Sara Croxford , A Kitching, M Kall, M Edelstein and V Delpech
~.JIII J~ .i,~ · 1."Nanomaterical - Synthesis, Properties and Applications", edited by A.S....
Transcript of ~.JIII J~ .i,~ · 1."Nanomaterical - Synthesis, Properties and Applications", edited by A.S....
•~.J8io~.~
~JJ.) ~.JIII J ~ J') 4.o1i.i ,~ ww.,t,o
~ Jt ~&.;.:,JIS : 0J.9~
~,;~ :~J
~ J~ ~),...,T!.S~) ttAl.;~ !.SI),.:. Af/OfA t),..., Dot ~ ~~ U"'L...I~ ttAl.;~ lY-1
!.S~) ttAl.;r. ul;L~1 !.S;lifl, ttAl.; ~T ..)1,...,~ ~I.b , ~ ,;l.; ~) ..)~I u),~ ~
)..) , o~ lY-,.,l; r,k ~..)fl ~ o~l..) ~ u~ !.S~I .h...,,; ,~~I..) ~ I5"'P
~ Af/A/,(f t),..., o~b ~),...,T !.S~) cI....ol.;~ !.SI),.:. ~ ~p , ~ , ~
"-r------~---
~~l.i:~)
~)I ~l.A...!,,)lS": ~
..:...,.,.,1o~ (;;.,..>.; ~,k Lr"!"X ~ 0»:":";1" ~ 0~ <.5~1 .h..,,, .s ~ "l.; ~) <5"'~)l) 0),,, <5"')" <LoLt:
.~) '-;--'.~~ "I) ~rs'1~
...:.....uII;>JiI ~jJi '-;--'.~ t'.;l:; jI <Lol.;r.(;;.1
. J.,."r. 01.L:..;1"~j,..T <.5~) <Lol.;r.<.51)"";''-;--'.~ ~..s:;T;L ~ jb..o <Lol.;r.;,>~ C" y.••
v..,.Li .»)~).) o~l.) ~)Y'T lSj-:) <L.olir. lSl)~ Af/A/n t)~ ~ O).)L..o lSl)
..),..:.. t~1 ~Y-~ ..1..>1,~ ,..:....,..,1~ ~) \..5"'""~)) F »> ~ ,.;li ~) \..5"'"").) cUli r.
:<\.o~ -,
,J ~ y ISlA...l...>l),u~ 'i ,lA)\::>.L....1S..r.f)~ ) ~ y ,.vJtb IS)) ,;$' ...:...,.....1IS))\;.; ~ J': IS))\;.; jt;
) <WJtb ~ jL; ,;$' d 01yI..S'" \...1.:l).,l; .:lY':"J IS))\;.; jL; ) ~ jt; 0::: ~.:l ~ .k>- ) j>..L..; ~ .f
~ y ,-.?"Iyk IS))\;.; jL; ~l> ).:l ...:...,.....1J..,s:J .r ) ~I V"'~ ).:l ".:lly \$.. ~~ ) ~ ) lAo..t:..l;i.5"" ).i'
~ . ..t..:.~1..S'" ?jt; V"'~).:l .:lly ~jl-Lil) ~ ~yk jl lA~) J:\.....) ,lA)\::>'\"'".:l.T.)\5' s ..l~).:..r:-:u s
? jl.i V"'~ ~ 4T ~jl..GI ~lS ...L:.:T} ~ ..::...I~ 1*') 6).:l IS)) ~ jL; ~l».:l.J.:.:l ..::...)~
j>..l> ISU~) J:L....) ,lA)\::>'L.....:l~1 1S1r.~I;I ~ jl ~ o.,+.IS)) IS)J\;.;jL; ,...:...,.....I:?.r=--o
ISJ) ...s ..:.-.,..I c.,..,b ~ \S""--4-0 jL; i~ISA.:l ~ j 0l:-o J.I ).:l ....:...,.....I :? .r=--o~ L;V"" I~ J .:l..?)5'
. ...:...,.....1
Ir---------------· ..··'J------ ------------ ---------
(Self-replicating Assembler) ~,:).,..> o..\.::1.)\ ~ ~ 6..S ~~I o~ t..>'+?J!J J ~~ ~
2
r------------------------------,--------
~ ~ l:. ~~ ~l>.:;\ J\..,a;\ j{Organic-inorganic boundary surfaces) ~.J.A,.-JT ~j.r C~
(SAM)
3
s: ":}....>. L:.jlS jL9 (Deposition) ~\..:.j~'l'(.5~~_U J;~~ r-' (Self Assembled Monolayer)
:~~,~~-rJJ-"""I ~ 0T 0..LiIJ$~~b ~ ...:.......1(.5loJJ~ ~ yL; ~ J - yL; (.5JJl:.j J iP ..l!.) (,$""\:.,.;. Jl5' ~JJ~
...s (.5~ "-:~jyT i.5"IJ tyP .r ~ ~ (,$"" J.I. J ~.;N ~~ (.51.1.ij'l' (.5~ jyT J o..l!.\:.,.;.T~
. ..I:.k; ~..Lil ~ wJyP "-: ..Lil~ I?, ~ ~JJ~ J~ ~ ~bl (.51.1.
