INTELLIGENCE REPORT

ON

JAPANESE CHEMICAL WARFARE'

Instructors

• /

JAPANESE CHEMICAL WARFARE

EQUIPMENT AND MATERIEL

268089 Office of the Chief dhemical Officer

GHQ, XFPAC * ^JV

APO 500

TOKYO, JAPAN

15 May 1946

UNCLASSIFIED

SO SEP 194$

v

H; REPORT

ON

Volume V

P a r t £

CHEMICAL "vA

AND MAT-SRI

15 yr.y 19^6

0FFIC2 OF Tri£ CHIJIJ- CHEMIC/iL OFFICER

HS/.D-^U^RTiRS, ARMY FORCES, PACIFIC

TOKYO, JAPAN

T4BLE OF' CONTENTS - P..RT E PAGE

•C-FROJECTILSJ .AW SHELLS

1) Gun - Howitzer 1 561 -Projectile, 75mm, Incendiary(empty} 2 56Oi,-Projectile, 75mm, Gas, (Cutaway) 3 560C-Projectile, 75mm, Gas, (Cutaway)

vesicant filled 4 560B-.?rojectile, 75mm, Gas, (Cutaway)

Vomiting- filled 5 592^-Projectile, 100mm, (Cutaway) 7 715 -Projectile, 105mm, Type 92, Vesicant

filled " ; 9 55A -Projectile, 105mm, (Cutaway),

Chemical Filled 10 55B -Projectile, 105mm, (Cutaway)Chemicel

Filled 11 55C -Projectile, 105mm, (Cutaway),

Chemical Filled 12 55D -Projectile, 105mm, Chemical Filled

.(Cutaway) 13 55E -Projectile, 105mm, Chemical Filled

(Cutawya) 14 322^-Projectile, 12.7cm, Magnesium,Flare

Blue 15 322B-?rojectile, 12*7cm, 'Magnesium Flare

Red / ~ 16 713 -Projectile 150mm, Type 92, Vesciant

Filled ' 17 714 -Projectile, 150mm, Type 93, Vomit­

ing GcS Filled 18 590 -Projectile, 150mm,Type 13 year Smfckel9 57« -Projectile, 15cm,. Empty 20 57B -Projectile, 15cm, Empty 21 57C -Projectile^ 15cm, Empty 22 57D- -Projectile, 15cm, Empty 23 57E -Projectile, 15cm, ' 24 57F -Projectile, 15cm, Empty 25 57G -Projectile, 15cm 26 559^-Projectile, 15cm, Chemical Filled

(Cutaway) 27 559B-Projectiie, 15cm, (Cutaway) 28' 559C-Projectile, 15cm, Chemical Filled

(Cutaway) 29 559D-Projectile, 15cm, Chemical Filled

(Cutaway) 31 559E-?rojectile, 15cm, Chemical Filled

(Cutaway) 33 6Qi* -obeli, 50mm, 10th year, Flare "A" 3^ 603 -Shell, 50mm, 10th year, *lare B 36 658 -obeli, 75mm, Type I*?, Prov.For

Type 90 Field Gun _ 37 717 -obeli, 75mm, Type 92,Vesicant Jrilled39 716 -.Shell, 75mm, Type 92,Vomiting Gas

Filled , 40

TABLE OF CONTENTS - PART E (GONT)

C.) PROJECTILES AND SHELLSfcont) PAGE

621 -Colorizing Agent, Yellow, 12.7 cm, 40 cal. Dual Purpose Gun 42

31B -Insert, C.W. Agent for 12.7cm,'Naval. Shell ' 43

yiL -Insert, C.w.:Apent for lScm Navel Shell 44

C. ) PROJECT IL£S i,ND SHELLS

This group of reports ba-s been subdivided into three main categories, gun-howitzer, mortar and rocket. Some of the items ar obviously not strictly CW items. However as they were found for the mo ft part, in military establishments which were concentrating primarily on C7 problems, tb.eir occurrence in such pieces may have s significance to anyone reveiwing this and similar reports, hence are included.

