Jeopardy Rules Teams: Raise your hand to be called upon. Each team takes turns, alternating between...
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Transcript of Jeopardy Rules Teams: Raise your hand to be called upon. Each team takes turns, alternating between...
Jeopardy RulesTeams:Raise your hand to be called upon.Each team takes turns, alternating between teams.The same person can not answer twice in a row.
•Everyone keeps their own score on the score sheet provided.
•Click on the Star at the bottom right corner for Double Jeopardy.
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Only 10% of the usable energy is transferred because usable energy lost
as heat (2nd law), not all biomass is digested & absorbed, predators expend
energy to catch prey .
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A large distinct terrestrial region having similar climate, soil, plants &
animals.
Name 4 out of the 8
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Development of communities in a lifeless area not previously
inhabited by life (lava)
&
Life progresses where soil remains (clear cut forest, fire)
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R strategist:
Elephants, humans, cougarLow biotic potentialRely on learningLong gestationLower population growth
Insects, fish, frogsShort livesHigh bio potentialHigh reproductive rateRely on instinct
K strategist:
1. 1st & 2nd most populated countries: 2. World Population: 3. US Population: 4. Most important thing affecting population growth.
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Answer any 3 of the 4 above.
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1. China & India 2. 6 . 5 Billion 3. 300 Million 4. Low status of woman
* Rule of 7070 divided by the percent
growth rate Ex: 70/2%=35 years
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(Examples: H2O, CO2, O3, methane (CH4), Nitous oxide (NO2) & CFC’s)
(EFFECT: they trap outgoing infrared (heat) energy causing earth to warm
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Industry & Transportation Carbon oxides: (Source: auto exhaust, incomplete combustion) (Effects: CO binds to hemoglobin reducing bloods ability to carry O2. CO2 contributes to global warming) (Reduction: catalytic converter, emission testing, oxygenated fuel, mass transit)
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Rising sea level (thermal expansion), extreme weather, droughts (famine), extinctions, melting of the polar ice caps.
Protocals:1. Controlling global warming by setting greenhouse gas emissions targets for developed countries
2. Phase out of ozone deleting substances
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Kyoto , Japan
&
Montreal, Canada CFC”S
Global Warming
The Best Soil Type –The Best Soil Type –
40% silt,40 % sand & 20 % clay.40% silt,40 % sand & 20 % clay.
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In arid regions, water evaporates leaving salts behind.
& Degradation of land in arid and dry sub-
humid areas, resulting primarily from anthropogenic , natural activities and
influenced by climatic variations.
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Conservation tillage, Crop rotation, Cover Crops
Contour plowing,Terracing, Wind Breaks,
Alley Cropping , Organic fertilizers
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TWO- Parts
Part 1- ___________ Revolution usually refers to the transformation of agriculture that began in 1945.
Part 2. One of the two acts created to prevent soil degradation.
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Deforestation
CharcoalLumberPasturesPlantations- Cash CropsHuman Settlement.
Loss of carbon dioxide (CO2) up take and when tree rot they produce CO2 * Soil erosion * Silting of water courses, lakes and dams .* Extinction of species * Desertification
Environmental Impact Statements must be done
before any project affecting federal lands can be started
(NEPA) - 1970
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National Environmental Policy Act:
Multiple uses US public land: National Forest & National
Resource lands
Moderately restricted use land: National Wildlife Refuges
Restricted Use lands: National Parks, National
Wilderness Preservation System (Sanctuaries)
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As lakes become more nutrient rich from run As lakes become more nutrient rich from run off of fertilizers and detergents which add off of fertilizers and detergents which add
nitrogen and phosphorus to the lakes a nitrogen and phosphorus to the lakes a process called _______ may occur.process called _______ may occur.
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FISHERY - The BLUE REVOLUTION
1. Three Forms of Fishing.
2. Creatures caught unintentionally.
3. One law that protects Marine Life.
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1. Long line, Drift “gill” net, Sonar, Trawlers, Purse seine.
2. By Catch
3. Magnuson Fishery Act- Over fishiing, ESA, CITES.
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Along with population , __________ , (abundance of property) , technology and underlying sociopolitical factors are underlying factors that affect the
environment.
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Examples of diseases of affluence include: type 2 diabetes, coronary
heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease,
obesity, certain forms of cancer, asthma, alcoholism, depression.
Affluence
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The meaning of the following two acronyms in reference to
land development.
