Jean-Louis WEBER Former Special Adviser to the European Environment Agency
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Ecosystem Capital Accounts: the Way to Record the Multiple Forest Values in a National Accounting Framework Jean-Louis WEBER Former Special Adviser to the European Environment Agency on Economic-Environmental Accounting Honorary Professor, School of Geography, University of Nottingham [email protected] Dialogue on Forestry in Context the Eco- Civilization 19 July 2013, Guiyang, China Eco-Forum Global 生 生 生 生 生 生 生 生 生 生
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Eco-Forum Global 生 态 文 明 贵 阳 国 际 论 坛. Dialogue on Forestry in Context the Eco-Civilization 19 July 2013, Guiyang , China. Ecosystem Capital Accounts: the Way to Record the Multiple Forest Values in a National Accounting Framework. Jean-Louis WEBER - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Jean-Louis WEBER Former Special Adviser to the European Environment Agency
Ecosystem Capital Accounts: the Way to Record the Multiple Forest Values in a National Accounting
Framework
Jean-Louis WEBER
Former Special Adviser to the European Environment Agency on Economic-Environmental Accounting
Honorary Professor, School of Geography, University of Nottingham
Dialogue on Forestry in Context the Eco-Civilization 19 July 2013, Guiyang, China
Eco-Forum Global
生 态 文 明 贵 阳 国 际 论 坛
National Accounts: SNA and SEEA
SEEA Part 1 “Central Framework”
SEEA Part 2“Experimental
Ecosystem Accounting”
SEEA-EA XXX
SEEA-EA VictoriaSNA
The System of Environmental-Economic Accounts adopted by the UN Statistical Commission in 2012 (SEEA 2012) has been supplemented in 2013 by a volume on “Experimental Capital Accounting”. The “Ecosystem Capital Accounts” (SEEA-ECA) under implementation in Europe are one of these experimentations.
SEEA-ECA
EcosystemCapital Accounts
Jean-Louis Weber, 19 July 2013
Forests in accounting frameworksMoney. Economic asset, owned and managed for
profit; cultivated forests mostly. No forest depletion recorded. Products = timber.
Monetary and physical accounts. Forest asset: similar to SNA plus an extension to non-managed forests. Forest depletion only in physical units, not in money. No forest degradation recorded. Products = mostly timber plus an extension to non-timber forest products.
Forest as ecosystem statistical units. Complete balances of stocks and flows, including Carbon/biomass, water, landscape integrity and biodiversity. People access to ecosystem services. Valuation in money on a case by case basis (no aggregation). In SEEA-ECA, use of a currency-equivalent named “ecosystem capability unit” to capture the main services into one single measurement.
Jean-Louis Weber, 19 July 2013
Ecosystems deliver all together multiple services
Source: Gilbert Long, 1972 A propos du diagnostic écologique appliqué au milieu de vie de l'homme. Options Méditerranéennes, 13 , CHIEAM, Montpellier, Juin 1972
Jean-Louis Weber, 19 July 2013
Source: Gilbert Long, 1972 A propos du diagnostic écologique appliqué au milieu de vie de l'homme. Options Méditerranéennes, 13 , CHIEAM, Montpellier, Juin 1972
NOTE: Excessive extraction of 1 service (here wood removal) can ruin all the other services
Ecosystems deliver all together multiple services
Jean-Louis Weber, 19 July 2013
Fossil energy and materials
The Ecosystem Capital Must Be Maintained as the Produced Capital is…
Production & Trade of
Commodities & Assets
Biodiversity
Natural Resou
rces
ECOSY
STEM
CAP
ITAL
Inputs & Residuals
NATURAL CAPITAL PRODUCED CAPITAL
Land
Biomass, carbon
Water
Functional Services
Capital(s): Productivity & Health Maintenance up to capital depreciation (consumption)
Maintenance up to capital
restoration
Jean-Louis Weber, 19 July 2013
3 – Ecosystem healthy state: public good, non-rival, non-exclusive use, long term “value”, non-transferable
ownership rights, have a money counterpart if regulations enforce it (environmental expenditures, green taxes,
offset certificates…)
1 – SNA commodities and produced assets: Ecosystem Assets and
Services are embedded into market values…
Ecosystems assets and services : 3 “values” in 1
Regu
latin
g Recreating
2 - Non produced assets/ non priced services: mostly common goods, which could be traded, but in general they are not properly
valued by market pricesProvisioning
Market value don’t capture the complete ecosystem value: 1 to some extent, 2 imperfectly and 3 very poorly need
of a different currency
Jean-Louis Weber, 19 July 2013
ECU: a composite currency to measure ecological value
In physical accounts, measurements are made in basic units (tons, joules, m3 or ha) which cannot be aggregated. These measurements have to converted to a special composite currency named ECU for ‘Ecosystem Capability Unit’.
