Jeroen Stuyts Wouter Vandermeulen
Transcript of Jeroen Stuyts Wouter Vandermeulen
Jeroen Stuyts
Wouter Vandermeulen
Introduction
Powering the plane
Electrical system design
Testing the drives
Trajectory reoptimization
Conclusion
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Introduction
Powering the plane
Electrical system design
Testing the drives
Trajectory reoptimization
Conclusion
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Wind energy through◦ Flying object
◦ High altitude
◦ Cheap construction
Makani Power SkySails
Introduction
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Introduction
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Introduction
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Introduction
Designing, selecting, purchasing and testing◦ Power electronics for the winch motor
◦ Power electronics for the carousel motor
◦ A petrol powered generator
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Introduction
Designing, selecting, purchasing and testing◦ Carousel drive
◦ Winch drive
◦ Plane power electronics
◦ Overall electrical system
Stuyts, J., Horn, G., Vandermeulen, W., Driesen, J., & Diehl, M. (2015). Effect of the Electrical Energy Conversion on Optimal Cycles for Pumping Airborne Wind Energy. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 5 (1), 2-11. doi:10.1109/TSTE.2014.2349071
Stuyts, J., Geebelen, K., Vandermeulen, W., Driesen, J., & Diehl, M. (2015). Electrical Energy Conversion System for an Experimental Pumping Airborne Wind Energy Set-up. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. under review
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Introduction
Drive = motor + motor controller / convertor
Winch motor◦ Controls the tether
◦ Generates power
Carousel motor◦ Rotates the carousel
◦ Required for launching
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Introduction
Carousel motor
Winch motor
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Introduction
Introduction
Powering the plane
Electrical system design
Testing the drives
Trajectory reoptimization
Conclusion
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Power for onboard electronics
Power for servos
AC connection◦ Power connection
◦ PLC (power line communication)
Onboard battery◦ Back-up
◦ Tether cut possible
Powering the plane
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Powering the plane
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Powering the plane
Introduction
Powering the plane
Electrical system design
Testing the drives
Trajectory reoptimization
Conclusion
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𝑇𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 80 Nm
𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 1000 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 8 𝑘𝑊
Fast response time
Lightweight
Holding torque
Encoder
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→Permanent magnet synchronous machine
Electrical system design
𝑇𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 400 𝑁𝑚
𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 100 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 4 𝑘𝑊
Simple
Robust
Encoder
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→Induction machine
Electrical system design
Weather proofing
Grid connection
Sliprings
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Electrical system design
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Electrical system design
Drive
PLCWired
SwitchesReceiver
Wireless Remote
Main Control Software
Human Inputs
Pro
fiN
et
UD
P
Analog UHF FM
BeagleBoneHuman Inputs Human Inputs
Sensor Data
UDP
Analog
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Electrical system design
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Electrical system design
Mechanical safety◦ Don’t be near!
Operational safety◦ Intentional procedure
◦ Emergency switches
Electrical safety◦ RCDs
◦ MCDs
1A – DIFF1
∆300mA
3A - Main
Switch
L1 L2 L3 N
1C – MCB1
32A
2A – MCB2
2A
2B – DIFF2
∆30mA
2C – MCB3
10A
2D – MCB4
2A
3G – PLC
Switch
4B - Power
Supply 1
4C - Power
Supply 2
3M - Voltage
3R
Beagleboxes
3K – Danger
3J – Arm
Motors
2E –
Relay3
1E
Relay2
1D –
Relay1
PLC – DOa7
PLC – DOa6
3H – Motor
Drive
3I - Plane
3M – Tether
3B
3D & 3O
3E5 & 3F5
Sockets
On Back
3E & 3F
3B
4D & 4E &
4F & FG
3 Phase
400V Grid
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Electrical system design
1
1A 1B 1C 1D 1E
2A 2B 2C 2D 2E
3A 3B 3C 3D 3E 3F 3G 3H 3I 3J 3R 3K 3L 3M 3N 3O 3P3Q
4B 4C 4D 4E 4F 4G
5B5A
EC - Outgoing
Cable Duct
Cable Duct
Cable Duct
Cable Duct
Cable Duct
Cab
le D
uct
4A
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Electrical system design
1
Cable Duct
Cable Duct
Ba
ck-u
pC
ab
le D
uct
6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F 6G
Basic Line Filter
ResistorActive
Interface
Module
Control
Unit
Active
Line
Module
Motor
Module
1
6H 6I 6J 6K
Motor
Module
2
Braking
Module
1
Cab
le D
uct
Cable Duct
Cable Duct
Cable Duct7A 7B 7C 7D 7E 7F 7G 7H 7I 7J
Main Computer
First Aid Kit
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Electrical system design
Introduction
Powering the plane
Electrical system design
Testing the drives
Trajectory reoptimization
Conclusion
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Testing the drives
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Testing the drives
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Testing the drives
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Testing the drives
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Testing the drives
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Testing the drives
Introduction
Powering the plane
Electrical system design
Testing the drives
Trajectory reoptimization
Conclusion
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Adding drive efficiency
Adding motor constraints
Comparing results:
Before After
Optimized trajectoryfor mechanical energy
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Optimized trajectoryfor electrical energy
Trajectory reoptimization
Smooth curve required
Power loss calculation
Least squares solution for measurements
𝑃𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐 = 𝑎0 𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3 ⋅
1𝜔𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ2
T𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ2
𝜔mech ⋅ T𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ
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Trajectory reoptimization
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Trajectory reoptimization
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Trajectory reoptimization
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Trajectory reoptimization
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Trajectory reoptimization
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At high wind speed (10m/s) without constraints → trend
1 𝑘𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 → 2 𝑘𝑊𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
Trajectory reoptimization
Optimizing with drive efficiency◦ Enables higher electrical output power
◦ Enables a wider operating range
Consider drive dimensioning
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Trajectory reoptimization
Introduction
Powering the plane
Electrical system design
Testing the drives
Trajectory reoptimization
Conclusion
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Electrical system design◦ Dimensioning
◦ Selecting drives
◦ Electrical architecture
◦ Safety
Operation◦ Prioritize control
◦ Safety
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Conclusion
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