JAVELINJAVELIN

M98FRONT

M98A1FRONT

M98A1REAR

M98REAR

MAJOR COMPONENTSCOMMAND LAUNCH UNIT

(CLU)

MAJOR COMPONENTSROUND

CAPABILITIES & LIMITATIONS

• LETHALITY– Dual Attack Mode (Top & Direct)

– 2000 Meter Maximum Effective Range

– Tandem Shape Charged Warhead• Defeats Reactive Armor

– Fire And Forget• Decreases Probability Of Gunner Error

• MANEUVERABILITY– Man Portable• Total Weight Approx. = 49.5 lbs.

– Shoulder Fired

– Soft Launch• Can Be Fired From Inside Enclosures–Buildings Or Rooms Require 12’x15’x7’

– Effective Frontal And Oblique Shots

CAPABILITIES & LIMITATIONS

• SURVIVABILITY– Low Launch Signature Increases Gunner Survivability– All Gunner Engagement Tasks Accomplished Prior To Firing– Fire And Forget Allows Gunner To Displace Immediately– 2000 Meter Stand Off Range– Passive Infrared System• Not Visible With Night Vision Devices

CAPABILITIES & LIMITATIONS

• SURVIVABILITY (con’t)– CLU Offers Enhanced Surveillance And Observation• Can Detect Targets To 3000m

• Cannot Identify Past 2000m

• Low Back Blast Allows Firing From Beneath Overhead Cover And Inside Bunkers

CAPABILITIES & LIMITATIONS

• FLEXIBILITY FOR COMMANDERS– Increased Medium A.T. Range

– JAVELIN Compliments TOW• Allows Mutual Support And Greater Overlapping Fields Of Fire• Fills Void Past DRAGON’s 1000m• Allows Tow To Concentrate Fires At Maximum Range (3750 Meters Tow 2b)

CAPABILITIES & LIMITATIONS

JAVELIN vs. DRAGON

– SYSTEM TYPE FIRE & FORGET WIRE GUIDED

– CARRY WEIGHT 49.5 lbs approx. 73.4 lbs approx.

– CLU 14 lbs day & night 8.5 lbs day

integrated 36 lbs night

– ROUND 35.2 lbs 28.9 lbs

– CREW 2 MAN TEAM 2 MAN TEAM

– RELOAD TIME LESS THAN 20 sec. TIME OF FLIGHT +20 sec.

JAVELIN DRAGON

– COMPONENTS CLU, ROUND DAY SIGHT, THERMAL SIGHT, COOLANT BOTTLES, BATTERIES, ROUND

– MISSLE MODE TOP / DIRECT DIRECT

– GUIDANCE SYS. THERMAL SEEKER WIRE GUIDED

– TIME OF FLIGHT 2000m 14.5 sec 1000m 10 sec

– SIGHT 4x DAY 6x DAY

MAGNIFICATION 4x / 9x NIGHT 4x NIGHT

JAVELIN DRAGON

JAVELIN vs. DRAGON

TRAINING EQUIPMENT

• Basic Skills Trainer (BST)– Indoor Trainer (Practice & Qual.)• Multiple Targets• React To Malfunctions

• Missile Simulation Round (MSR)– Replicates Size, Weight And Balance Of Actual Round• Maintain JAVELIN (Inspection)• Prepare / Restore JAVELIN• Demonstrate Proper Carry Techniques

TRAINING EQUIPMENT

• Field Tactical Trainer (FTT)– Outdoor Trainer• Force On Force (FOF) Trainer• Integrated MILES Capability

