Tightened National Security Bitterness toward Japanese Americans

grows Government takes action against

Japanese Americans within two months of the attack

Racist Did not like or trust them Undesirable

The FBI and U.S. Military intelligence fear espionage and another Japanese Attack!

The media propaganda machine starts at full speed

The Internment of all Japanese The Internment of all Japanese living in the United Statesliving in the United States

February 19,February 19, 19421942

1/3 of Japanese interns were “Issei”1/3 of Japanese interns were “Issei” Born in JapanBorn in Japan

• 2/3 were “Nissei”2/3 were “Nissei”

–Born in the United Born in the United StatesStates

A responsible member of each family will report to the Civil Control Station between 8:00 AM and 5:00 PM on May 24, 1942

Evacuees must carry with them on departure the following: Bedding and linens (no mattresses)

for each member of the family Toilet articles Extra Clothing Sufficient cutlery

No Pets of any kind No personal items and no

household goods will be shipped.

4,500 Japanese-Americans were 4,500 Japanese-Americans were interned at the Merced interned at the Merced Fairgrounds in 1942Fairgrounds in 1942

Fresno, Manzanar, Marysville, Merced, Pinedale, Pomona, Sacramento,Salinas, Santa Anita, Stockton, Tanforan, Tulare, Tule Lake, Turlock,

Daily life continued…However, camps were located in barren, arid

areas that made economic self-sufficiency impossibleCamps were fenced inBarracks consisted of several one-room apartmentsCamps had minimal school and recreation facilities and provided enough medical care to prevent epidemics

Conditions often cramped….very little privacyPeople shared communal toilets, laundries, bathing and dining facilities

Battle of Midway eliminated the threat of a Japanese attempt on the mainland

Newspapers and journals attacked the federal policy of interning Japanese Americans

In 1944 Newspapers exposed the treatment of Japanese Americans in Internment Camps

Justice Frank Murphy opposed internment and called it “Legalization of racism”

No action of removal or relocation was taken against people of German or Italian descent

No single piece of evidence was produced supporting the government’s claims that Japanese Americans would sabotage the United States

On January 2, 1945, the exclusion order was rescinded entirely. The internees then began to leave the camps to rebuild their lives at home, although the relocation camps remained open for residents who were not ready to make the move back. The freed internees were given $25 and a train ticket to their former homes. While the majority returned to their former lives, some of the Japanese Americans emigrated to Japan. The last internment camp was not closed until 1946

Turn to Page 596 in your textbook and analyze this Supreme Court case.Answer the following questions:1.What was the key conflict in the Korematsu case?2.What role did the military play in the Court’s decision?3.What did Justice Murphy base his dissent on?4.What was the historical impact of this case?