Jim Reilly Observations on Smart Grid in United States1
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Transcript of Jim Reilly Observations on Smart Grid in United States1
Observations on Smart Grid in the United States
Prepared for
Chile: Smart Grid Technologies and Policy Reverse Trade Mission
James T. Reilly Consultant
August 21, 2011
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EIA Base Case 2008
Technology EIA 2008 Reference Target
Efficiency Load Growth ~ +1.2%/yr Load Growth ~ +0.75%/yr
Renewables 60 GWe by 2030 100 GWe by 2030
Nuclear Generation 20 GWe by 2030 64 GWe by 2030
Advanced Coal Generation
No Existing Plant Upgrades
40% New Plant Efficiency
by 2020–2030
130 GWe Plant Upgrades
46% New Plant Efficiency
by 2020; 49% in 2030
CCS None Widely Deployed After 2020
PHEV None 10% of New Vehicle Sales by 2017;
+2%/yr Thereafter
DER < 0.1% of Base Load in 2030 5% of Base Load in 2030
Goal:
CO2 Reduction
• Expanded Advanced Light Water
Reactor Deployment
• Enabling Efficiency, PHEVs, DER
via the Smart Distribution Grid
• Enabling Intermittent Renewables
via Advanced Transmission Grids
• Advanced Coal Plants with CO2
Capture and Storage
EfficientBuildingSystems
UtilityCommunications
DynamicSystemsControl
DataManagement
DistributionOperations
DistributedGeneration& Storage
Plug-In Hybrids
SmartEnd-UseDevices
AdvancedMetering
Consumer Portal& Building EMS
Internet Renewables
PV
ControlInterface
Heat Pump Water Heaters
Variable Refrigerant FlowAir Conditioning
Ductless Residential Heat Pumps and Air Conditioners
Hyper-EfficientResidential Appliances
LED Street and
Area Lighting
Efficient Data Centers
Low-Emissions Technologies
Key Drivers for Smart Grid
• Optimization of energy supply and demand
• Integration of Renewable Generation and Distributed Energy
Resources
• Platform for new energy devices and applications for more
efficient use of energy
– Real-time consumption information and pricing
– Active demand management
• Improvement of grid reliability and responsiveness
– Real-time intelligence and control
– Outage prevention and recovery
IntelliGrid
Electrical
Infrastructure
Intelligence Infrastructure
Integrated Energy and Communications System Architecture – 2001 Rev 0 Architecture – 2004
Source: NIST Smart Grid Framework 1.0, September 2009
Smart Grid Domains
Technologies of Interest
Themes
Direction To date, the smart grid in the United States has been dominated by smart
metering and as an enabler for demand management. Now, the direction is turning towards being an enabler for the integration of renewables into distribution networks and the bulk power system.
Standards The NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP) is the primary forum for
the identification of standards for the smart grid and, as such, addresses issues in the areas of communications, data exchange, and the interconnection of distributed energy resources.
Research The focus of smart grid related research in the U.S. is on solutions for
integrated systems and energy storage.
8
Evolution of Smart Grid
• Customer Service / Cost Savings initial AMI deployments (2000 to 2008)
• Demand Management expanded AMI deployments (2009 to 2010)
• Integration of Renewable Energy demonstration and pilot projects (2010)
• Smarter Transmission Grid NASPInet interoperability demo (2011)
Regulatory Framework
• Public Utility Commissions within state boundaries, primarily distribution
• Federal Energy Regulatory Commission interstate transmission; wholesale markets
• Nuclear Regulatory Commission nuclear power plants
• North American Electric Reliability Corporation electric reliability organization; critical infrastructure protection committee
Renewable portfolio standard
Renewable portfolio goal
Solar water heating eligible
Extra credit for solar or customer-sited renewables
Includes non-renewable alternative resources
WA: 15% x 2020*
CA: 33% x 2020
NV: 25% x 2025*
AZ: 15% x 2025
NM: 20% x 2020 (IOUs)
10% x 2020 (co-ops)
HI: 40% x 2030
Minimum solar or customer-sited requirement
TX: 5,880 MW x 2015
UT: 20% by 2025*
CO: 30% by 2020 (IOUs) 10% by 2020 (co-ops & large munis)*
MT: 15% x 2015
ND: 10% x 2015
SD: 10% x 2015
IA: 105 MW
MN: 25% x 2025 (Xcel: 30% x 2020)
MO: 15% x 2021
WI: Varies by utility;
~10% x 2015 statewide
MI: 10% & 1,100 MW
x 2015*
OH: 25% x 2025†
ME: 30% x 2000 New RE: 10% x 2017
NH: 23.8% x 2025
MA: 22.1% x 2020 New RE: 15% x 2020
(+1% annually thereafter)
