Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add...

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Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next day, Jeremy asks his science teacher “How does adding salt to water affect the way it boils?” They plan an experiment to find out the answer. The following graph summarizes Jeremy’s findings. List all of the materials and equipment that Jeremy would have to use in his experiment.

Transcript of Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add...

Page 1: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next day, Jeremy asks his science teacher “How does adding salt to water affect the way it boils?” They plan an experiment to find out the answer. The following graph summarizes Jeremy’s findings.

List all of the materials and equipment that Jeremy would have to use in his experiment.

Page 2: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Using Jeremy’s experiment, identify:

1. the independent variable.

2. the dependent variable.

3. the experimental control group.

4. Jeremy’s probable conclusion.

Page 3: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Which formula represents a molecular compound?(1) HI (3) KCl(2) KI (4) LiCl

Page 4: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Which type of matter is composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed proportion?(1) solution(2) compound(3) homogeneous mixture(4) heterogeneous mixture

Page 5: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

EX 1: Convert 1006051 to scientific notation.

1006051Decimal will move here

The natural decimal point

is here

1.006051 x 1066 because the decimal moved 6 times

Page 6: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Determine the number of protons, neutrons, electrons,

and the mass number

Zn6530

2+

Page 7: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

30 protons, 35 neutrons, 28

electrons, mass number = 65

Page 8: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

EX 2: Convert 0.0052300 to scientific notation.

0 0052300Decimal will move here

The natural decimal point

is here

5.2300 x 10-3

Negative because the original number is less than 1 and 3 because the decimal moved 3 times

Page 9: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

EX: Determine the number of significant figures in a) 4b) 4.0c) 40d) 0.0400e) 4004f) 0.0004

12

1

341

Page 10: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Practice

EX 1: Determine the number of significant figures in:

a) 2b) 5.0c) 10d) 0.0400e) 8005f) 3.00 x 103

121

343

Page 11: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

EX 2: Convert each of the values into scientific notation while retaining the same number of sig figs

a) 60000 b) 20 c) 4004d) 0.0900

6 x 104

2 x 101

4.004 x 103

9.00 x 10-2

Page 12: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Lets practice together…

Round the following numbers to 3 sig figsa) 51.234b) 51.38c) 51.3587d) 51,358e) 0.050554

51.2

51.451.4

51,400

0.0506

Or 5.12 x 101

Or 5.14 x 101

Or 5.14 x 101

Or 5.14 x 104

Or 5.06 x 10-2

Page 13: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

YOUR Practice

• EX: Round the following numbers to 3 sig figsa) 51.234 51.2b) 51.38c) 51.3587d) 51,358e) 0.050554f) 5,135,593

51.2

51,400

51.4

0.0506

51.4

5,140,000

Page 14: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Example:

It is expected that you will always report all sig figs on any laboratory

reading!

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2.8

Page 15: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Example:

It is expected that you will always report all sig figs on any laboratory

reading!

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2.71

Page 16: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Which Lewis electron-dot diagram representscalcium oxide?

Page 17: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Explain which of the following represent pure substances and which represent mixtures.

Page 18: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Practice

1) 22.101 mL – 0.9307 mL =

2) 2.5 g / 3.42 g = 3) 2.33 cm x 6.085 cm x 2.1 cm

= 4) 23.1 in + 4.77 in + 125.39 in +

3.581 in =

21.170 mL0.73 g

30. cm3

156.8 in

Page 19: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

• EX: 37.24 mL + 10.3 mL =

• 27.87 g – 2.2342 g =

47.5 mL

25.64 g

Page 20: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Rules for Math Operations with Significant Figures

Addition and Subtraction

Ex. 37.24mL

+ 10.3 mL

47.54mL

Reported as 47.5mL

Page 21: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Rules for Math Operations with Significant Figures

Addition and Subtraction

Ex. 27.87 g

- 21.2342 g

6.6358 g

Reported as 6.64g

Page 22: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

2. Multiplication and Division

• The measurement with the fewest sig figs determines the number of sig figs in the answer

• EX: 12.34 cm X 0.23 cm = 2.8 cm2

Page 23: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Practice

• 2. Determine the number of g in 0.03455 kg

want given

0.03455 kg

1000 g g1 kg

= 34.61

Relationship1000g = 1kg

Start with what’s given

Page 24: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

1.06 qt.