The price of one physical unit (e.g. 1 ton of biomass) in ECU expresses at the same time the intensity of use of the resource in terms of maximum sustainable yield and the direct and indirect impacts on ecosystem condition (e.g. water contamination or biodiversity loss, inversely ecosystem restoration).
François 1st (1515-1547), Ecu d'or au soleil du Dauphiné, Source : Münzen &
Medaillen Gm
bH (DE)
1 ECU = 1 unit of accessible ecosystem resource
Economic value: Quantity x Price (in money)Ecological Value: Quantity x Price-equivalent (in ECU)
Jean-Louis Weber, 19 July 2013
95 100
107 103
98 100
100 94
94 103
97 93SUM / 3
SUM
SUM
TECch
ange
Indexes of Accessible Carbon/ Biomass
Indexes of Accessible Water
Indexes of Accessible Landscape/ Biodiversity Services
268255
TEC: Total Ecosystem Capability (ECU)
95.7 101.0
101.3 96.7
SUM
SUM / 3
751 433
920 615
Basic resource(e.g. tons of
Carbon/ Biomass)
X =71846 43733
93227 59450
SUM
ECU values per 1 km2 grid-cells
SU
M
Calculation of Ecological Values in ECU & Total Ecosystem Potential (TEC)
Jean-Louis Weber, 20July 2013
ECU-Prices
Region Ecosystem
-3752
(TEC t+1) –
(TEC t)
268255
TEC: Total Ecosystem Capability
(ECU, year t)
95.7 101.0
101.3 96.7
SUM
ECU-Prices year t
751 433
920 615
Basic resource year t
(e.g. tons of Carbon/ Biomass)
X =71846 43733
93227 59450
SUM
ECU values per 1 km2 grid-
cells, year t
710 433
940 620
93.7 101.0
102.3 93.7
66503 43733
96193 58073264503X =
SU
M SU
M
t+1
t
TEC ch
ange
TEC: Total Ecosystem Capability
(ECU, year t+1)
ECU values per 1 km2 grid-cells, year t+1
ECU-Prices year t+1
Basic rerource year t+1
(e.g. tons of Carbon/ Biomass)
Change in Total Ecosystem Potential (TEC): ecosystem capital degradation or enhancement
In this case, there is degradationJean-Louis Weber, 20July 2013
Landscape Ecological Potential change 1990-2006, by ecosystem landscape units
Degradation
National Accounts & Ecosystem Capital Accounts
National Accounts:GDP, Final Demand,
Balance Sheet
Consumption of ecosystem capital(unpaid costs) & Adjustment of
Final Demand (Full Price) Restoration
costs
Enhancement
Balance sheet of ecological debts &
credits in ECU
Total Ecosystem Capital Capability in ECU
Stocks 1990
Change 1990-2006
Ecological sustainability ofValue Added supported by
ecosystem services
Sustainability coefficients
Jean-Louis Weber, 20July 2013
Preliminary results of SEEA-ECA in Europe
An experimental framework for ecosystem capital accounting in EuropeEEA Technical report No 13/2011
http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/an-experimental-framework-for-ecosystem
Land cover accounts for Europe 1990-2000 (26 countries), 2006Updated for year 2006 (34 countries), next update: for year 2012
http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/eea_report_2006_11
Jean-Louis Weber, 19 July 2013
The carbon/biomass account
NPP/NEP:satellite images (NDVI) and modeling,accessible bio-C surplus
Uses:agriculture and forestry statistics by regions/countries resampled to 1km2 grid f(land cover, NDVI)
Net Ecosystem Carbon Balance:soil and vegetation (trees, shrubs, grass)
_ =
Jean-Louis Weber, 19 July 2013
The Net Ecosystem Carbon Balance 2000 (provisional results – 5 June 2012)
Tree felling, 1999 Xmas storm
Greenhouses, plastic sheets
Intensive agriculture
Mixed agriculture
Forest
NB: over-estimation of NPP in the South
Jean-Louis Weber, 19 July 2013
Ecosystem Capital Accounts: Landscape/Biodiversity Capability AccountSpecies/biodiversity change mean indexes, by ecosystem types
Jean-Louis Weber, 19 July 2013Jean-Louis Weber, 19 July 2013
Forest species biodiversity change index ~ 1990-2006 : Number of species in 1 km x 1 km grid with population increase or stable minus number of species with decrease
Jean-Louis Weber, 19 July 2013
People access to ecosystem landscape/biodiversity servicesThe map shows population density (red) weighted by the neighbourhood index (5 km) of forests and other natural areas (incl. agriculture mosaics) (green). Large EU metropolis (London, Paris, Milano, Berlin…) have large populations with limited access to green landscapes. Mountain areas have high “green” potential but limited resident population to enjoy it.
Jean-Louis Weber, 19 July 2013
