Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19.
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Transcript of Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19.
![Page 1: Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649cea5503460f949b5862/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Japanese, European, and American Plums
Chapter 19
![Page 2: Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649cea5503460f949b5862/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Types
• Three types of plums.– Japanese– European– American
• A new plum-aprium hybrid
![Page 3: Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649cea5503460f949b5862/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The three types of plums
• Japanese P. salicina – these are the fresh market type of plums. Processed into baby food or preserves. “Santa Rose”
• They are large, round, and very juicy.
• They have skin colors of several different colors such as red, yellow, green, to a black.
• Flesh is color is normally amber-yellow or red
![Page 4: Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649cea5503460f949b5862/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
European plums – P. domestica• These are types of European
plums with a high sugar content that allows them to dry without molding.
• Thus, prunes• These are normally oval shape.• Blue-purple skin color• Have a dry, mealy, yellow-amber
flesh that’s not good for eating fresh.
![Page 5: Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649cea5503460f949b5862/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
American - P. americanum, P. angustifolium, P. munsoniana• These are young varieties• Haven’t had much time to breed
for size• Fruit is round in shape• With skin and flesh colors of red
or yellow
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hybrid
• Zaiger family bred and named this hybrid ploutsTM
• In fact they are plumcots which are ¾ Japanese plum & ¼ Apricot
• They have the tangy taste of apricots and the high sugar content as well as hairless skin of plums
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Cold Tolerance
• Japanese plums and plumcots grow well in zones 6 to 9.
• European plums grow well in zones 5 to 7
• American plums grow well in zones 3 to 5
![Page 8: Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649cea5503460f949b5862/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Production in the US• California produces 94%, about
768 million pounds per year.• Oregon, Washington, Idaho, &
Michigan produce most of the other 6%.
• Japanese plums make up 55% of total production.
• European plums make up 45%, which are almost entirely dried into prunes. (99% of the US market)
• Plumcots & American make up less than 1%.
![Page 9: Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649cea5503460f949b5862/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Tree growth & limiting factors• Small trees that grow 15’ to 20’
tall and wide.• Japanese & plumcots grow
wider, while European plums grow more upright.
• They can grow for 20 to 30 years.
• Japanese & plumcots come into production, 3rd. or 4th. Leaf.
• European & American come into production, 4th. or 5th. Leaf.
![Page 10: Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649cea5503460f949b5862/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Fruiting wood
• Plums bear most fruit on short spurs arising from 2 year old or older wood.
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Site Selection & Preparation• Japanese plums & plumcots
need sites similar to that for peaches.
• Few spring frost since they bloom early.
• 500 – 1000 foot elevations are optimal.
• Excellent soil drainage if grafted to peach rootstocks.
• Moderately well drained soil drainage if grafted to plum rootstocks.
![Page 12: Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649cea5503460f949b5862/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Site Selection & Preparation• European plums need sites
similar to apples.• Early frost are not a problem
because they bloom late.• 1500 – 2000 foot elevations are
optimal.• Moderately well drained soil
drainage.
![Page 13: Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649cea5503460f949b5862/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Selecting Rootstocks
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Choosing Cultivars
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Orchard Design
• Row space• Tree space
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Orchard Floor Management
![Page 17: Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649cea5503460f949b5862/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Insects – Codling moth
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Shothole borer
![Page 19: Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649cea5503460f949b5862/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Peach twig borer
![Page 20: Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649cea5503460f949b5862/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
San Jose ScaleMale Female
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KatydidsAdult Nymphs
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Diseases – Phytophthora root & Crown rot
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Powdery Mildew
![Page 24: Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649cea5503460f949b5862/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Crown gall
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Oak root fungus
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Brown rot
![Page 27: Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649cea5503460f949b5862/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Weeds