TRAINING EQUIPMENT

TASK NO TASKTNGFREQ TIME REMARKS

Explain EmergencyDecontamination Procedures for aJavelin Medium Antitank Weapon

M 30 min Oral Presentation

Explain Emergency DestructionProcedures for a Javelin MediumAntitank Weapon

M 30 min Oral Presentation

xxx-xxx-xxxx Maintain a Javelin Medium AntitankWeapon

M 4 hrs Practical ExerciseMSR and CLU

xxx-xxx-xxxx Prepare a Javelin Medium AntitankWeapon for Firing

M1 10 min Practical ExerciseBST and FTT

xxx-xxx-xxxx Restore a Javelin Medium AntitankWeapon to Carrying Configuration

M1 5 min Practical Exercise

xxx-xxx-xxxx Perform Malfunction Procedures ona Javelin Medium Antitank Weapon

M1 15 min Practical ExerciseBST and FTT

Recognize Friendly and ThreatArmored Vehicles and Aircraft

M 30 min Practical Exercise

xxx-xxx-xxxx Construct a 2-man fighting positionwith a Javelin firing platform

Q NA Perform as part ofan ARTEP or FTX

xxx-xxx-xxxx Prepare an Antiarmor Range Card M2 30 min Practical Exercise

xxx-xxx-xxxx Engage Targets with an JavelinMedium Antitank Weapon

Q 4 hrs Practical ExerciseBST and FTT

M = Every monthM1 = 1st month (odd months)M2 = 2nd month (even months)Q = Quarterly

Table 4-1. Training tasks for Javelin gunners and assistant gunners.

PROPOSED

SUSTAINMENT TRAININGIAW FM 23-37

AMUNITION TRAINING STRATEGYDA PAM 350-38 Table 5-22

Frequency by TRCEvent A B C DWeapon Training 12 6 2 2

Gunner Sustainment(1) 12 6 1 1

Advance Tracking(2) 6 1 0 0

Verification Qualification(2) 4 2 1 1

Sqd/ Plt/ Co FTX/STX 8 1 1 0

Bn FTX (TRC B Co FTX) 2 1 0 0

EXEVAL (ARTEP) 2 1 0 0

Sqd/ Plt LFX(3) 6 1 0 0

CALFEX/ Live Missile(3) 1 0 0 0

Total Rounds per Gunner 0 0 0 0

Live Missiles 1/ Co. 1/ Bn. 0 0

Notes:1. Javelin Basic Skills Traininer is used for Gunnery Sustainment.2. Advance tracking and verification/ qualification range portion conductedwith Javelin Field Tactical Trainer. No ammo required.3. Javelin participates in Sqd/ Plt LFX and CALFEX using MILES and the lasertarget interface device.4. Live missile authorizations are TRC A: 1 per company: TRC B: 1 perBattallion.5. As missiles become available.

LESSONS LEARNEDFile Name: FEDD0203

Observation Title: DIRECT FIRE PLAN

Observation / Issue: JAVELIN Anti-Tank Weapon; Units / leaders have to work on developingengagement areas (EA) to increase lethality.

Discussion: A unit infiltrates from point A to point B clearing their sector to move into a hastydefense. After the light infantry moved into position with the Javelin the battalions heavy anti-armor assets, Delta company, moved in to support them with the TOW (tubular launchedoptically wire guided) missile system. When the opposing force started to roll through theJavelin and TOW were engaging the same targets because no fire control measures had beenused. The Javelin has a maximum range of 2000 meters the TOW has a range of 3750 meters.When fire control measures are put in place the Javelin and TOW can mutually support thesame sectors of fire but at different ranges. The Tow should not be engaging targets inside of2000m if there is a Javelin team that is able to cover that space. Through the use of fire controlmeasures i.e.: sectors of fire, trigger lines, target reference points (TRP), & the maximumengagement line (MEL) of the weapons covering the EA. If the Javelin engages targets within2000m and the TOW engages targets from 2000m to 3750m they can effectively engage enemytargets without wasting rounds at the same targets.

Lesson Learned: All direct fire weapons need a direct fire plan, a set of control measures sothat rounds are not being wasted by two weapons firing at the same targets at the same time.