One outstanding and different use of CW agent fillings has been utilized by the Japanese in their projectile design, ^uite a few projectiles, especially in the gun-howitzer clees, contain a smell vomiting gas, filling, almost always EC, in an annulus between a heavy projectile wsll and a large H£ center charge. These projectiles are apparently to have a primary effect of the normal H3 round, with an added secondary, effect that of a. harasei cgent. It WcS not known by *'hose preparing these reports how effective would be the vomiting gas, dispersed in this manner, however it seems to be a. method inferior to a slower, burning method of dispersion. Markings are fairly well established on gun-howitzer projectiles and shells but not so on the rocket and mortar types.

1) Gun-Howitzer Chemical filled <7un-h.0wit.zer projectiles have a gray body

color, .t'i colored band about one--third of the way from the base end of the projectile identifies the grs filling. The colors and their significance ore ^iven below:

- blistc-r grs Blue - Choking geeBrown - Blood and nerve poisons Red - Vomiting gas Green - Tear gas

G-ene rally the ezect agent filling e.g., H or L among the blister cannot be determined from the merkings above. Sometimes a label or stamped mark on the projectile or packing box does reveal this information. In such cases the following symbols ere used.

Mk I - Tear gas Mk II - Vomiting Mk Hi, - Diphenylcyanarsin ga.

Mk 113 - Biphenylchlorarsi Mk III Blister g< Mk III*- Mustard

Mk IIIB- Lewisite

L red band on the nose of the projectiles indicates the projectile is filled with explosive components, abblue band below it, filled with liquid components. A white band near the base and of the projectile indicates a high grade steel projectiles. Tbfcs latter marking occurs in the old system of marking is absent on new system.

7ei^bt variations markings are frequently present on gun-howitzer orojectiles. These are

1. to 2, 5f0 overweight " 5% 5% overweight 0. to 1. 0, plus or minus 0 5% to 1, 5% underweight 1, to 2 5% underweight

C.) PROJSGTILSb ^ND SHELLS (cont)

Reference is made to "Handbook of Japanese explosive Ordnance," O?'SL.V 30-3^, 15 August 19^5 pa??es 126-137 for a detailed explanation of old end new narking systems.'

Frequently on the projectiles examined in the preparation of tbe.= e reports, common markings were missing. This confusion C£n be explained in two ways. One, the projectiles were taken from B-. point in the production line et which markings hsd not yet been rdded. «s many of the items were collected from arsenal^ this possibility is the most likely explanation, oecond, markings may be missing as a result of a strict and consistent specif­ication system. Most likely both factors are involved.

56l-PROJECT3LE3 75mm, BJCENDIARY

General: Color: YelloW Markings: Black Markingst two bars and the symbol "Ya"(incendiary)

between band and bourrelet. Components Empty and without fu*e but with black plastic screw cap. Weight: 7*7 lbs (Empty).

Description; This shell is fixed munition type believed to be designed for the model 90 gun. It has a plain coDper rotating band and a non-tapering base. It measures 5*93 inches from band to bourrelet and has a 1.55, inch base. Bourrelet plus ogive measures 1.53 inches. There is very little taper to the ogive.

Remarks: Reference is made in "Handbook of Japanese Explosive Ordnance" QPNAV to a similar shell on page 1I4.6 feotno.te lU. "Accordin to the new marking3 p g gg

( )system outlined in documents this projectile (Type 90 Incendiary) may be ex­nYanpected to be painted yellow over all with the (Japanese) symbol (meaning -

Incendiary) stenciled near the middle". This shell apparently was to have an Incendiary filling.

560A-?R0J.-gCTIL^. 75MM, (cutaway)

-eneral: Color: Blue grey. Markings: White band just above rotating bend, Japan­

ese characters in white giving nomenclature Dimensions: 12" long, 74-rcim diameter.

Description: This projectile has a short ogive. A single rotat­ing band is near the tail of the projectile, h burster charge case 1-3/4" long, 1-3/16" in diameter is welded to the inside of the nose of the projectile, ^ threaded recess for the fuze typeunknown, is at the nose end. The average wall thickness is 7/16".

Remarks: ^he filling for this projectile is not known. The color of the projectile is the one used by the Japanese .Army for designation of chemical shells. The white bend is evidently indicative of *a high grade steel casing. There are no type filling markings on the projectile examined. Filling would have to be done before the placement of the burster tube, hence the projectile could not be filled with gas under pressure. Filling must be solid or liquid.

Estimated volume for projectile filling is .20%25 gallons.

