Jerusalem Calendar 2014 (A4)

8/13/2019 Jerusalem Calendar 2014 (A4)

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Link of Islamic andJewish Calendar Taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/ and http://islam.about.com/

Written by Ben Abrahamson and Joseph Katz

The Islamic or Hijra calendar is made up of 12 lunar months. Traces of Jewish

holidays like Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Pesach (Passover) and Shavout

(Pentacost) are still evident in this calendar. However, because of structural

changes in the Islamic calendar, the Jewish and Islamic celebration of those

holidays coincides only once in about 33 years.

It is known that the Jews of Arabia felt that they were the true mourners of

Zion and carried customs of mourning for the destruction of the Temple to

extremes not matched by Jews elsewhere. And we can assume that the

mourning for the Temple inuenced pre-Islamic culture to some extent. But even

so, it is surprising to nd one of the most holy days of the Islamic calendar -- the

9th of Dhu al Hijja, the Day of Arafat, the height of the Hajj pilgrimage

corresponding to the the Jewish fast day of the 9th of Av (which commemorates

the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE). And the fast of Ramadan to be based on

the Jewish Serat haOmer[5] which among other things is a time of mourning for

the hundreds of thousands killed after Bar Kochbas failed revolt in 135 CE. Although the Islamic Calendar has undergone two distinct changes

(discontinued intercalation and frozen commutation), is still possible to align the

Islamic Calendar to its Jewish counterpart.

The holidays of Ras as Sana (Rosh Hashanah) and Roz e Ashura (Yom Kippur)

can be found in Muharram, even though Safar was originally the Sacred Month.

Minor events such as the Creation of Adam and ritual bath of Erev Yom Kippur

can perhaps be found in altered form. The deletion of the month of Elul and the

commutation of Safar and Muharram could also explain a shift of Dahwul Arz

from 25 of Elul to 25 of Dhu al Qa'dah.

It is signicant that the Jewish Holidays of Succot (Feast of Tabernacles),

Purim and Chanuka cannot be found in their corresponding place. Purim and

Chanuka are post-Biblical so they could have been dropped as is the Karaitescustom today. What is interesting is that In place of Succot we nd the traditional

date of the changing of the Qiblah from Jerusalem to the Holy Kaaba. The

changing of the Qiblah marks a conscious, deliberate changing of traditional

Jewish practice. Other possible dates of the changing of Quiblah are the 15 of

Rajab and the 15 of Shabaan, corresponding to Purim and Pessach (Passover), the

former not being found and the latter being deprived of all Jewish traditional

practice. Chanuka if kept by Arabian Jews would have been eventually

overshadowed by Milaad-Un-Nabi (Prophet Mohammed's Birthday), and any

correspondence with the 25th of December and the Birth of Jesus would be

pure speculation.

Islamic Yom Kippur (?)

Hebrew Calendar

The Hebrew or Jewish calendar ( , ha'luach ha'ivri) is a lunisolar calendar used

today predominantly for Jewish religious observances. It determines the dates for

Jewish holidays and the appropriate public reading of Torah portions, yahrzeits (dates to

commemorate the death of a relative), and daily Psalm readings, among many

ceremonial uses. In Israel, it is used for religious purposes, provides a time frame for

agriculture and is an ocial calendar for civil purposes, although the latter usage has

been steadily declining in favor of the Gregorian calendar.

The calendar used by Jews has evolved over time. The

basic structural features of the early calendar are thought

to have been inuenced by the Babylonian calendar,including the seven-day week, the lunisolar intercalary

adjustment and the names of the months. Until the

Tannaitic period (approximately 10220 CE) the calendar

employed a new crescent moon, with an additional

month normally added every two or three years to correct

for the dierence between twelve lunar months and the

solar year. When to add it was based on observation of

natural agriculture-related events. Through the Amoraic

period (200500 CE) and into the Geonic period, this

system was gradually displaced by the mathematical rules

used today. The principles and rules were fully codied by

Maimonides in the Mishneh Torah in the 12th century.Maimonides' work also replaced counting "years since the

destruction of the Temple" with the modern creation-era

Anno Mundi.

Because of the roughly eleven-day dierence between twelve lunar months and

one solar year, the length of the Hebrew calendar year varies in the repeating 19-year

Metonic cycle of 235 lunar months, with the intercalary month added according to

dened rules every two or three years, for a total of seven times per 19 years. Even with

this intercalation, the average Hebrew calendar year is longer by about 6 minutes and

25+25/57 seconds than the current mean solar year, so that every 224 years, the Hebrew

calendar will fall a day behind the current mean solar year; and about every 231 years it

will fall a day behind the Gregorian calendar year.