NIMBY &
BANANA
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NIMBY (not in my backyard)
BANANA Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere Near
Anything (or Anyone)
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Environmental World Views
Which world view is represented by this view? “Most important species but should care for the rest of nature”
Planetary Management
Stewardship
Environmental Wisdom
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Planetary Management- we are in charge of nature.
Stewardship- care for nature.
Environmental Wisdom – nature exist for all species.
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_____________________ Ecology is the science of inventing,
establishing and maintaining new habitats to conserve species
diversity in places where people live, work or play.
* changing for the better a relationship
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Reconciliation EcologyReconciliation Ecology
Conservation: Conservation: allows the use of resources allows the use of resources in a responsible manner. in a responsible manner.
Preservation: Preservation: setting aside areas & setting aside areas &
protecting them from human activitiesprotecting them from human activities..
Utilitarianism is the belief that something is right if it produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people for the longest time.
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A dilemma in which multiple individuals acting independently in their own self-interest can ultimately destroy a shared limited resource even when it is clear that it is not in anyone's long term interest for this to happen.
* Give two examples of a “Global Common”.
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1. Type of mining that is cheaper & can remove more minerals, less hazardous to workers.
2. Give 2 examples
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Steps in coal formation:
a.anthracite ,peat, lignite, bituminous, b.lignite, bituminous, anthracite peat,,c. peat, bituminous. lignite,, anthracited. peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite
After ore is mined , the unusable part ( ______ ) that remains is placed in piles called _________.
A. Waste , OverburdenB. Spoil, Seam WasteC. Leachate , TailingsD. Spoil , Tailings
_______ % of water pollution in the US come from soil erosion, atmospheric deposition and
* surface run off.
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25 % , 33 % 55% , 75 %
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75% 95% of water pollution in developing countries come from raw sewage .(high population growth without the money for treatment plants)
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___________________ Act: set maximum permissible amounts of water pollutants that can be discharged into waterways..aim to make surface waters swimmable and fishable.
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Clean Water Act
1.5 billion people lack access to clean drinking water and 3 billion people lack good sanitation need to prevent communicable diseases from spreading.
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• _______________ pollution sources
(e.g., factories, sewage treatment plants, mines, oil wells, oil tankers)
(* Identifiable)
Sources Sources of Pollutionof Pollution
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•Nonpoint sources (e.g., acid deposition, substances picked up in runoff, seepage into groundwater)
•Agriculture is largest source of water pollution in the U.S. (64% of pollutants into streams and 57% of pollutants entering lakes
Point Sources
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1. Any water bearing layer in the ground.
2. Near the coast, over pumping of groundwater causes saltwater to move into the aquifer.
GROUND WATER
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Primary (mechanical process) – filters out debris through screens and by allowing it to settle out in a settling tank
Secondary (biological process) – uses aerobic and anaerobic bacteria to remove organic wastes, includes: trickling filters, activated sludge process (where bacteria degrades wastes) Combined w/primary, get out: most suspended particles, oxygen demanding wastes, toxic metal compounds, and SOME phosphates and nitrates…
Tertiary (chemical process) – very costly, uses membranes for: reverse osmosis, microfiltration, ultrafiltration After the last process, water is bleached w/chlorine to disinfect and then released…
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An appliance operates at 120 volts and 10.0 amps for 1 hour. How many watt hours does it use in
that hour? ( Watt-hours = volts x amps x time )
(A) 1.2 watt hours(B) 12 watt hours(C) 100 watt hours(D) 110 watt hours(E). 1200 watt hours
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1 Watt = 1 J / sec(Watts = Joules/time)
Watts (x) Time= kWh kilo=1000
If you see Kw-hr, that is a measure of ENERGY (if you want to convert JOULES to WATTS, you need to divide it
by TIME)
* Use exponential units when possible.
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HYBRID
Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards
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OIL-World reserves and global demandSaudi Arabia – 26% - MOST, then Iraq, Kuwait, Iran…13 countries w/the most reserves make up OPEC – setprices (many are located in unstable areas of the worldUS uses the most – 26%, then Japan, then China.
COAL- World reserves – US (biggest, 66%), then Russia, China have largest supply Global demand – world’s most abundant fossil fuel – 225y at current rate.