RI: 16% x 2020
CT: 23% x 2020
NY: 29% x 2015
NJ: 20.38% RE x 2021
+ 5,316 GWh solar x 2026
PA: ~18% x 2021†
MD: 20% x 2022
DE: 25% x 2026*
DC: 20% x 2020
NC: 12.5% x 2021 (IOUs)
10% x 2018 (co-ops & munis)
VT: (1) RE meets any increase in retail sales x 2012;
(2) 20% RE & CHP x 2017
KS: 20% x 2020
OR: 25% x 2025 (large utilities)*
5% - 10% x 2025 (smaller utilities)
IL: 25% x 2025
29 states +
DC and PR have an RPS
(8 states have goals)
OK: 15% x 2015
PR: 20% x 2035
WV: 25% x 2025*†
VA: 15% x 2025*
DC
IN: 15% x 2025†
Renewable Portfolio Standards
Source: Interstate Renewable Energy Council (August 2011)
† *
Federal Policy
• Title XIII – Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA)
– SMART GRID ADVISORY COMMITTEE AND SMART GRID TASK FORCE
– SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION
– SMART GRID INTEROPERABILITY FRAMEWORK
– STATE CONSIDERATIONS OF SMART GRID
• Title IV – American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA)
– SMART GRID DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS
– SMART GRID INVESTMENT GRANTS
• 128 FERC ¶ 61,060 Smart Grid Policy (Issued July 16, 2009)
NIST Role in Smart Grid
13
Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 Title XIII, Section 1305.
Smart Grid Interoperability Framework
In cooperation with the DoE, NEMA, IEEE, GWAC, and other stakeholders, NIST has “primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems…”
ARRA Smart Grid Investment Grants
Category
Description
#
Award
($ million)
1 Advanced Metering Infrastructure 31 818
2 Customer Systems 5 32
3 Electric Distribution Systems 13 254
4 Electric Transmission Systems 10 148
5 Equipment Manufacturing 2 26
6 Integrated and/or Crosscutting Systems 39 2,211
TOTAL 100 3,489
ARRA Investment Grants – AMI
Category 1 $ 818 million
Category 6 $1,410 million
Total grants – AMI $2,228 million AMI-related projects represent 64% of total
investment grants.
Total number of smart meters in U.S. by 2012: 16.3 million – approx. 11% of total meters
Source: Assessment of Demand Response and Advanced Metering, Staff Report, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 2006, 2008, 2010
AMI meters vs. total meters penetration of advanced metering
AMI – solid state meters / two way communications
Advanced Metering Infrastructure
16
Year AMI Meters Total Meters
2010 12,828,363 147,709,399 8.7%
2008 6,733,151 144,385,392 4.7%
2006 947,224 141,994,039 0.7%
Smart Grid Landscape
Concepts Devices Applications Measurement/Data Communications
• Interconnection-wide
reliability coordinator
• Synchrophasors and
PMU concentrators
• State Estimator and
Contingency Analysis
• Voltage and current
angle differences
• Precision time
protocols
• Interconnection-wide
state estimator
• Wholesale and
customer smart meters
• Wide-area situational
awareness
• Voltage and current
phasors and DLR
• Information
management protocols
• Smart grid cyber
security and definitions
• Intelligent end devices
(IEDs)
• Event detection • Frequency • Wide-area networks
and communications
• Interoperability • Switched/controllable
capacitor banks
• Disturbance location • Three-phase AC
voltage and/or current
• Field area networks
and communications
• Electricity storage • Digital fault recorders • Dynamic Ratings • Power system modeling
and real-time data from
• Premises networks and
communications
• Emergency control • Plug-in electric vehicles • Pattern recognition •Meter data common
profiles
• Wireless
communications
• Substation automation • Power quality meters • Protection systems • Dynamic Line Ratings • Substation LANs
• Device and end-to-end
testing
• Direct control load
management
• Remedial action • Global Positioning
System
• Training • DLR for operations • Demand Response • Encryption
• Wind generation • Tension and Sag
measurement
• Automatic meter
reading
• Phasor Management
Networks
• Voltage/reactive control
• Operator training
•Data storage and
retrieval
17
Characteristics of the Future Power Delivery System
• Interactive with consumers and markets
• Self-Healing and Adaptive
• Optimized to make best use of resources and equipment
• Predictive rather than reactive, to prevent emergencies
• Accommodates a variety of generation options
• Integrated, merging monitoring, control, protection, maintenance, EMS, DMS, marketing, and IT
• Cyber Secure
Reilly Associates PO Box 838 Red Bank, NJ 07701 Telephone: (732) 706-9460 Email: [email protected]