It is He who made

the sun to be a

shining glory, and

the moon to be a

light (of beauty), and

measured out stages

for her, that ye might

know the number of

years and the count

(of time)

- Quran 10: 5



Before the deletion of Elul, the month of Cheshvan would have corresponded

with Rabi al-Awal. It is tradition Jewish practice to pray for Rain, record the

passing of the Flood, and pray if there is a drought during this month. Rabi al-

Awal too is etymologically related to rst rains.

The correspondence between Lailat al Baraat (Night of Emancipation) and

Pesach (Passover) has been mentioned above. The Serah mourning period

consists of 49 days from Pesach (Passover) to Shavuoth (Pentecost), however

there are diering customs as to the degrees of mourning during that period.

Many oriental Jews observe heightened mourning during the month of I yyar

which corresponds to Ramadhan. There is a similarity even in the Serah custom

of counting the 49 days of the Omer. In Jewish tradition each day must becounted distinctly and individually. Similar to this most of Islamic jurists think

that the intention "I will fast for this approaching month of Ramadan" is not

legally enough, since the intention to fast must be formulated each night for the

following day, i.e. "I will fast for Ramadan during this day".

The 18th of Iyyar is very interesting because until now we have assumed that

the Jewish holidays were transformed into Islamic holidays because of the

historical record attesting to the observance of these holidays hundreds of years

prior the advent of Islam. But Lag BeOmer (the Revelation of the Zohar), if it

corresponds to Lailat-el-Qadr (Revelation of the Quran) would indicate the

reverse. The Zohar was not known publicly until several hundred years after the

advent of Islam.

There seems to be a correspondence between Shavouth (Pentacost) and Eid

al Fitr, both marking the end of the mourning period. Lastly, for hundreds of years

after the destruction of the 2nd Temple, the only Jewish pilgrimage consisted of

the 9th of Av pilgrimage to the Mount of Olives to mourn over the ruins of

Jerusalem. Previous to this, the Pilgrimage to Jerusalem had always been for the

Chag Holidays of Succot (Tabernacles), Pesach (Passover) and Shavuoth

(Pentacost). It appears that due to some specic reason this Chag pilgrimage to

Jerusalem was changed to the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca.

Hijri Calendar

The Islamic calendar was rst introduced by the close companion of the Prophet, Umar

ibn Al-Khattab. During his leadership of the Muslim community, in approximately 638

A.D., he consulted with his advisors in order to come to a decision regarding the various

dating systems used at that time. It was agreed that the most appropriate reference

point for the Islamic calendar was the Hijrah, since it was an important turning point for

the Muslim community. After the emigration to Madinah (formerly known as Yathrib),

the Muslims were able to organize and establish the rst real Muslim "community," with

social, political, and economic independence. Life in Madinah allowed the Muslimcommunity to mature and strengthen, and the people developed an entire society

based on Islamic principles.

The Islamic calendar is the ocial calendar in many Muslim countries, especially

Saudi Arabia. Other Muslim countries use the Gregorian calendar for civil purposes and

only turn to the Islamic calendar for religious purposes.

The Islamic year has twelve months that are based on a lunar cycle. Allah says in the

Qur'an:

"The number of months in the sight of Allah is twelve (in a year) - so

ordained by Him the day He created the heavens and the ear th...." (9:36).

"It is He Who made the sun to be a shining glory, and the moon to be alight of beauty, and measured out stages for it, that you might know the

number of years and the count of time. Allah did not create this except intruth and righteousness. And He explains His signs in detail, for those

who understand" (10:5).

And in his nal sermon before his death, the Prophet Muhammad said, among

other things, "With Allah the months are twelve; four of them are holy; three of these are

successive and one occurs singly between the months of Jumaada and Sha'ban."