:~"~Jl~-f....:.......1yL; (.5JJl:.j J iP ~j)~ Jl5' (.51.1.~J;;~; J~ 0JJ~ 0;.1~I
:rU:U ~ , oJ'~ J~-f~)>-"J~ ...s ,..::.........1~ JL-:-i J~ ~ yL; ~ J - yL; (.5JJl:.j J iP ..l!.) (,$""\:.,.;. Jl5' 0JJ~ J~
~\:.,.;. Jl5' 0JJ~ i~ ...l!.~ is" J-:ljl J.l! JL-:-i ~ .o..D:...:..;b~ w~ (.5IJy. '-:-'~ ~U""'l>
J (.5~ If'JJ~ 0..GIJ$ l: ~b ...::.........1~J;; -~jyT ~ yL.; ~J - yL; (.5JJl:.j J i~ ..l!.)
...Lil...Jcs" 0~~ "-:J}-o ~ J~ IJ 0JJ~ 0;.1 ,4.0L; 0~~ tyPy J ~IJ ~L..::.....I~L>.:.;I
:~J~ ~llbw\>', t.'; , ~,~ -~W JJ-""" ~ ...l..>-IJrA~ yL; ~ J - yL; (.5JJl:.j J i~ ..l!.) (,$""\:.,.;. Jl5' ~JJ~ cs:" J~ (.5~J.>.IJ JS' ~I...w
:...:.......I.l.j
~IIf'JJ~-O-'
(.5J~1 If' JJ~ -0- r
J~-o-Y'
4.oL; 0~ ~ - o-f
4
I
:~I U" JJ::' -0- \
,-;-,G..::.;I~ JJI J~ J::' ~ ; IJ 4T jL;;J-:-; ~ ~ J ~ ~\::. 4S' ...:.-\ iSP U" J::' ,.l>.IJ ~
.~ Lo.;I.S"
:iSJ~1 U" JJ::'-O- Y
.u,y.J" JJ~ jl IJ ::.yi- iSJ~1 U" JJ::' ..t;lyl.S" ~\:;, 4S' ...:.-1 Y )~ J iSP U" JJ::' jl iSl ,;..;;~
..r..L.....jl I) ::..,..>- iSJL;:>-1 U"JJ::' j\ ..l..>IJ r' ..Glyl.S" ~\:;, ,~I) ::.\::.....I~ 0)y J::' .~Lo.; ,-;-,~I
....l.Lo.;,-,~I is?::' J -L.::.) (.S'""l.:..:;,)5'is~ oJJ::' U"J)::'
:J~-O-r'
~ j J::' jJJ ~ ~lb 0l::-o jI ~ Y 6:: ~I) J (.S'""J.;J.0T t;rP Y J 0::'Y. I.S"I)I J~ J.I :\ J~
...L:lj~ J...r..L. J ~\:;, 0\..;""'.;J. J o::.\:;, u=-:Ijl I) ~\:;, ~ 0J..l..9 4S' is~ ~ -L.::.~I.S" iSJJljyl;
i~ is?::' J -L.::.) (.S'""l.:..:;,)5'iS~oJJ::' 0~~\:;, J~ J o-L.::.~I) I.:.....d....6:: ~\..j ~::.J...l>..,.J::' J~
.ulyi- o£.:.;\:;, ~ 0~ iSlJY '-:-'"'...~ ~ 4S' iSl 4..4l;~T U"L...I .r. ~ yl; ~ J - yl; iSJJlj J
....:.-\ I.S"I)I ~J~ J.I 0~ J::....I.:--'J
.-L.::.~I.S" \ J~ -L;.;\..~I.? P jl J 0::'y. iSJ~1 )~ ,::1 :YJ~