Recommendation / TTP: Units that are mutually supporting the same EA must plan fire andcommunicate each other’s intent. Leaders must take the time to communicate with the otherunit leaders that are engaging essentially the same sectors of fire so that assets are notwasted. This can only increase the lethality of the kill zone.

File Name: FEDD0205Observation Title: Realistic Training

Observation / Issue: JAVELIN Anti-Tank Weapon; Field Tactical Trainer (FTT) vs. Tactical system

Discussion: During rotation at the NTC it was observed that leaders were placing Javelin gunners ingenerally unsuitable areas to fire from. Javelin gunners were placed on the forward slope, in plainsight for enemy observation with no cover or concealment. They were placed in areas that could notsupport reloading procedures or afford a good steady kneeling or seated firing position in the rockyterrain. If the leaders had taken the time to analyze the terrain they would have found ample places toplace Javelin gunners without having to adjust too much.

There are obvious differences between training devices with the Javelin, as with many otherpieces of military equipment, and actual go to war systems. When positioning the Javelin duringField Training Excerscise the leader and gunner must consider, “If I was engaging targets from here:

1. would I be able to obtain a steady firing position?”2. is there enough room for me to take the round off my shoulder and reload?”3. is the assistant gunner going to have enough room to move in new rounds after

I fire?”4. do I have good cover and concealment?”5. am I able to effectively cover my sector of fire?”

Lesson Learned: Train as we fight or as close to realistic as possible because when it comes to thereal thing and we’ve been practicing it wrong chances are that we are going to do it wrong when itreally counts.

Recommendation / TTP: Use the same guidelines we use to employ other pieces of equipment toemploy the Javelin, such as terrain analysis (OKOCA). This process must be taught to the lowestlevel. If a leader does everything for the soldier the soldier will never learn to do it for himself.

LESSONS LEARNED

LESSONS LEARNEDFile Name: FEDD0207

Observation Title: EQUIPMENT MISUSE AND ABUSE

Observation / Issue: JAVELIN Anti-Tank Weapon; Soldiers not caring for or usingequipment the way they were instructed or the way it was intended to be used.

Discussion: During a rotation at the NTC it was observed that soldiers were unnecessarilyrough on Javelin training equipment. Soldiers were carrying the Field Tactical Trainer (FTT)around by the command launch unit (CLU) and strapping it to their rucks with the CLUconnected to the round. The CLU is not meant to be a carrying device for the round thisputs unnecessary wear and tear on the CLU interface bracket and the round interfacebracket. The command launch units that a unit is issued are not just training devices theyare the same ones the unit will deploy with in a real world situation.

The command launch unit and round should only be carried together in the tacticalcarry configuration. The tactical carry configuration is used to move over very shortdistances to facilitate moving into a firing position or in-between primary, alternate orsupplementary positions. The CLU and round should not be connected and then strappedto a rucksack.

The FTT is a training device but should be treated as if it was a real round with a seekerdome and a missile inside. It was observed that soldiers were moving in trucks and on footwith the forward end cap of the round removed. This is not the way a tactical round shouldbe transported because it leaves the seeker dome unprotected from breakage. If the seekerdome breaks the missile is not operable and can not be used. Leaders and soldiers alikemust take the time to do the same things in training as they would in combat.

Lesson Learned: The equipment is meant to be used in a specific manner and if it is not itmay not work when the unit really needs it to go to war.

File Name: FEDD0408

Observation Title: MELIOS Laser range Finder.

Observation / Issue: JAVELIN Anti-Tank Weapon; If laser range finders are available,why not use them?

Discussion: During a rotation at the NTC it was observed that a unit had nine melioslaser range finders but not one had been brought to the field. When asked one weaponsquad leader said he didn’t know that the company had any. The melios is a usefultool for leaders and soldiers alike. The leaders can accurately set up the engagementarea, it takes all the guess work out of Target Reference Points (TRP), MaximumEngagement Lines (MEL). If a leader or Javelin gunner needs to know if a target is inrange quickly, as the gunner is getting ready to fire the assistant gunner or the leadercan range the target or targets and direct fires to those targets in range.