Islamic months begin at sunset of the rst day, the day when the lunar crescent is

visually sighted. The lunar year is approximately 354 days long, so the months rotate

backward through the seasons and are not xed to the Gregorian calendar. The months

of the Islamic year are : Muharram ("Forbidden" - it is one of the four months duringwhich it is forbidden to wage war or ght) , Safar ("Empty" or "Yellow") , Rabi' al-Awwal

("First spring") , Rabi' ath-Thani or Rabi' al-Akhir ("Second spring") , Jumada al-Ula

("First freeze") , Jumada ath-Thani or Jumada al-Akhir ("Second freeze") , Rajab ("To

respect" - this is another holy month when ghting is prohibited) , Sha'ban ("To spread

and distribute") , Ramadan ("Parched thirst" - this is the month of daytime fasting) ,

Shawwal ("To be light and vigorous") , Dhu al-Qa'dah ("The month of rest" - another

month when no warfare or ghting is allowed) , Dhu al-Hijjah ("The month of Hajj" - this

is the month of the annual pilgrimage to Makkah, again when no warfare or ghting is

allowed)

This calender was made just as my hobby. Its present to many

people in this world. By this calendar i just want to take a part to

spread peace among the people.

Credit to : National Geographic for the photos of Jerusalem. Saudi

Aramco for the design layout of the calendar. Chabad Jewish

Calendar 5774 and www.hebcal.com for the Hebrew Calendar.

And various webs for their articles : www.alsadiqin.org ;

www.wikipedia.org ; and www.about.islam.com . It should be noted to o that the Islamic calendar was adapted from Indonesian Islamic Calendar and

National Holidays. Thanks for using this calendar, may God bless us all. aamiin

Husada Tsalitsa Mardiansyahwww.khatit.com

www.karyahusadatm.blogspot.com



January Safar - Rabi al-Awwal 1435Tevat - Shevat 5774

Rabi al-Akhir 1435 Adar I 5774February

Notes: Notes:

1 2929 2 30

1 3 12 4 2

3

8 67 9 7

8 10 89 11 9

10

15 1314 16 14

15 17 1516 18 16

17

22 2021 23 21

22 24 2223 25 23

24

29 2728 30 28

29 31 293028 26

27

5 34 6 4

5 7 56

12 1011 13 11

12 14 1213

19 1718 20 18

19 21 1920

26 2425 27 25

26

1

2 3 4 85 6 7

9 10 11 1512 13 14

16 17 18 2219 20 21

23 24 25 2826 27

11

22

77

88

1414

1515

2121

2222

2828

2727

44

55

66

1111

1212

1313

1818

1919

2020

2525

2626

33

99

1010

1616

1717

2323

2424

7

8

1

15

22

29

9

2

16

23

30

10

3

17

24

31

11

4

18

25

12

5

19

26

13

6

20

27

14

21

28

29

2013

1

2

9

16

23

30

3

10

17

24

31

4

11

18

25

5

12

19

26

6

13

20

27

7

14

21

28

8

15

22

O Allh, perfume his noble grave / with the fragrant

scent of blessings and peace. O Allh, honour, bestow

peace, and shower blessings upon him and his family

- Jafar b. asan al-Barzanj, Mawlid al-Barzanj

Lord, now lettest Thou Thy servant depart in peace;

according to Thy word: for mine eyes have seen Thy

salvation, which Thou hast prepared before the face of all

people:

- Luke 2:29-32

Mawlid an-Nabi Tu bShevat Purim Katan Shushan Purim K.

Epiphany

New Years Day

Present. of Jesus



March Rabi al-Akhir - Jumada al-Ula 1435 Adar I - Adar II 5774

Jumada al-Akhir 1435Nisan 5774 April

And Parshandatha, and Dalphon, and Aspatha, Poratha,

and Adalia, and Aridatha, and Parmashta, and Arisai,

and Aridai, and Vaizatha;

- Esther 9: 7 10

In the rst month, on the fourteenth day of the month

between the two evenings is the LORD's Passover. And on

the fteenth day of the same month is the feast of

unleavened bread unto the LORD;

- Torah, Leviticus 23: 5

Notes:

1

2 3 4 85 6 7

9 10 11 1512 13 14

16 17 18 2219 20 21

23 24 25 2826 27

Ash Wednesday

Notes:

33

1010

1616

1717

2323

2424

2 322 4

9 1099 11

16 17 18

23 24 25

30 3030

544

55

121111

1212

191818

1919

262525

2626

New Years Day

29

30 31

2929

3030

5 6

12 13

19 20

2625

2 3 4

9 10 11

16 1719

18

23 24

1

7 8

14 15

21 22 27

28 29

5 62 3 41

12 13

19 20

2625

9 10 11

16 18

23 24

7 8

14 15

21 22 27

28 29

1

8

15

22

2928

6 7

13 14

20 21

27

77

1414

2121

2828

2727

66

1313

2020

11

88

1515

2222

2929

1

2

9

16

23

3

10

17

24

4

11

18

25

5

12

19

26

6

13

20

27

7

14

21

28

8

15

22

3

4

11

18

25

5

12

19

26

6

13

20

27

7

14

21

28

8

1

15

22

29

9

2

16

23

30

10

17

24

31

Taanit Eshter

Shushan PurimPurim

Shrove Tuesday

1st Sunday in Lent

2nd Sunday in Lent

3rd Sunday in Lent

Annunciation

P as so ve r, 1 st D ay P as so ve r, 2 nd D ay P as so ve r, 3 rd D ay P as so ve r, 4 th D ay P as so ve r, 5 th D ay

Pas so ver, 6 th D ay Pas so ver, 7 th D ay

1st Seder 2nd Seder

Passover, 8th Day

Yom haShoah

Passion Sunday

Palm Sunday

Maundy Thursday G ood Friday Holy Saturday

Easter Day



May Rajab - Shaban 1435Iyar - Sivan 5774

After he had spoken unto them, was received up into

heaven, and sat down at the right hand of God.

- Mark 16: 19

Notes:

Shaban - Ramadan 1435Sivan - Tammuz 5774June

And thou shalt observe the feast of weeks, even of the

rst-fruits of wheat harvest, and the feast of ingathering

at the turn of the year.

- Torah, Exodus 34: 22

Notes:

1616

2323

99

3030

8

15

22

29

28

6 7

13 14

20 21

27

77

1414

2121

2828

2727

66

1313

2020

88

1515

2222

2929

33

1010

1616

1717

2323

2424

2 322

4 9 1099

11 16 17

18 23 24

25 30 11

544

55

121111

1212

191818

1919

262525

2626

1

8

15

22

2928

6 7

13 14

20 21

27

77

1414

2121

2828

2727

66

1313

2020

11

88

1515

2222

2929 31 2

2

1 2 3 4

9 10 11

16 17 18

23 24 25

30

33

1010

1717

2424

44

55

1111

1212

1818

1919

2525

2626

5

12

19

26

11

22

5

6

13

20

27

7

14

21

28

8

1

15

22

29

9

2

16

23

30

10

3

17

24

11

4

18

25

12

19

26

5

6

13

20

27

7

14

21

28

8

1

15

22

29

9

2

16

23

30

10

3

17

24

31

11

4

18

25

12

19

26

Pesach Sheni

Lag bOmer

Yom HaZikaron

Yom YerushalayimIsraMiraj Ascension Day

S ha vu ot 1 st D ay S ha vu ot 2 nd D ay I sru Ch ag

Pentecost

Corpus Christi

Lailat al-Baraa

Ramadan Start



July Ramadan - Shawwal 1435Tammuz - Menachem Av 5774

The month of Ramadan is that in which was revealed the

Quran; a guidance for mankind, and clear proofs of the

guidance, and the criterion (of right and wrong).

- Quran , Albaqarah:185

Shawwal - Dhu al-Qadah 1435Menachem Av - Elul 5774 August

How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people!

How is she become as a widow! She that was great

among the nations, and princess among the provinces,

how is she become tributary!

- Lamentations 1: 1

Notes:

Notes:

2 3 4

9 10 11

16 17 18

23 24 25

30

5

12

19

26

1

8

15

22

2928

6 7

13 14

20 21

27 31

33

1010

1616

1717

2323

2424

99

11

44

55

1111

1212

1818

1919

2525

2626

77

1414

2121

2828

2727

66

1313

2020

88

1515

2222

2929

22

33

44

2

3 4 9

10 11 16

17 18 23

24 25 30

5

12

19

26

1

8

15

22

2928

6 7

13 14

20 21

27

31

1010

1616

1717

2323

2424

99

3030

55

1111

1212

1818

1919

2525

2626

77

1414

2121

2828

2727

66

1313

2020

88

1515

2222

2929

11

22

33

44

55

7

8

1

15

22

29

9

2

16

23

30

10

3

17

24

11

4

18

25

12

5

19

26

13

6

20

27

14

21

28

6

7

14

21

28

8

1

15

22

29

9

2

16

23

30

10

3

17

24

11

4

18

25

12

5

19

26

13

20

27

Tzom Tammuz

Nuzul al-Quran

Yaum al-Quds

Eid al-FItr

Tisha bAv Transguration



September Dhu al-Qadah - Dhu al-Hijjah 1435

Elul 5774 - Tishrei 5775

Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee; blessed art

thou amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy

womb, Jesus.

