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Joan of Arc: Maid, Martyr, LegendThe End of the 100 Years War
Who Was Joan of Arc?
✤ Joan has always been a popular but mysterious figure
✤ People have called her all kinds of things over the centuries:
✤ Saint?
✤ Mystic?
✤ Witch?
✤ Heretic?
✤ Fanatic?
What is a Martyr?
✤ A person who is killed for their beliefs, and whose death inspires other to their cause.
✤ Think-Pair-Share: Can we think of any other examples of martyrs?
What characteristic make a Martyr?
✤ People die for their beliefs all time, but not all of them got other to follow.
✤ Think about our list of Martyrs, can we come up with a characteristic we think they all share that might explain why they gained followers?
Think-Pair- Share:
✤ What makes an inspiring leader?
Setting the Stage:
✤ 100 Years War was really three wars:
✤ Edwardian War: 1337-1360
✤ English Victory
✤ Caroline War: 1369-1389
✤ Minor French Victory
✤ Lancastrian War: 1415-53
✤ Where Joan comes into play
France is Collapsing
✤ In 1428 France seems in real danger of losing the war— they haven’t won a battle in a generation
✤ Britain and their Burgundian allies have taken the north of France
✤ They’ve captured Paris, and have the city of Orleans under siege
✤ France is led only by an un-crowned Prince, and has little hope left
Mission From God?✤ Right as things seem lost, help
comes from the unlikely Joan of Arc
✤ Joan is a 13-Year-Old peasant girl, living in a small town in France
✤ One day she has a vision from God
✤ God Tells her she needs to lead the French army to Victory
Gaining Support
✤ At 16, Joan headed to the nearby town of Valcours where she convinced the French commander she was on a mission from God
✤ The commander escorted her in disguise to meet the French Dauphin (uncrowned King)
✤ The Dauphin was inspired by Joan, and he gave her armour and sent her along with the army marching to try and save Orleans
Maid of Orleans
✤ When the French Army arrived at Orleans, they drove off the English attackers
✤ Joan of Arc was considered an inspiring leader and won the support of the French commanders and men
Joan’s Bold Plan
✤ After Orleans, Joan proposed a bold new strategy for the French
✤ She suggested attacking the English far to the north at Reims, deep within enemy territory.
✤ Why Reims? It was the traditional place where French kings were crowned
A New King, A New Hope
✤ Joan’s plan works, the English expected an attack on Paris and were surprised
✤ The Dauphin is crowned at Reims and becomes King
✤ This bold victory inspired the French people
✤ They win a series of victories across the north of France
The Death of Joan
✤ However, in 1430 Joan is captured by the English while defending a town
✤ The English put Joan on trial for the crime Heresy
✤ She is found guilty and is burned at the stake
Think-Pair-Share:
✤ Was Joan Guilty of Heresy?
Joan’s Legacy
✤ Inspired by Joan’s death, the French went on to drive the English out of France entirely*
✤ Joan was given a retrial by the Pope after the French victory and found innocent
✤ In 1920 Joan of Arc was made a Catholic saint
The End of War
✤ After 116 years the Hundred Years War was over in 1453
✤ The English monarchs gave up their claims on France
✤ The war had changed little in terms of borders, but had created a sense of national identity on both sides
Think-Pair-Share
✤ Why have generation after generation been so interested in Joan of Arc?
Who Was Joan?
✤ Now it’s your turn to make some judgements about Joan of Arc
✤ 1. read the handout with contemporary quotes about Joan, and some more background
✤ 2 Use the information to decide on 5 characteristic you think Joan had. Use evidence to support your claims.
Compare
✤ As a class we will share the characteristics we come up with
✤ How do these compare to the qualities of an inspiring leader we came up with?
Conclusion
✤ Joan of Arc’s martyrdom rallied the French, and almost certainly played a role in their winning the war
✤ Joan also helped create a sense of French identity in the troops
✤ Exit Slips