• Ex. 2 Convert 323 mL to cups

wantgiven

323 mL 1 L

cups

1000 mL

= 1.37

1

Relationships1000 mL = 1L

1L = 1.06 quarts

1 quart = 4 cups

Start with what’s given

1 L 1 qt.

4 cups

Page 25: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

2.54 cm

• Practice 1: Convert 7.005 ft to mm

wantgiven

7.005 ft12 in

mm

1 ft

= 2135

1

Relationships1 foot = 12 inches

2.54cm = 1 in

100 cm = 1 m

1 m = 1000 mmStart with what’s given

1 in 100 cm1 m 1000

mm1 m

Page 26: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

1 hr

• EX 1: Convert 0.083 km/h to m/s

wantgiven

0.083km 1000m

m/s

1 km

= 2.31 X 10-2

1hr

Relationships1km = 1000m

1h = 60 min

1 min = 60 s

Start with what’s given

60 min 60 s1 min

Page 27: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

1 ft

• 1. Convert 3.56 cm/s to ft/h

wantgiven

3.56 cm1 in

ft/hr

2.54 cm

= 420

1 s

Relationships2.54 cm = 1 in

12 in = 1 ft

60 s = 1 min

1 hr = 60 min

Start with what’s given

12 in 1 min

60 s

1 hr

60 min

Page 28: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

1 ft

• 2. Convert $25.00/feet to cents/cm

wantgiven

$ 25.00100 cents

cents/cm

$1

= 82.0

1 ft

Relationships$1 = 100 cents

2.54 cm = 1 in

12 in = 1 ft

Start with what’s given

12 in 2.54 cm

1 in

Page 29: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Determine the number of centimeters in 1.76 kilometers

(Show all dimensional analysis.)

Page 30: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Determine the number of inches in 697 mm.

Note: 2.54 cm = 1 inch(Show all dimensional analysis.)

Page 31: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Determine the number of atoms in 5.20 moles of C6H12 .

(Show all dimensional analysis.)

Page 32: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

How many significant figures do the following numbers contain?

A) 4,250.00

B) 4040

C) 0.009

D) 325.08

E) 6.02 x 1023

Page 33: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Find the answer to the following using the correct number of significant figures.

A) 4,250.38 + 25.1

B) 4040 x 32

Page 34: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Read the following to the correct number of significant figures.

Page 35: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Which statement describes a chemical property of bromine?(1) Bromine is soluble in water.(2) Bromine has a reddish-brown color.(3) Bromine combines with aluminum to

produce AlBr3.(4) Bromine changes from a liquid to a

gas at 332 K and 1 atm.

Page 36: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

An atom of aluminum in the ground state and an atom of gallium in the ground state have the same - (1) mass(2) electronegativity(3) total number of protons(4) total number of valence

electrons

Page 37: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

In an atom of argon-40, the number of protons – (1) equals the number of electrons(2) equals the number of neutrons(3) is less than the number of

electrons(4) is greater than the number of

electrons

Page 38: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Which type of substance can conduct electricity in the liquid phase but not in the solid phase?(1) ionic compound(2) molecular compound(3) metallic element(4) nonmetallic element

Page 39: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Why is a molecule of CO2 nonpolar even though the bonds between the carbon atom and the oxygen atoms are polar?(1) The shape of the CO2 molecule is

symmetrical.(2) The shape of the CO2 molecule is asymmetrical.(3) The CO2 molecule has a deficiency of electrons.(4) The CO2 molecule has an excess of electrons.