Lesson Learned: The melios is a valuable asset that is available to us and can help usdo our jobs more accurately and easily.

Recommendation / TTP: Each platoon should have a SOP (standard operatingprocedure) that indicates the load distribution for all collective equipment. Theweapons squad leader or anti-amor team leaders are the most obvious people to carrythe laser range finder. He has control of the longest range most casualty producingweapons in the platoon arsenal. The range finder will prove to be a valuable assetwhen developing engagement areas. It can aid in accurately establishing TRP’s,trigger lines , etc.

LESSONS LEARNED

File Name: JADD2501

Observation Title: LEADERS RECONASAINCE (LDRS RECON)

Observation / Issue: JAVELIN Anti-Tank Weapon; The company commander conducted his LDRSRECON, he did not take any Javelin assets.

Discussion: During a rotation at the National Training Center a company commander did not take anyJavelin assets on LDRS RECON when preparing for defensive operations. During the LDRS RECONcontact was made with a five man dismounted OPFOR infantry element. Fortunately no armored threatwas encountered at this time and minimal friendly casualties were taken. If this chance contact hadbeen an armored threat the entire recon element could have been destroyed because they had no wayto effectively return fire on an armored threat. If the company could not link up in a timely manner andwould have had to move by foot from the assembly area to the defense it would have taken anexcessive amount of time to reinforce the recon element thus leaving them defenseless against anarmored reconasaince threat.

Lesson Learned: The Javelin provides the commander with the ability to fix and kill the enemy at longrange. During the security operations that follow the LDRS RECON it provides an enhanced thermaloptic for observation and the ability to fix and kill any enemy threat.

Recommendation / TTP: During the LDRS RECON it is not recommended to take all anti-armor weaponassets afforded organically to the company commander. Given the mission analysis (METT-T) and theenemy situation, is there a chance of enemy contact with an armored force in the theatre or area ofoperations. With this in mind taking an anti-armor weapons system on the LDRS RECON should beconsidered by leaders at all levels.

LESSONS LEARNED

File Name: JADD2602

Observation Title: ANTI-ARMOR RANGE CARD

Observation / Issue: JAVELIN Anti-Tank Weapon; Range cards were not completed by JavelinGunners during Defensive operations

Discussion: During a rotation at the National Training Center it was observed that anti-armorteams did not complete range cards for there sectors of fire. A range card is a record of firingdata. It is a sketch of a sector of fire that a direct fire weapon system is assigned to cover. Arange card aids in planning and controlling fires, aids the crew in acquiring targets duringlimited visibility, and also aids replacement personnel to move into position and orient on theirsector. The gunner should make a range card so that he may become more familiar with theterrain in his sector and update it as needed. Once the range card is complete a copy should bemade for the platoon leader so he can use the data to complete his platoon sector sketch. Whencreating the range card it is important to include, at a minimum, the right/left limits, targetreference points (TRPs), natural and man-made, dead space, maximum engagement line (MEL),weapons reference point and the date time group (DTG). This data must be drawn and labeledin the sketch section and / or listed in the data section. Refer to FM 7-8 for example andguidelines.

Lesson Learned: The information on the Javelin gunners range card will assist the platoonleader and commander knows what the engagement area (EA) looks like. It will help themreference the EA if they are located in a position in which they may not be able to see the entirebattlefield. If the Javelin gunner has an accurate range card the platoon leader and companycommander will be able to have good sector sketches. The chance that they may becomewounded or dead the next in charge will know what the EA looks like, possibly with out everseeing all the terrain.

LESSONS LEARNED

POINTS TO PONDER

•Train As We Fight

•Develop Engagement Areas

•Utilize Weapon System To Its Full Potential

•Doctrine Is Constantly Evolving, Be Creative