:4..4l;0~4 -0-£
t"-"; Y ,-;-,G..::.;IJ::' .::,.r? I$'" i~1 i J::' J~ jLJ- T J::' ;5'\..l..> 4..4l;0~4 ~ Y J ~\J ::.\::.....\,-;-,~I
:::.YI.S" ~ y' ..r..j 0~ ~ ~ ) 4..4l;0~~
.-L.::.~yl; iSJJlj J iP ~j J::' ~J.J; •..••.•..Y J"::"'>-l.:..:;,~ J::' p::'JY C» J ~ Y -uJI
.-L.::.~iSJJT y J J jl; iSl)::. p::'JY j>-olJ ~ ..; JJ-'-;-'
:W~f e.,l9 ,.$...lH'; , ~ -yyl; iSJJlj J iP~j J::' ~ J.J; -::....).i--" 0-L.::.)::.o¥ -'\ - \
JP ~J.J; 0L.... Y J::' yl; is)Jlj J iP lS~~j J::' -SJ~ -,\-Y
;~~ 0~ 4..4\:;,\iSl.;J.J ::.\..T- '\-r'
:~ ~li~., -~li 1.S."u, f~ o.,,~~~,."~f~,~f~-V
J IS""'..L+- 'i~ ..k;.;J" is~ ~ J 4; J ~ 0\.. j\.... ~\; J:lb (.S'""l.:..:;,)\5'6' J..lo 0::'Y. I)::. -V-'
~j,
5
• ---------
:~~, ~,~ , ~'~-A6:..: J:>JP -';jyT ~ 01oj\....\.SlAJ.-lIJ.,,:=-:>~lk..~ jt;..l.!..;I ~t:..;.)5·~JJ:>\.S:>JJJ0yjT
...,t,;.~ .r..j JJ~ ...:."JY ~ ~1.rP J ,)Iy 0y jT o:>y. \.SIb. .r 6.: ...:."JY J:>.,)..r.t tf i~1 b. .r J') ~
A 'U~~
~~ ~~f~f~ ~~.),Uj"" a:J.;;, ~~w~j ,
, u;1T~~ ju;!l..J~, ~jl..Jf~r ,r ,'~T U"'.)~)u;1T~ r(u;1T~:y) ~ 'u;1T~.)~ ~~~ ,t..)lS'" ,, (~j19 ~T ,r ,'~~ ~ U"'.)~)~~~ r, (~~~ ~~~ ,r ,,~~ U"'.)~)~~~ f, (~~, r~',rr "~:y)~U"'.)~) ~:y) ~ 0
, ,'~ ~ '~~ ~~~ J~')~~ ,t..)lS'" ~P
.(~fj19~~.),>,~ ~lE4 ,yT ~ J~f,r
.:>y. ~I.,,> .r..j C.r- ~ 0T j>1.r '0y jT O:>y. \.SIb. .r J:>...:."JY J')
...,t,;.~)'~ JJ~ ~lk..J o..,t,;..;If.r. ~ 0L.jL.....k..,..y,..) ~ \'s,)JJJ 0yjT :JJI b..r
~~ J'( 6:..:j:;9 ~ ,...,JT~ J') ~ -...A.;1,).r.JlS' ~ if JJ') jl ~? 0y jT :iJ') b. .r
~.r 0tf ..,t,;.cl.r....l;tfL...1i~1 jl ~ 0yjT -:r..1.":'-1 \.SJL....~1.rP ~ '( ~.k. ~ J is"~I§' ~
.:>..r.t tf i~1 o~b ..k..,..y ,JJI
6
•
~~,; ~li:~ llb~'~ ~,~ ~.)~ rli ~~.)