Page 40: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

The relatively high boiling point of water is due to water having- (1) hydrogen bonding(2) metallic bonding(3) nonpolar covalent bonding(4) strong ionic bonding

Page 41: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Matter is classified as a - (1) substance, only(2) substance or as a mixture of substances(3) homogenous mixture, only(4) homogenous mixture or as a heterogeneous mixture

Page 42: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Which substance can not be decomposed by a chemical change?(1) ammonia (3) propanol(2) copper (4) water

Page 43: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

A beaker contains both alcohol and water. These liquids can be separated by distillationbecause the liquids have different

(1) boiling points (3) particle sizes(2) densities (4) solubilities

Page 44: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

A sample of an element is malleable and can conduct electricity. This element could be - (1) H (3) S(2) He (4) Sn

Page 45: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Identify the element in Period 3 of the Periodic Table that reacts with

oxygen to forman ionic compound represented by

the formula X2O.

Page 46: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Based on data collected during a laboratory investigation, a student determined an

experimental value of 322 joules per gram for the heat of fusion of H2O. Calculate the

student’s percent error. Your response must include a correct numerical setup and the

calculated result.

Page 47: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Calculate the density of a 129.5-gram sample of bronze that has a

volume of 14.8 cubiccentimeters. Your response must include a correct numerical setup

and the calculatedresult.

8.75 g/cm3

Page 48: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Atomic StructureQuestions

Answers

Page 49: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an ion of magnesium with a 2+ charge

and a mass number of 25.

Page 50: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

p+ = 12n0 = 13e- = 10

Page 51: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

True or False?

Elements cannot be created, divided,

or destroyed

Page 52: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

False

Elements can be divided

(particle accelerators/atom smashers)

Page 53: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Determine the element’s identity:

Element – 28 92.23%Element – 29 4.67%Element – 30 3.10%

Relative Abundance

Page 54: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Silicon

Page 55: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

The Gold Foil experiment resulted in the discovery of

the ______

Page 56: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Nucleus!

Page 57: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Europium has two naturally-occurring isotopes: europium-

151 with an abundance of 47.82% and europium-153 with

an abundance of 52.18%. Determine the average atomic

mass for europium.

Page 58: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

152.0436 amu

Page 59: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Who developed the plum pudding

model?

Page 60: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

JJ Thompson

Page 61: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

How can you determine the mass

number?

Page 62: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Protons + neutrons

Page 63: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

What is fluorine’s most abundant

isotope?

Page 64: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Fluorine - 19

Page 65: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

All atoms of an element are

________ from another element

Page 66: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

All atoms of an element are

different from another element

Page 67: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Who discovered the electron?

Page 68: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

JJ Thompson

Page 69: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and the

mass number

H31

Page 70: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

1 proton, 2 neutrons, mass

number = 3

Page 71: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

If 3 protons could be removed from the nucleus of an Nitrogen atom,

what nucleus remains?

Page 72: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Beryllium7p – 3p = 4p

Page 73: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Determine which element has a mass number of 45 and has 14

neutrons.

Page 74: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Gallium

Page 75: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom of silicon-29.

Page 76: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

protons = 14neutrons = 15 electrons = 14

Page 77: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Write the isotope for the element given that it has 12 protons and 14 neutrons. Show the isotope

in both ways.

Page 78: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Magnesium – 26

Mg2612

Page 79: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

What part of the atom takes up the most amount of

space?

Page 80: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

electrons

Page 81: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

What element is used as the

standard for atomic mass units?

Page 82: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

carbon

Page 83: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

The end of an electron configuration says 4d4. What element is represented?

Page 84: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

What does n represent?

Page 85: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

Why can’t we have two up spins next to each other?

Page 86: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

What is the roman numeral of the group found at np3?

Page 87: Jeremy decides to make some Macaroni and Cheese from a box. He notices the directions ask him to add salt to water before bringing it to a boil. The next.

How many orbitals have electrons in the configuration:

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

***hint***you probably want to write out the orbital notation.


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