1J

560C-PRQJ£CTIL5. 75iC'l. (CUTA i-.Y) , T FILLED

General: Color: Blue grey Markings: White band just above the rot&ting band,

one yellov; band one third of the way from toil, one yellow band just below bourrelet

Dimensions 12 inches long, 74-mm diameter.

Description: This projectile has a short ogive. The copper rotating band at the rear of the projectile, is 5/l6 inches wide, The interior of the projectile is divided into two section by a curved, concave upward, steel olate. The up^er compartment apparently serves as a burster well. The spt ce in this section for explosive filling is about Z inches long and 2-J inches in diameter, k booster well screwed to the inside wall of the nose is 3 inches lonr?, 7/8 inches in diameter. The nose of the project ile is screw fitted to the body just above the bourrelet. The average body wall thickness is 3/8 inches. The type fuze used is unknown.

The rear inner compartment of the projectile is 7 inches long and 2 inches in diameter. * threaded opening in the heavy steel base would permit the filling of the projectile in that manner.

Remarks: The yellow band between the rotating band and bourrelet indicates e vesicant filling. ?.o»?ward yellow band is common army designation for a gas filling. it is estimated thst the volume of the re^r section'of the projectile is .15 gallons which as mustt-rd filling would be about 1.5 to 2,0 lbs.

5(iO€

56Ob--ROJJC^IT>:r 75ICM,. G^b (cutaway), 'TQV.ITim/3»3 FILLED

General: Color: Blue prey. Markings: T./bite "band just above rotating bend, red

band one third way from tail end, yeXXow band just below bourrelet.

Dimensions: 11.5 inches long;, 74-rnm diameter.

Description: This projectile has a short ogive. ^ copper rotat­ing band, 1 inch wide near the tail consists of three sections (projectile examined had grooves in rotating bands as if it had been fired). The interior of the projectile consists of a burste charge well, 9-J-" long, 1-5/8" in diameter, a. booster charge well, 2-3/4 inches lonpr and 1 inch in diameter inside the burster and a small gaine, 5/8 inches long inside the booster.

The nose of the projectile is the fore part of the burster charge, well. The body °f the projectile is screwed to the burster charge well about 1^ inches from the nose end. The booster well is screwed into the inside top of the burster well, -"he nose is threaded for the adapting of a fuze, type unknown. There is &n annular space of l/8" average width between the burster well outer wall and the inner well of the body of the projectile.

Remarks: $ filling of vomiting gas (most likely DC) is probably placed in the annular spcce in the projectile. It is estimated that no more th&n -| lb.of an agent could be placed in the smell space.

The detonation of the larre quantity of R£ in the booster could conceivably disperse the vomiting gas filling to small particle size, however this method of disperse 1 doesn't compare favorably with the burning type vomiting gas munition.

Red band on projectile indicates vomiting gas, yellow band by bourrelet is a standard marking for chemical shells.

5603-PROJSCTILg. 75MM. C-A3 (cutaway) , VOMITING Cn.^ FILLED

6

592A-HlOJi;CTIL.;, 100MM, (CUTAWAY)

General: Color : Blue grey Markings: White band just above rotating band. Contents: Unknown Dimensions: 15-4-/5" long, Diameter of body 99mm. We igb t: Unknown.

Description: This projectile has a low caliber ogive. One inch from the rear end of the projectile is a 1.3 in. wide copper rotating band. The shell is made in two pieces. The main, body component extends from the nose of the shell five sixths of'the way back to the tail. The second component • consists of a metal cup, having the same outside diameter as the rest of the shell. It screws onto the base of the main component- The copper rotating band is attached to this cup. There ere 15-7/16" diameter holes in the base of the cup grouped around a percussion cap and 10-7/16" diameter holes in the side well of the cup which lead to the inner surface of the rotating band. Apparently ex- '"' pansion of the rotating band is accomplished by the expansion of gases through these holes. There is a celluloid cup which fits snugly into the metal cup covering the holes in the base and sides, h, booster type V a i n e " 3-|IT long, 1" in diameter is screwed into the nose of the shell and extends into the interior, of the main component. The wall of the projectile body is 5/16" thick. The wall of the tail cup is J-" thick.