~ i..SP ~ ~ i..SP ~"1.,5' • 'L.* - £A tA - r r lSlA>)\;>.\.... lS? ~ ,
\.S' .r' ~ cS '
jl;
r6:,j:9 ~* - tA tA - r r jl; ')\Y'? lS~)) r-- ~, )\;>.\....
~ ~ .),r.)l5'* - tA tA - r r \;>. \..... - \....L:. r) 0'::::"")rS-.JT '.)
~) , ')\Y'jl;
- H'f Wf - ~ ~ ~
ij':1 ,-:-,l.,a..;..b- ~ )..L.';.~0.,t;\).K; \.S""L:.}s" 0))'))') \) ..r))') J.\ ~b ~)y),) - ~,~ ~~.)~*
<L: ..r))') j-:\ 0...G\)K ,..,L;.~o,)~ ~ (0Y'jT P') ob-.r)..L.';.) \.S""L:.)l$"' 0))') lS,)))) 0Y'jT ),) \)
.-.::..........\lS"\)I.}\~ ":"')Y
(-----
7
•
·W •. ~ldw ~" ~.)~ ~U ~~l.)-~
~I.Sfoj ~
y 6:, j:9 • - iA iA r ..lA l> ..:.J l> & . ,-- ~ . J ~
.)1Y'r lS~JJ - iA iA r JJ-J.- ~ y
JI:>-L.jli
.)1Y'rlS~JJ - iA iA r jli .)IY'r J') ~ .rr: .)..I.J\5' rJI:>-L.jli
.)IY'r lS~JJ ry - rr , .)IY'\.S- L.\.:..;.J r 0\5" J\5' f
JI:>-L...jli JI:>-L...jli
.)1Y'rlS~JJ - iA iA r ~ r-:L, lSJJl:; jli (;)
JI:>-L...jli
jli .)IY'r -.s~ JJ - iA iA r ~..w .)IY'jli 9-
JI:>-L...
.)1Y'rlS~JJ - iA iA r J.?JY'I.r.,r~ V
J - JI:>-L.jli
• - I~Y..r"
lS~JI:>-L. lSP ~ - iA iA r 'JI:>-L. jli .)IY'.s" ";:;I~ w~\.:....A A
jli
- - - ,"\ , YL- ~J _
ry roY rAi yr~
jl ~ J JJ~ J..I jl IJ o..li\...}~ ...\.>IJr J JJ~ J..I jl IJ lSJl:=>-1erJJ') jl ...\.>IJV ..lil..f:--~b •
w~ -.sIJy. J ~IJ .)\.::....I~IY' ~ ~ lS~ ~ J ..I..L...lSlp.) ~ J ...t...:.) -..>"\.:..;. j\5' if JJ')
.~~ ,-;-,\.;.:;I oJ.? ~
8
.---
9
•
:;'
.01.<' "0L.o 0 0L:..:.....1.5" Y;.Y ~....s' 0 0 J. .,
ISP :...t>IJ tyyl; ISlAJl::.>L...ISP ~ ~J.J\5"' J Jyl J. ..hL,..jJ ~~T :-...J~
: U"" J~ ~ .r"
<self-assembly and surface reconstruction) ~ ISjL... oJ~J~J ~IJT~.,> 'J..fJY'
VB JMO IS~JJ ~LQ..., VB JMO
......k:IJ.SCF J JSy. ISJ~ ,,--:LQ...,SCF ISJ~ J~ 0JLAi ,SCF ISJ~ .Pariser-Parr-Pople
10
1."Nanomaterical - Synthesis, Properties and Applications", edited by A.S.
Edelstein and R.C. Cammarata, institute of physics publishing, London, 1998.
2."Handbook ofNanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology", edited by H .S.
Nolwa vols.1-5, academic press (2000).
3."Science ofFullerenes and Nanotubes", by M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus,
and P. Eklund, Academic press (1996).
4."Nanostructured Carbon for Advanced Applications", edited by G.Bncedek
etal, kluwer Academic publishers (2001).
