NanomaterialsJiang Hongxuan 3A3 31

•Definition

•Overview and influences

•General properties of nanomaterials

•Basic properties of four nanomaterials

•Basic uses of the four nanomaterials

•Reference

Content Page

a material made up of nanostructures between 1 and 100 nanometres (or billionths of a metre) in size.

can be nanoparticles, nanotubes or nanocrystals.

small size of the structures properties of nanomaterials

are different to ordinary materials

Defenition

Nanomaterials are manufactured for a wide variety of applications

All kinds of composite' nanomaterial �(combinations of materials that are normally immiscible) are also being produced.

The idea is to introduce nanostructures - nanoparticles, for instance - into a matrix (metal, organic material, etc.) to obtain specific properties of hardness, mechanical strength, conductivity or electrical insulation, and so on.

So it is already possible to construct materials to measure. The economic potential is huge.

Overview

influences• Creating a wealth of new materials and

manufacturing possibilities, which in turn will profoundly impact our economy, our environment, and our society

• Researchers and manufacturers can fabricate materials literally molecule-by-molecule

• Harness previously inaccessible properties of matter into new structures with new, unique, and often remarkable properties :• Enhanced new strength • Vastly increased weight

• …

The principal parameters of nanoparticles are their shape size, and the morphological sub-structure of the substance.

Nanoparticles are presented as an aerosol a suspension or an emulsion.

In the presence of chemical agents, the surface and interfacial properties may be modified.

properties of nanomaterials

a suspension/colloid of gold in a fluid 10 nm particles absorb green light and thus

appear redThe size goes down, the melting temperature

decreasesGold no longer noble turn into insulatorsShape: icosahedral symmetry, or hollow or

planar, depending on size.

Nanogold

comparison• Bulk material

• Yellow• Melting

point is 1064°C

• Very uncreative

• Nanogold• Red• Melting

point is about 300°C at 2.5nm

• Much more reactive

Electron Microscopy

widely-used contrast agents for biological electron microscopy.

can be attached to many traditional biological probes such as antibodies.

Particles of different sizes are easily distinguishable in electron micrographs

allows simultaneous multiple-labeling experiments.

Usage of nanogold

medical applicationsAlready used as a therapy for rheumatoid arthritis

in rats. The implantation of gold beads near arthritic hip joints in dogs to relieve pain.

combination of microwave radiation and colloidal gold can destroy the beta-amyloid fibrils and plaque which are associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Being investigated as carriers for drugs such as Paclitaxel.

Nanosized particles are particularlyIn cancer research, used to target tumors.

Usage of nanogold

health applications Gold and palladium nanoparticles can be used to break

TCE, a water contaminant, into non-toxic constituents. Glass beads hold the nanoparticles in place water is pumped through the nanoparticles from the

bottom up.

Usage of nanogold

Nano silver are nanoparticles of silverSize: silver particles between 1 nm

and 100 nm

frequently described as being 'silver' some are composed of a large

percentage of silver oxide large ratio of surface to bulk silver

atoms.

Nano silver

There is an effort to incorporate silver nanoparticles into a wide range of medical devices

bone cement, surgical instruments, surgical masks, wound dressings. treatment of HIV-1.

Silver has antibacterial properties.However as nanoparticles the antibacterial properties are

magnified as the surface area to volume ratio is increased

allows them to easily interact with and fight with bacteria

Medical uses of Silver nanoparticles

Properties:Strongest and stiffest materials yet discovered

in terms of tensile strength and elastic modulus respectively

Multi-walled nanotubes, multiple concentric nanotubes precisely nested within one another, exhibit a striking telescoping property whereby an inner nanotube core may slide, almost without friction, within its outer nanotube shell thus creating an atomically perfect linear or rotational bearing

Nano carbon

moderate semiconductor Multiwalled carbon nanotubes with

interconnected inner shells show superconductivity with a relatively high transition temperature Tc = 12 K.

Good thermal conductor

Properties of Nano carbon

Clothes and sports gear to combat jackets and space elevators Transistors which can operate at room temperature and that are capable of digital switching using a single electron Memory circuits

Paper Batteries

Uses of nano carbon

High surface energy Reactive and easy to get oxidized Easy to get burned in the open air Magnetic property, which is one kind of the

typical magnetic nano-materials

Nano iron

The iron nano-particles can keep their magnetic property with saturation magnetic induction intensity B, around 136-161 emu/g, remanent magnetic induction intensity Br around 14.8-17.4 emu/g and coercive force Hc around 290-302 Oe when the temperature goes up to 523 K.

Properties of nano iron

groundwater remediation wastewater treatment powder metallurgy fuel cell catalyst

Uses of nano iron

http://www.global-b2b-network.com/direct/dbimage/50131030/PVC_Sheets.jpg

http://www.ivanhoe.com/science/story/2008/04/418a.htmlhttp://www.nano.gov/html/facts/

nanoapplicationsandproducts.htmlhttp://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=will-

nano-particles-present-big-health-problemshttp://www.science24.com/paper/9872http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/435479282/http://www.eng.tau.ac.il/~neliaz/Papers_Files/B11_38.pdfwww.howstuffworks.comhttp://ec.europa.eu/health/opinions2/en/nanotechnologies/

l-3/5-nanoparticles-consumer-products.htm http://www.scitopics.com/Nanogold_chemistry.html

References

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