Remarks: The blue grey color establishes this as a chemical shell according to the army system of marking referred to in "Handbook of Japcnese Explosive Ordnance," 15 August 194-5* Approximate volume of interior of the projectile is#3 gal. Partially obliterated Japanese characters are translated to say "light shelly . tf

592A-PR0J£a?ILE, 100MM, (CUTAV/AY)

105 kite. TYPjj 92.VJMCANT FILLED

General.; Color : GreyMarkings: Wide jrellow band between bourrelet and rotat­

ing bsnd. There is, also, a red and blue band at the nose. White markings ere stenciled on body denoting weight (standard), dste of manufacture, and piace filled (N).

Components Projectile only (Fuzeless)Dimensions 105mm diameter, 20" long without fuze. •• e i g b t : 35 lbs..(filled.)

Description: This steel projectile has a loner tapering ogive £ nd a cooler insert bourrelet. The rotating band has two grooves form­ing three gas rings. The^e is a short burster tube screwed into the nose and a short £?aine threaded to the burster and set with a screw. The projectile is liquid filled It takes type 88 instantaneous fuze..

Remarks: rtefer to the corresponding lithograph #32 for complete detailed description. Notation on lithograph has following information: "otreamlined K 11."

60594

M

* * * J L

8 3

M. 92 STREAM-LINED" Kll "(BLISTERING GAS) SHELL OF M. »f 91 10 CM. HOWITZER on

i

IB, 3%(

±

1549 cc

a

WT.OF SHELL BODY

WT. OF CHARGED MATERIAL

r- WT. OF BURSTING CHARGE

rWT.OF BOOSTER

3,3 0

0. 1 0 •

0.04­

WT. OF FUSE 0 1 7. • $>]

15 .84 . TOT. WT. OF PROJECTILE

7**4

\ tvj

n •- 2

3mm

Eighth U. S. Army Printing Plant (Boonjudo)

55-A PROJECTILE, 105Ui. (CUTAWAY), CHEMICAL- FILLED

General : Color s Blue-Grey Markings: r.hitc band just above rotating band, red band 1/3 the

way up the body, yellovy band just below the bourrclet, Dimensions: length: IS,7 inches, Liameter: (of body) 10i|. 111. "ieicrht: Unknown.

Description: The "bourrelct" of this shell is a brass bend c/lQ of an inch •""ide. Ti'cr:;. is a j/C inch vide copper rotating band which is grooved tvri.ee. along its circumference dividing it into thrso equal segments, "The inside cf the shell consists of a cylindrical burster charge, a bfcost^r inside the burster, and a fuse vroll inside the. booster. •The burster charge canister1

extends all the. way to the base plate and nearly fills the entire inside of the shell, lervin^r an average s^acc of'only 3/l^ of an inch between the burster *r;all and the shell vail. This space is occupied by the chemical filling. The booster extends 1 9/l6 inches into the burster and the fuse well extends Il/l6 inches into the booster. The average thickness of the shell vail is 1/2 inch,

Remarks: fince there is no apparent facility for filling the shell rdth a gaseous chemical under pressure, we assume that the fill is a liquid pr solid, iicoording to one Japanese system of marking shells the red band indicates vomiting gas. ,, .

^bis projectile is very much like the one recorded in the loose-leaf notebook, Jeps nese Chemical './a«?fere, except for the leek of red and blue nose bends and the addition of the yellow band by the bourrelet.

-5 5 A

itr

55-B PIdCJBCTIIE (CUTA7AY), CFELICAL, FILLED

Generals Blue Grey

Markings: "ihite b?nd just above rotating band, ycllovr band one third the r-ay up the body..

Dimensions: Length; 19.7 inches, Diameters (of body) IQLJ. MM« "/bights Unknown.

Description: The "bourrelet" of this shell is a brass band I4./5 inches wide. There is a 7/8 inch wide copper rotating band which is grooved twice along its circumference dividing it into 3 equal segments. The burster charge is small being 6.9 inches long and 1.1+ inches in diameter. The chemical filling occupies the rest of the space in the shell casing. The average thickness of the shell wall is 1/2 inch.

Remarks; .'according to the Japanese marking system the yellow band indicates blister gps. It is estimated that the volume of chemical filling would be about l/2 gal., approximately 5 or 6 lbs. if the filling vrere mustard.

55-C PKDJECTnS, (CUT^'&Y), CHEMICAL FILLLL.

