions how can we do the aerial photo orientation?

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Aerial photos stripsAerial photos strips

4 Surveys:199119992000 (GPS) 2001 (GPS+IMU)

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External orientation determinationExternal orientation determination

1991, 1999, 2000, 2001 – AeroTriangulation

2001 - GPS+INS

2001 - TA +GPS+IMU

2001 - TA +GPS+IMU (reducing the number of PFs)

2001 Survey 2001 Survey with with

GPS+IMUGPS+IMU

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Photogrammetric points determinationPhotogrammetric points determination

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Statistics for Quarteira-AncãoStatistics for Quarteira-Ancão

Std X (m) Std Y (m) Std H (m) Std (°) Std (°) Std k (°)

TA – IMU 0.536 0.632 1.011 0.024 0.022 0.014

IMU - TA/IMU 0.016 0.021 0.435 0.007 0.004 0.009

TA - TA/IMU 0.536 0.619 0.779 0.023 0.023 0.008

Mean X (m) Mean Y (m) Mean H (m) mean (°) Mean (°) mean k (°)

TA - IMU 1.047 -0.716 -0.144 -0.010 0.010 0.021

IMU - TA/IMU -1.289 0.553 -0.018 -0.004 0.002 -0.019

TA - TA/IMU -0.242 -0.163 -0.162 -0.014 0.012 0.001

Quarteira-Ancão

-2,0

-1,5

-1,0

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

Distância

Dif

ere

nç

as

dM

dP

dH

TA and GPS/IMU differences along the strip

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Standard deviation of the photogrammetric points coordinates as a function of the number of PFs used on the TA with GPS+IMU

QUARTEIRA - ANCAO

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Nº de PF's

De

svp

ad

Desvpad dM

Desvpad dP

Desvpad dH

CABANAS

0,00

0,05

0,10

0,15

0,20

0,25

0,30

2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14

Nº de PF's

Des

vpad Desvpad dM

Desvpad dP

Desvpad dH

Photogrammetric Photogrammetric points reductionpoints reduction

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2001

1991

1999

Cliff top line 2001

Cliff top line 1999

Cliff top line 1991

Data integration and AnalysisData integration and Analysis

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Retreat RateRetreat Rate

East groin of Quarteira

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InSAR ProjectsInSAR Projects

C. Catita & J. CatalãoC. Catita & J. Catalão

LATTEX, IDL, University of LisbonLATTEX, IDL, University of Lisbon

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Projects - FCTProjects - FCT

SARAZORES - Deformation Partition in Azores using interferometric SAR Images (2001-2004)

The main goal of this project was to develop an integrated technique, based on SAR interferometry and GPS, to measure inter-seismic, co-seismic, and post-seismic deformation and the partition of the deformation between volcanic and tectonic effects, by relating these to seismicity and geological structures, and probe plate boundary kinematics.

KARMA - Kinematics and Rheological Modelling of the Nubian-Eurasian plate boundary in the Azores (2005-2008)

The specific objectives of this project are: 1. Implementation of a near-real time continuous GPS network, 2. Processing and interpretation of a SAR multi-temporal imagery over Faial Island using interferometric techniques (with radar reflectors) to infer ground deformation, 3. ..., etc..

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Projects - ESAProjects - ESA

1. Deformation Partition in Azores using interferometric SAR images. ESA-EO, CAT-1 project, no 1074.

2. Ground deformation of Azores islands based on INSAR, corner reflectors and GPS. ESA-EO, CAT-1 project, no 3149.

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The July 9, 1998 Pico-Faial, Azores, The July 9, 1998 Pico-Faial, Azores, Earthquake: Co-seismic Deformation Earthquake: Co-seismic Deformation Detected by Radar InterferometryDetected by Radar Interferometry

C. Catita, J. Catalão, M. Miranda, L.M.VictorC. Catita, J. Catalão, M. Miranda, L.M.Victor

Time series analysis of SAR data applied to the study of the co-seismic deformation of the 9th July 1998 Pico-Faial (Azores) earthquake. International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 26, No 13, 10 July 2005, 2715-2729.

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The July 9, 1998 Pico-Faial, earthquakeThe July 9, 1998 Pico-Faial, earthquake

• Time: 05:19:15 (GMT);Time: 05:19:15 (GMT);

• Magnitude: Magnitude: Mw = 6.1Mw = 6.1

• Epicenter :Epicenter :

38º 38.05’ ± 2.2’ N , 38º 38.05’ ± 2.2’ N , 28º 31.38’ ± 3.4’ E 28º 31.38’ ± 3.4’ E

• More than 150 aftershocks More than 150 aftershocks observed between 9th and 15th observed between 9th and 15th of July.of July.

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Previous Geodetic StudiesPrevious Geodetic Studies

• TANGO Project (TransAtlantic Network

for Geodynamics and Oceanography) GPS measurements in 1993, GPS measurements in 1993, 1994, 1997 e 19991994, 1997 e 1999

• IGP (Instituto Geográfico Português)

GPS observationsobservations in 1997 GPS re-observations in August of 1998 (Faial) : 30 sites

• No GPS data available in PICO Island.

Fernandes, R. M. S., J. M. Miranda, J. Catalão, J. F. Luis, L. Bastos, B.A.C. Ambrosious (2002) “Coseismic Displacements of the Mw=6.1, July 9, 1998, Faial Earthquake (Azores, North Atlantic)”. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 29, N. 16, pp. 21-1, 21-4. DOI:10.1029/2001GL014415.