NATURAL GAS- “cleanest”World reserves – 42% in Russia and Kazakhstan, then Iran, Qatar. Global demand – 125y of potential reserves
Wind- Wind- fastest growing source of energy. Solar- Heat & PhotovoltaicSolar- Heat & PhotovoltaicGeothermal- Heat from the earth.Geothermal- Heat from the earth.Hydroelectric-Dams, Tides, WavesHydroelectric-Dams, Tides, WavesBiofuels- Corn , Soy beans.Biofuels- Corn , Soy beans.Hydrogen Fuel Cells- “future”Hydrogen Fuel Cells- “future”
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In addition to CO2, these are two of the main emissions from coal-
fired power plants.Answer: What are mercury,
sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulates/smog?
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Mercury, Hg Sulphur dioxide, SO2
Nitrogen oxides NO2
and Particulates/smog
ACID RAIN
Bioaccumulation inH2O.
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1. Crop rotation 2. Poly culture. 3. Planting trap crops 4. Genetically Resistant Plants 5. Using Natural Enemies to Help Control Pests: 6. Using Biopesticides to Control Pests 7. Insect Birth Control, Sex Attractants, and Hormones 8.Hot Water: The ‘Aqua Heat’9. Radiation:10. Integrated Pest Management (IPM):
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In 1962, Silent Spring by
American biologist Rachel Carson
* Cats in Borneo & DDT
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Benefits: 1.Save human lives 2.Increase profits for farmers
3. Increase food supplies/lower cost4.work faster/better than alternatives5.when used properly/risks are less than
benefits
Risks:1. Genetic resistance to pesticides
**BIGGEST 2. Broad-spectrum insecticides also
kill natural predators/parasites. 3. Pesticides don’t stay put.4. Can threaten human health
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Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Act – requires EPA approval for
use of all commercial pesticides
EPA sets tolerance level specifying amount of toxic pesticide that can remain on crops
that people eatBanned: most chlorinated hydrocarbons, several carbamates /organophosphates
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Term used to describe the following condition (s)- cities are warmer, rainier, foggier, cloudier than suburbs and rural areas b/c
of heat generated by multiple pollutants (cars, factories,…) in
the area.
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Which of the following is not a form of indoor air pollution?
A) Asbestos B) Tobacco smoke C) Formaldehyde D) Radon E) Brown Air Smog
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Many pollutant level are 2-5x higher inside than outside, leads to higher risk of cancer and
costs $$ b/c of absenteeism, some main ones:
-Asbestos (from pipe insulation, floor tiles) – can cause lung cancer
-# 1 Tobacco smoke (from cigarettes) – can cause lung cancer
-Formaldehyde (from furniture stuffing, insulation) – throat/lung irritation
-Radon (from radioactive soil near foundation) – causes lung cancer
-New Building syndrome – being in new buildings causes sickness b/c of reduced air exchange, chemicals from new carpets/furniture.
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Is the increase in concentration of a substance, such as the pesticide DDT, that occurs in a food chain as a consequence of eating at a higher trophic layer.
Occurs within a trophic level, and is the increase in concentration of a substance in an individuals' tissues due to uptake from food and sediments in an aquatic milieu.
FOOD
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Incineration Landfills Recycle
CompostExporting waste
•The “TRASH NO ONE WANTED”from The Islip, L.I.
The name given to the environmental program established to address abandoned hazardous
waste sites.
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SUPERFUND
The Love Canal, New York
CERCLA– Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
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A) PreservationB) RestorationC) RemediationD) Mitigation
Which of the following means “trade off” – _____________ banking is when destruction of existing wetland/land is allowed as long as an equal area of the same type of wetland/land is created or restored
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Preservation – set aside land for protection – John Muir was an early leader of the preservationist movement he also founded the Sierra ClubRemediation – similar to decontamination - removal or neutralization of chemical substances from a site to prevent any adverse effectsMitigation – (not always successful – but better than nothing)Restoration – trying to restore a degraded habitat or ecosystem to a condition as close as possible to the pre-degraded state.
Mitigation
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How many children should each woman have to do no more than replace herself and her mate
(assuming one mate)?As a global average, she should have about 2.1
children. Developing countries it is higher.
The number is slightly higher than two to account for infant mortality.
Reproduction at this level is called- (RFL)____________________________
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An abnormal warming of surface ocean waters in the
eastern tropical Pacific, is one part of what's called the
Southern Oscillation.
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Urban sprawl, also known as suburban sprawl,
“Urbanization”
* Urban Blight-A run-down area of the city