General: Color: Elue Gray. I. larking s: \ihite band just above rotating band one third the vray

up the bod;/, yellow band just below the "bourrlet". Contents: A. booster, a burster charge, a fuse well, and a chemical

fill, Dimensions: length; 19.2 inches, Diameter; (of Body) height: Unknown •

Descrintion: The "bourrlet" of th is shell i s a brass band o/lO of an inch wide. ITicre i s a 7/S in , vd.de copper rotat ing band which is groved twice along i t s circumference dividing i t into three equal segments. The inside of the shel l consists of a cylindrical burster charge, a booster inside the burster , and a fuse r e l l inside the booster. The fuse well extends 1.J1+ inches dD7.ii into the booster, the booster extends 3*5 inches dovjn into the burs ter , and the burs ter extends 9*71 incl.es down into the she l l . The remaining snace i s taken un by the chemical f i l l . The average thickness of thf shell r a i l i s l / 2 inch. Inner ^ a l l of shel l i s 1acquired, provides oorrossion resistance ag-inst mustard,

vrithhemarks: Since there i s no ?npearent f a c i l i t y for f i l l i n g the shell a gaseous chemical under - rcssurc , we assume that the f i l l i s a l iquid or solid. According to 6ne Japanese system of marking, the. lo-we r yellow band indicates b l i s t e r gas. I t i s estimated that the volume of chemical f i l l i n g would be about 5/S g a l f , aporoxirriPtcly U to 5 VDS if the f i l l i n g w-.re mustardf

FILLED

General: Color: Blue grey Markings: '.•/bite "band just above rotating band, blue

bsnd one third the wsy up the body, second vbite bsnd just above blue band.

Dimensions 16-3/4" long, Diameter (of bo-;y) 104rnm.

Pe script ion: ^his projectile has a. short ogive. There is a .83 in. vide rotating band. The inside of the projectile consists of 8 burster charge "grains", 5-1/20" long and 1-7/16" in diameter The remainder of the projectiles interior is occupied by the chemical filling. The approximate volume of the interior of the projectile for filling is ,4 gal. The nose of the projectile is threaded for receipt of fuze.

Remarks: There was no filling in this projectile, howevsr marking (blue band) indicates a choking gas filling.

\

t » 51)

VOMITING C-

This i^em v/es desc r ibed in the loo&elesf notebook, "Japanese Chemicsl - / a r f s r t , " psp e W28a, v/itbout nhoto^rapb. Photogrspb bas been r i v s n to b e t t e r i l l u s t r a t e t h i s i tem, .Pertinent d^ t a : 19" long w/o fuse , wi i^bt - 36 l b r . ( f i l l e d ) , f i l l i n g - DC and HE, Fuze-Type G£, gun used in - 105mm gun.

, 12.7 cm, ^CN-

General: Color: Blue Markings: Black nose tip, unpainted met si band on nose

finite label. Dimensions: 17-|" long, including dummy fuze plug.

125 mm. diameter, 'eight: 49 - l"bs.

Description: The projectile is conically shaped, made of heavy steel. ^he nose screws into the body and two grub screws prevent the nose from loosening. The upper part of the projectile can be removed by removing two screws and then unscrewing the upper part of the projectile.

There is a copper rotating band near the use of the project lie.

Remarks: The filling of the projectile was not determined as no examination of the contents was made. According to the label on'the projectile this is a marnesium flare projectile.

The projectile is similar in its outer appearance to the 12.7 cm L± projectile reported in "Japanese Projectiles and Fuzes"] M£1V ff^, 19 Janus-ry 19^5, page 119.

Photograph shows both 322ii and 3223.

15

£C^IL£, 12.7

General; Color: Red 1-Isrkings; Black nose tip, White label. Dimensions: 17-J- in. long, including dummy fuze plug.

125 mm. diameter, '"eight; 48-|- lbs.

R- merks: This projectile is identical with Projectile, 12.7 cm, i-Ic p nesiurr, Flere, Blue, item 322ii except for the color snd mark­ings.

Photograph for 322A shows this item marked B.

16

713-PK0J-CTILar 150MM, TYPZ 92, VI.SIC^NT FILLJID

G-eneral: ~~™ Color: blue Gr^y

Markings; Blue band and red "band at nose tip, one yellow band near rotating band.

Dimensions 23" long, (less fuze), 154 mm diameter. •eight: 69 lbs.

Descriotion: The projectile is made of heavy steel and froi: the bourrelet forward is conically shaped. The note plug can be re­moved and replaced by a nose fuze. There is a copper rotating band near the base of the projectile. There is a booster well which contains the booster charge. This projectile uses a type 88 instantaneous fuze.