5."Quantum Chemistry"; 4thEdition; I.R.Levine; 1991.
11
----------- .-----
~P;:..b-I) cy'l'6:..~ .:'\"':"':"'"
.J: ~ J .. ,
Jb:-L...yl; ~I,.,...? ~~)J Jr""\ J'. ..hL s ~L:...:;.T:...j..u.
:J"J~ ~ .r"
Nanowires and Nanorods : ~.AA: 6:...~yl; ~lAJb:-L...-'I'
1,\1 ,,::.~ .1. •• sical Vapor Deposition (PVD) ,- Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD),/ r.."'Wa
·.<:":~tQ ic Layer Deposition (ALD) , - Electrochemical Deposition
12
~ ----------------------------
1. G. Cao, "Nanostructures and nanomaterials: Synthesis, properties and
Application", Imperial College press, 2004.
2. M. S. Dresselhous et aI, " Carbon nanotube: Synthesis, Structure, Properties
and Application", Springer, New-York, 2001.
3. K. J. KIabande, "Nanoscale materials in chemistry", Wiley, 2001.
13
..----------------- ---------~---- ------- ~--- --
\Sp : .boIJCYJT ~ )~ ~ ~ ~.I.)t) : jI.' •.~
;!IyyL JL:.>.L.. ~ J ~L..L:....:,0~ JJ J.r"'1 .r. .k.L; J .)L:....:,\ :...j..,u,
:u"J~~.r'
Auger, UPS, XPS, ESCA :~ j:1t;T-,
X-ray \S~-r
WAXS
SAXS
EXAFS
XANES
XRD
XRF
1. Z. L. Wang, "Characterization ofNanophase materials", Wiley-VCH, 2000.
~~~~\,~~>.,J /
\) " 14
•
l>P :...\>Ij [j
,.6:.,~ . :'L:...::....,-J-- ~ J __ "
..)...~ -:.Jb. s ~ ~ J.r"'1 .r. ..k.L; j ~L:..:;.T :~~
:if J;) J..a.9 .r"
----- ----- ---•
1. Richard C. Ropp; "Solid State Chemistry"; 2003.
2. D. P. Woodruff, et al; "Modem Techniques of Surface Science"; 1994.
3. Ralf and Walter; England Vanselow; "Chemistry and Physics of Solid-State".
16
lSP :..l>-I)U)l:.>-l... y\.; ~Iy ? lS~)) :jI.-. _"
Jj -J.- ~ J~I.I..hL;) ~L;.T :--J.AA
:er)~~ .r"
I.C.J.Brinker; G.W.Scherer; "Sol-Gel Science"; Accademic Press; 1990.
2.D.C.Bradley; R.C.Mehrotra; I.P.Rothwell; A.Singh; " Alkoxo and Aryloxo
Derivatives of Metals" ; Accademic Press; 2001.
3. C. Jeffrey Brinker; George W. Scherer ; "Sol-Gel Science: The Physics and
Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing"; 1990.
4. John D. Wright; Nico A.J.M. Sommerdijk; "Sol-Gel Materials: Chemistry and
Application"; 2000.
17
•
(.5p :..\>-IJty\:>.L... ·l.;.:ll .•' .ct. • :'L.:...::....,
J Y Y .J""'"'"" '-'" ~ JJ J _ .,
yl.; .:lly ? .s> ~ Y.Y' .:l.r.Jl) J Jyl .r. ..k.L; J ~L.;.T :..j..lA
: V"J.:l ~.r"
: c;-1y4
l.C. N.R. Rao, M . A. K. Cheetham,"The chemistry ofNano materials", Wiley-
VCH Verlag Gmbh& Co., Weiheim, 2004.
