Jenny Withycombe Recognizing Oppression
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Transcript of Jenny Withycombe Recognizing Oppression
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Recognizing Oppression
A Workshop on Cultural Diversity within Intercollegiate Athletics
Dr. Jenny Lind WithycombeWithycombe Consulting
Dr. Jenny Lind Withycombe
BA – Psychology
MA – Teaching
G. Crt – Women’s Studies
PhD – Sport and Exercise Sciences Foci: Cultural Studies,
Africana Studies
Diversity Consultant NCAA and Constituents
4 Year Varsity Rower
3x All-American (First Team)
4 Year National-Scholar Athlete
First Rower to be named Female Athlete of the Year
WU Record Holder
Team Captain
Diversity in US Intercollegiate Sport
Minority student-athletes, coaches, and administrators Gender, Race, Sexual Orientation, and/or Culture
Understanding Sport Experiences
Diversity and Athletic Participation Lead to Empowerment
Diversity Shaping Identities and Experiences
My task
Diversity Education and Sport for Development
Sport for Development and Peace Perspectives of US Intercollegiate Student-Athletes
Encouraging the Use of Sport for Social Change Recognizing the Oppression Defining Your Role Facilitating Change
Learning Objectives for Diversity Education
Understand the dynamics of privilege and how it is manifested in society and within intercollegiate athletics.
Understand the impact that stereotypes, discrimination, and oppression have on the daily lives and performance of all student-athletes and athletic staff.
Recognizing who is the center of power within both the macro- and micro-communities of intercollegiate athletics.
Develop a willingness to interrupt instances of discrimination that occur within intercollegiate athletics.
Encourage behaviors that demonstrate acceptance and respect for all people.
Defining Culture, Diversity, and Inclusion
Culture is… Way of life in a given society passed down from one generation
to the next through learning and experience.
Diversity is… Collection of similarities and differences we carry with us at all
times, based on the characteristics we were born with, the experiences we have had, and the choices we have made.
Inclusion is… Inclusion can be defined as the process of ensuring that people
feel included and valued in an organization or a community.
Quantitative versus Qualitative Equality
Value
If you work hard you will be successful. Meritocracy: The idea that despite “unequally distributed opportunities
and impediments…good choices, effort, and ambition alone are responsible for success” (Harris, 2004, p. 16).
Gender, racial, sexual orientation, and class oppression is a significant problem for student-athletes, coaches, and administrators. “Sport is a contradictory space…the resilience of the notion that sport takes place
on a level playing field, outside the relations of inequality and oppression, is necessary in [prejudicially] inscribed societies that deem themselves not [prejudiced]. However, the persistence of [prejudice] is inextricably tied to claims of the absence of [prejudice].” (Douglas, 2003, p. 9)
It is easy to spot oppression. Overt and Covert Oppression
Making Connections
Why do you think these three statements were grouped together? If you work hard you will be successful. Gender, racial, sexual orientation, and class
oppression is a significant problem for student-athletes, coaches, and administrators.
It is easy to spot oppression.
Current Issues: Race and Culture
Increasing numbers of student-athletes of color
More international student-athletes than ever before
Underrepresentation of student-athletes, coaches, and administrators of color in positions of power both on and off the field
Recruiting and Retention
Stereotyping and oppression
Ambiguous institutional climate with regards to diversity and inclusion
Varied levels of commitment to creating a more inclusive environment
Lack of understanding and appreciation for individual backgrounds and cultures (e.g. communication styles, hiring practices, hierarchies, retention, time orientation, religion, gender, etc.)
Current Issues: Gender and Sexuality
Increasing numbers of female student-athletes
Sexist/Homophobic language and behaviors
Romantic peer and/or coach-athlete involvements Same-sex, cross-sex
Title IX
Gender specific coaching
Variability in standards
Intersex Issues
Pregnancy
Underrepresentation of female student-athletes, coaches, and administrators in positions of power both on and off the field
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Stereotyping
Gender, Sexuality, and Power
Stereotypically Male Characteristics
Stereotypically Female Characteristics
To Control Men…
To Control Women…
Stereotypes: A Social Creation
We must accept that… Stereotypes are socially constructed and
implemented Stereotypes can create both conscious and
unconscious biases Stereotypes have power whether we personally
accept them or not Stereotypes can keep us from having new
experiences
Others Types of Stereotypes
Stereotyping in its many forms: Race
Class
Religion
What is our responsibility with regards to stereotyping?
Institutional/Organizational Culture
What is the culture of your institution/organization?
What is it like to be a member of the majority within your institution/organization?
What is it like to be a member within your institution/organization whose culture lies in part outside the “mainstream”?
What is the institutional/organizational culture of your various departments? How does that compare to the larger organization? Or the community in which you reside?
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Privilege
White Privilege
List some forms of White privilege White Privilege: Advantages, opportunities, or
benefits bestowed upon a person due to their racial classification as White
Try to think of at least one form of White privilege related to sport
McIntosh’s White Privilege
I can go shopping alone most of the time, pretty well assured that I will not be followed or harassed.
When I am told about our national heritage or about "civilization," I am shown that people of my color made it what it is.
I am never asked to speak for all the people of my racial group.
I can go home from most meetings of organizations I belong to feeling somewhat tied in, rather than isolated, out-of-place, outnumbered, unheard, held at a distance or feared.
“White privilege is like an invisible knapsack of special provisions, assurances, tools, maps,
guides, codebooks, passports, visas, clothes, compasses, emergency gear, and blank checks”
(McIntosh, 1988, p. 1).
Others Types of Privilege
Privilege in its many forms: Gender
Sexual Orientation
Class
What is our responsibility with regards to privilege?
Sport for Social Change
Reflections Oppression is deeply embedded within US culture Oppression and issues of diversity are often denied,
minimized, and justified within US sport Younger generations need help connecting the US’s
history of racism, classism, sexism, and heterosexism to today’s socio-cultural issues
Current athletic personnel want to make a difference using sport, but they need strong leadership and guidance
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It is the collective power of individuals that makes change
happen
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Thank YouQuestions?