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Inversion of GPS data was performed using a non linear generalized algorithm. 2 solutions were studied.

Coseismic displacement modeling derived Coseismic displacement modeling derived from the geodetic studiesfrom the geodetic studies

350000 370000 390000 410000 4300004250000

4260000

4270000

4280000

4290000

350000 370000 390000 410000 4300004250000

4260000

4270000

4280000

4290000

12345678910

12345678910

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ERS1 and ERS2 imagesERS1 and ERS2 imagesSECOND TRACK

FIRST TRACK

Radar Images

.

• 17 images acquired between 1992 17 images acquired between 1992 and 1998 and 1998 10 interferograms 10 interferograms produced;produced; •2 independent tracks (descending 2 independent tracks (descending orbits) ;orbits) ;

• To use To use SAR InterferometrySAR Interferometry to characterize the to characterize the coseismic displacement field and determine if there is coseismic displacement field and determine if there is agreement with the previous geodetic studies.agreement with the previous geodetic studies.

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MethodologyMethodology

To isolate surface deformations from the interferograms, the To isolate surface deformations from the interferograms, the topography was removed by subtracting a synthetic fringe topography was removed by subtracting a synthetic fringe produced by using the DEM of the area of interest (DEME produced by using the DEM of the area of interest (DEME approach developed by CNES).approach developed by CNES).

A DEM was produced by digitizing contour lines and spot A DEM was produced by digitizing contour lines and spot height data from the existing 1:25000 scale topographic maps height data from the existing 1:25000 scale topographic maps produced by the produced by the Instituto Geográfico do ExércitoInstituto Geográfico do Exército (horizontal (horizontal resolution resolution 20 m and vertical accuracy 20 m and vertical accuracy 5 m). 5 m).

On the presented interferograms, the magnitude of the On the presented interferograms, the magnitude of the expected topographic artifact was estimated to be of the order expected topographic artifact was estimated to be of the order of:of: (best co-seismic pair) rms/Ha (best co-seismic pair) rms/Ha 1/55 cycles or 0.5 mm in 1/55 cycles or 0.5 mm in rangerange (worst co-seismic pair) rms/Ha (worst co-seismic pair) rms/Ha 1/16 cycles or 1.7 mm in 1/16 cycles or 1.7 mm in rangerange

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FIRST TRACKINTERFEROGRAMS IN DEM GEOMETRY

Interferogram A

366000m 368000m 370000m 372000m 374000m 376000m 378000m 380000m

4254000m

4256000m

4258000m

4260000m

4262000m

4264000m

4266000m

4268000m

366000m 368000m 370000m 372000m 374000m 376000m 378000m 380000m

4254000m

4256000m

4258000m

4260000m

4262000m

4264000m

4266000m

4268000m

Interferogram B

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SECOND TRACKINTERFEROGRAMS IN DEM GEOMETRY

366000m 368000m 370000m 372000m 374000m 376000m 378000m 380000m

4254000m

4256000m

4258000m

4260000m

4262000m

4264000m

4266000m

4268000m

366000m 368000m 370000m 372000m 374000m 376000m 378000m 380000m

4254000m

4256000m

4258000m

4260000m

4262000m

4264000m

4266000m

4268000m

Interferogram C Interferogram D

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Synthetic InterferogramsSynthetic Interferograms

Unit vector pointing from the ground toward the satellite: Unit vector pointing from the ground toward the satellite: [east, north, up] = [-0.341,0.075,-0.937][east, north, up] = [-0.341,0.075,-0.937]

366000m 368000m 370000m 372000m 374000m 376000m 378000m 380000m

4254000m

4256000m

4258000m

4260000m

4262000m

4264000m

4266000m

4268000m

366000m 368000m 370000m 372000m 374000m 376000m 378000m 380000m

4254000m

4256000m

4258000m

4260000m

4262000m

4264000m

4266000m

4268000m

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1. Despite several unfavorable factors and the 1. Despite several unfavorable factors and the consequent low consequent low level of coherence,level of coherence, the interferometry SAR method has been the interferometry SAR method has been successfully used for measuring the ground displacement successfully used for measuring the ground displacement changes in Pico Island. changes in Pico Island.

2. The deformation pattern observed on NW of Pico Island (3 2. The deformation pattern observed on NW of Pico Island (3 to 4 cm of range change, which correspond to an increase in to 4 cm of range change, which correspond to an increase in ground-to-radar distance between the two acquisition dates) ground-to-radar distance between the two acquisition dates) agrees well with the previous geodetic results and the agrees well with the previous geodetic results and the theoretical model presented by Fernandes theoretical model presented by Fernandes et alet al. [2002]. We . [2002]. We interpret this range change as the expression of elastic interpret this range change as the expression of elastic deformation generated by the July 9deformation generated by the July 9 thth Faial earthquake Faial earthquake

ConclusionsConclusions

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KARMA Project (2005-2008)KARMA Project (2005-2008)

0 200 600 800

-800

-400

0

400

800P

erpe

ndic

ular

Bas

elin

e

Days relative to 2004-04-16 (11128)

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Coherence

DEM

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Interferogram

Interferogram

After DEM removal

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Amplitude image and Persistent Scaterrers

PS obtained from amplitude dispersion

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Corner ReflectorsCorner Reflectors

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Corner ReflectorsCorner Reflectors

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Welcome to Lisbon

Welcome to Portugal

Thank you

João Catalão Out/2006 Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa 1 Mapping and monitoring...

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