18
•
~:~\Jt.j
J\.::>.L.. jl; .)\y ? 15~ JJ :jI.' •.;
J\.::>.L.. jl; .)\y \.S-L..\.:..;.J ? ~ 15~ JJ .T. .kW J J\.:..;.T :0..u
:U" J') J.,aj.r:
1. Z. L. Wang, "Characterization ofNanophase materials", Wiley-VCH, 2000.
19
•
is);.; : ...\.>-IJ t.j\:>.L... .t; ~I .•. ,,..1· :.L.:..::....,
) y Y.r-"" ,-",'1r"" J) ). .,
lA ~ is) J l:.9 j t; J-"""I .r. .k.L...; J J L:..;.T :..j~
:iJ")~ J..a,9 .r:
Electrodeposited )\:>.L... jt; ~Iy-
Electrodeposition ~ )\:>.L... jt; ~Iy?-
20
•
'''J~)~
lA.) ..r.J l$" - Y
~jr.-l$" yl;-
owl.!.~."A; l.S ~ ~-
owl.!.~."A; l.S~~-
:c;lr
I.C. Koch, " Nanostructured materials: Processing, Properties and Potential
Applications" William Andrew Inc., 2002.
21
($P :~\J tyJI.::>L...yl; ~\.,..? ($~ JJ :j'.' •.~
~J.A,. ~\.,.. yl; ~..I.JlS" J I.SJ.? Jyl..l...kL.; J ~L.:...;.T :..j..l.!l
:erJ ~ ~ .r:
l.Feldheim, D.L.; Foss, C.A.; "Metal Nanoparticles, Synthesis,
Characterization and Application", 2004.
2.Reich, S., et al.; "Carbon Nanotubes", 2004.
3. Yang, P.; "The Chemistry ofNanostructured Materials", 2003.
(.$p :.h-IJ cj
~ y".;-I- )\::>.\..... j\,; ~IJ'"? (.$~ J) :jl.o •.~
JpJ J'" 1f.Y"" ~ ~ .r.) l5' J (.$).p J.r'" I .r. .kL; J JL.:.T :--.J-Uo
:V")~ ~.r"
o(.$)Jl:.ij\,; J biomimicry J ~IJ'"JL4:.;1 ,~IJ ,.:.-.-;:-l\.il5' ('\
23
1."Supramolecular Organization and Materials Design"; Edited by W. Jones; C.
N. R. Rao ; 200l.
2.Paul D. Beer, Philip A. Gale and David K. Smith "Supramolecular Chemistry",
Oxford Science Publications.
3."Supramolecular Chemistry "; by Jonathan W. Steed, Jerry L. Atwood; 2000.
4."Nano-Surface Chemistry "by Morton Rosoff (Editor); 200l.
5."Chemistry at the Beginning of the Third Millenium : Molecular Design,
Supranolecules, Nanotechnology and Beyond"; L.Fabbrizzi; A. Poggi; Springer;
200l.
24
•
-Sp :~IJ tj.l; lA \:>L.. t:.: •.. L.:..:....,y -S J -S.r'"' ~ .J. .,
J\:>L.. yl; .:>1.,..15~I§' ..:...~~ .:>.r.JlS' J -SJ? Jyl.r...kL.; J ' }L:.,;.T :-.j..u.
:V'" J':> J...:U.r"
.HF/6-31G, HF/6-31G
Coupled J-JJ ' Moller Pleset J-JJ '~'J TJ-:5 r.r. J-JJ '~IJ i~ :~IJ -S~ JJ (i
.RlSD J-JJ ' Cluster
GAMESS J GAUSSIAN J Hyperchem J Chemcraft :-slA))1 ij ~JlS' J IS- L:.,;.T (A
25
l."Approximation Molecular Orbital Theory", Pople, J.A.; Beveridge, D.L.;
1970.
2."Ab initio Molecular Orbital Theory", Hehre, W.J.; Radom, L.; Schleyer,
P.V.R.; Pople, J.A; 1986.
3."A Handbook of Computational Chemistry", Clark, T.; 1985.
4."Handbook of Gaussian Basis Sets", Porier, R.; Kari, R.; Czimadia, I.G.
5."molecular Electronic Structure Theory", Helgaker, T.; Jorgensen, P.; Olsen,
J.
6."Approximation Density Functional Theory as a Practical Tool in Molecular
Energetics and Dynamics", Ziegler, T.; Chem. Rev.; 1991,91,651-667.
7."Conceptual Density Functional Theory" , Geerlings, P.; Profi, F;
Langenaeker, W.; Chem. Rev.; 2003, 103, 1793-1873.
26