Japanese Honeysuckle - Aquatic Plantplants.ifas.ufl.edu/.../japanese_honeysuckle_PP.pdf · Japanese...
Transcript of Japanese Honeysuckle - Aquatic Plantplants.ifas.ufl.edu/.../japanese_honeysuckle_PP.pdf · Japanese...
Japanese HoneysuckleJapanese HoneysuckleLoniceraLonicera japonica japonica ((ThunbThunb.) .)
CaprifoliaceaeCaprifoliaceae
BiologyBiology•• Native to Japan and AsiaNative to Japan and Asia•• Introduced to U.S. in 1906 for highway Introduced to U.S. in 1906 for highway
use use –– stabilize banks, reduce erosionstabilize banks, reduce erosion•• Wildlife managers also used as a winter Wildlife managers also used as a winter
forage for deerforage for deer•• Adaptable to a wide range of habitats, Adaptable to a wide range of habitats,
ranging from Florida to New Englandranging from Florida to New England
BackgroundBackgroundEconomic UsesEconomic Uses•• Wide spread use Wide spread use
as an ornamentalas an ornamental–– fast growthfast growth–– fragrant flowersfragrant flowers
DistributionDistribution•• Found throughout much of FloridaFound throughout much of Florida•• Commonly found along Commonly found along roadways and roadways and
disturbed areas, forest edges, fencerowsdisturbed areas, forest edges, fencerows•• Also found in many state along the east Also found in many state along the east
coast, from Florida to New England, less coast, from Florida to New England, less invasive in more northern climates invasive in more northern climates
Japanese Honeysuckle Distribution Japanese Honeysuckle Distribution in Floridain Florida
ImpactsImpacts•• Category 1 invasive species (FLEPPC)Category 1 invasive species (FLEPPC)
–– Able to spread into undisturbed sitesAble to spread into undisturbed sites•• Readily establishes, outcompetes native Readily establishes, outcompetes native
speciesspecies•• Covers small trees and shrubs, smothers Covers small trees and shrubs, smothers
understory vegetationunderstory vegetation
IdentificationIdentification
Mature PlantMature Plant•• Evergreen, Evergreen,
twining vinetwining vine•• Can reach lengths Can reach lengths
of 80 to 120 feetof 80 to 120 feet•• Produces runners Produces runners
from main stemsfrom main stems•• Older stems Older stems
hollow, peeling hollow, peeling bark in long stripsbark in long strips
Leaves and StemsLeaves and Stems•• Oppositely Oppositely
arrangedarranged•• OvateOvate--shapedshaped
––1.5 to 3 inches1.5 to 3 inches•• Stems are Stems are
reddish in colorreddish in color––Slightly Slightly
pubescentpubescent
Flowers and FruitFlowers and Fruit•• Flowering occurs from Flowering occurs from
April to JulyApril to July•• Borne in pairs, tubularBorne in pairs, tubular•• Fade Fade -- white to yellowwhite to yellow•• Fruit are blackish, Fruit are blackish,
contain 2contain 2--3 seeds3 seeds•• Consumed and Consumed and
dispersed by birdsdispersed by birds
ManagementManagementPreventativePreventative
CulturalCulturalMechanicalMechanicalBiologicalBiologicalChemicalChemical
PreventativePreventative1.1. Limit planting as an ornamentalLimit planting as an ornamental2.2. Remove existing plants, including Remove existing plants, including
resproutsresprouts/runners and before seeds /runners and before seeds are producedare produced
3.3. Prevent seed spread and dispersalPrevent seed spread and dispersal4.4. Rouge out vines in abandoned areasRouge out vines in abandoned areas
CulturalCultural1.1. Alternative landscape plants to replace Alternative landscape plants to replace
Japanese honeysuckleJapanese honeysuckleNative honeysuckle Native honeysuckle LoniceraLonicera sempervirenssempervirens
2.2. Programs to educate homeowners about Programs to educate homeowners about the problems associated with this plant the problems associated with this plant and proper identificationand proper identification
3.3. Maintain good ground cover and mixture Maintain good ground cover and mixture of plant species to reduce establishmentof plant species to reduce establishment
BiologicalBiological1.1. With the exception of wildlife foraging, With the exception of wildlife foraging,
there are no known biological control there are no known biological control agents available for Japanese agents available for Japanese honeysuckle management in Florida honeysuckle management in Florida or the southeastern U.S.or the southeastern U.S.
MechanicalMechanical1.1. Hand pull young seedlings, including Hand pull young seedlings, including
all roots, repeated pulling for all roots, repeated pulling for resproutsresprouts2.2. Cut vines down at ground levelCut vines down at ground level3.3. Mowing is effective on small vines and Mowing is effective on small vines and
resproutsresprouts, but must be repeated, but must be repeated
Chemical Chemical -- FoliarFoliar1.1. OverOver--thethe--top applications for top applications for
seedlings, seedlings, resproutsresprouts and small vinesand small vines2.2. Thoroughly wet leaves with herbicideThoroughly wet leaves with herbicide
Triclopyr Triclopyr –– 2 to 5% solution2 to 5% solutionGlyphosate Glyphosate –– 2 to 4% solution2 to 4% solutionUse surfactant at 0.25% Use surfactant at 0.25%
3.3. Best results applied late fallBest results applied late fall
Chemical Chemical -- BasalBasal1.1. Individual vines, near desirable speciesIndividual vines, near desirable species2.2. Use 25% triclopyr solution with basal Use 25% triclopyr solution with basal
oiloil3.3. Apply 12 to 15 inches above ground on Apply 12 to 15 inches above ground on
tree trunktree trunk4.4. Wet thoroughly for good control, spray Wet thoroughly for good control, spray
until rununtil run--off is noticeable at ground lineoff is noticeable at ground line
Chemical Chemical –– Cut StumpCut Stump1.1. Individual vines, near desirable speciesIndividual vines, near desirable species2.2. Cut trunks/stems Cut trunks/stems horizonallyhorizonally at or near at or near
ground levelground level3.3. Apply 25% solution of glyphosate or Apply 25% solution of glyphosate or
triclopyrtriclopyr4.4. Cover the outer 20% of the stumpCover the outer 20% of the stump5.5. Marker (blue) dye is helpful Marker (blue) dye is helpful
Useful LinksUseful Links• Floridata Homepage:
http://www.floridata.com/main_fr.cfm?state=Welcome&viewsrc=welcome.htm
• University of Florida Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants: http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/welcome.html
• University of Florida’s Cooperative Extension Electronic Data Information Source: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/index.html
Useful LinksUseful Links• Nuzzo, V. 1997. Element Stewardship
Abstracts for Lonicera japonica Japanese Honeysuckle. The Nature Conservancy: http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/
• Williams, C.E. Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunberg). Department of Biology, Clarion University. Virginia’s Department of Conservation and Recreation http://www.dcr.state.va.us/index.htm
Useful LinksUseful Links• The Plant Conservation Alliance's Alien
Plant Working Group. Weeds Gone Wild: Alien Plant Invaders of Natural Areas: http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/index.htm
• Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). Plant Threats to Pacific Ecosystems: http://www.hear.org/pier/threats.htm
• Invasive Plants of the Eastern United States: http://www.invasive.org
Literature CitedLiterature CitedLangeland, K.A. and K. Craddock Burks. Langeland, K.A. and K. Craddock Burks. 1998. Identification and Biology of Non1998. Identification and Biology of Non--Native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas. Native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas. IFAS Publication SP 257. University of IFAS Publication SP 257. University of Florida, Gainesville. 165 ppFlorida, Gainesville. 165 pp