- Hail Maria

Dhu al-Hijjah 1435 - Muharram 1436

Tishrei - Cheshvan 5775October

This is my exchange, this is my substitute, this is my

expiation. This chicken shall go to death and I shall

proceed to a good, long life and peace.

- Prayer of Kapparot

Notes:

2 3 4

9 10 11

16 17 18

23 24 25

30

5

12

19

26

1

8

15

22

2928

6

7 13

14 20

21 27 23

1010

1616

1717

2323

2424

99

301

34

45

1111

1212

1818

1919

2525

2626

77

1414

2121

2828

2727

66

1313

2020

88

1515

2222

2929

12

56

55

77

66

Notes:

1 2 3 4

8

67

9

78

10

89

11

910

15

1314

16

1415

17

1516

18

1617

22

2021

23

2122

24

2223

25

2324

29

2728

30

2829

31

2930

28

2627

5 6 7

12

1011

13

1112

14

1213

19

1718

20

1819

21

1920

26

2425

27

2526

11

22

33

44

Yom HaZikaron

2

3

10

17

24

4

11

18

25

5

12

19

26

6

13

20

27

7

14

21

28

8

1

15

22

29

9

16

23

30

31

1

2

9

16

23

3

10

17

24

4

11

18

25

5

12

19

26

6

13

20

27

7

14

21

28

8

15

22

29

30

Er uv Ta vsh ili n Ro sh ha Sh an ah

Tzom Gedaliah

Birth of Mary

Yom Kippur

Su kko t, 1 st D ay Su kk ot, 2n d D ay Su kko t, 3 rd D ay

Sukkot, 4th Day Sukkot, 5th Day Sukkot, 6th Day Hoshana Rabba Shemini Atzeret Si mchat Torah

Yaum Arafah

Yaum Tarwiyah

Eid al-Adha

Ras as-Sanah



November Chesvan - Kislev 5775 Kislev - Tevet 5775December

This is a good day, this is the day when Allah saved the

Children of Israel from their enemy and Musa (Moses)

fasted on this day. So he fasted on this day and told the

people to fast.

- Sahih Bukhari Book 31 Hadith 222

Notes:

Muharram - Safar 1436

Notes:

1

2 3 4 85 6 7

9 10 11 1512 13 14

16 17 18 2219 20 21

23 24 25 2826 27

8

8

14

14

15

15

21

21

22

22

28

28

27

27

11

11

12

12

13

13

18

18

19

19

20

20

25

25

26

26

9

9

10

10

16

16

17

17

23

23

24

24

29

29

29

5

6

6

7

2

3

3

4

4

5

30

1

1

2

30 7

8

Safar - Rabi al-Awwal 1436

1 2 3 4

8 9 10 11

15 16 17 18

22 23 24 25

29 30 3128

5 6

7 12 13

14 19 20

21 26 27

12

13

13

14

19

20

20

21

26

27

25

26

9

10

10

11

11

12

16

17

17

18

18

19

23

24

24

25

8

9

14

15

15

16

21

22

22

23

27

28

4

4

5

5

1

1

2

2

3

3

28

29

29

30

8

8

9

9

6

6

7

7

4

5

12

19

26

6

13

20

27

7

14

21

28

8

1

15

22

29

9

2

16

23

30

10

3

17

24

31

11

18

25

3

4

11

18

25

5

12

19

26

6

13

20

27

7

14

21

28

8

1

15 22

29

9

2

16

23

30

10

17

24

31

2014

Chanukah, 1st Day Chanukah, 2nd Day Chanukah, 3rd Day Chanukah, 4th Day

Chanukah, 5th Day Chanukah, 6th Day Chanukah, 7th Day Chanukah, 8th Day

Yaum AshuraYaum Tasua

1st Sdy of Advent

2nd Sdy of Advent

3rd Sdy of Advent

4th Sdy of Advent

Christmas Day

We light these lights for the miracles and the wonders,

for the redemption and the battles that you made for our

forefathers, in those days at this season, through your

holy priests.

- Hymn of Hanerot Halalu

Jerusalem Calendar 2014 (A4)

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