Remarks: No examination was made of the "contents of this shell It is identical with the litnograoh No. 44 which describes this shell as containing blister gas.

The projectile u used in a. Type 4, 15 cm Horwitzer.

17

60592 M.92 STREAM-LINED "Kll" (BLISTERING GAS) SHELL OF M.4 I5CM

WT. OF SHELL BODY

WT. OF CHARGED MATERIAL

WT. OF BURSTING CHARGE

f—WT. OF BOOSTER

i : |WT OF FUSE 0 - 1 7

0 . 2 8 "

TOT. WT.OF PROJECTILE

eighth U. S. Army Printing (Boonjudo)

714-rmr-gcTiLa. lSOmm, TYPE 93, VOMITING G.^S FILLED

General* Jolor- Blue Mu rising s- Ked band and blue band at nose t ip , red band near

rotating bund. Dimensdions­ 22 inches long (Less fuze), l^lym. diameter Y/eight­ 70i lbs fi l led

Description; The projectile is made of nervy s teel . From the bourrelet forward is conical shaped, :The nose plug cm be -removed and replaced by a nose fuze. There is a copper rotating band nea^ th<3 base of the projecti le . The projectile is equipped with a booster charge that is contained in a booster tube*. I t uses a type 88 instantaneous fuze. Kemarks: The contents of the projectile were not examined, however is probably D G, This projectile is identical to that shovrn in l i t hog-TO ph No. 47. Translation: . Lithograph has additional notation:

The projectile is used in a Type 4» 15 c r n Howitzer.

1

18

A ^ 60656 M.93 STREAM-LINED AKA (SNEEZING GAS) SHELL OF M. 4 I5CM. HOWITZER

WT. OF SHELL BODY WT OF

CHARGED MATERIAL WT. OF BURST. CHGE.

# ^ M - X iWT. OF BOOSTER

WT.OF FUSE

0. 0 8 0

0 . 1 7 0 .

TOT.WT.OF PROJECTILE

Eighth U. S. Army Printing Plant (Boonjudo)

150mm, 15 3KQKE

General: Colors :'ih i t e Markings; Japanese characters giving: kind of shell

and df. te of mt-nuf acture, a red "band at the nose.

Components: Nose, Body Dimensions: 25it" long, Diameter 150mm. weight: 75~lbs.

Description: Nose: The nose is conical shaped end screwed onto the body,' There are flat places on opposite sides that a wrench may be fitted onto in order to loosen the nose from the body. The plug on the end of the nose may "be removed and a fuze in­serted in its place.

Body: The body is 18.3" long. There is a copper rotating ring, •§•" wide, 1,6" from the baae of the shell,.

Remarks: On the shell crate there sre Japanese characters stating that this projectile is to be used in a 4 Ye&r 15 Shrapnel Gun. No other reference could be found on this projectile,- The type of filling is unknown, but the -/bite color of the shell seems to denote white phosphorous. The color is identical with the color of Projectiles, 90mm, Kortar, Type 1, 5m,-I:-- Provisional for Type 94- Light Mortar,. which is known to contain white phosphorous. This shell was made in June, ^

is

57VPKO J3 j

G-eneiaZs Color: Gray Markings: I wHilifee band in front of the rotat ing ring, 1 "blue­

band 6 i n . from the base, 1 white bind in fronttpftfthe blue band,

Dimensions, 23i iii» long, I49mni« di?meter Weight* 62 £ l b s . (empty)

Description: The nose isogival shaped and is adapted fo^ a sc^eu-in fuze., •fhe tody i s cyl indr ical ly shaped and; has a copper ---otating ring, 1 3/4 ^n* from the base of the s h e l l .

Remarks; The she l l v/as empty and the f i l l i n g to be used in i t i s unKiiown, houever colo-r and markings would indicate a choking gas f i l l i n g . Photograph shov/s items 37^,, 37B, 37C >?D in that order.

20

STE-lTvOJ^TILE. IS era, EL1PTY

General; Color: Gray Markings j 1 vrhite band in front of the rotating band. Dimensions; 23i in long, 149mm. diaiueter. height: 80 lbs . (empty)

Kemarks; Except for the weight of the project i le and th^ ma^kin^s, th i s shel l is identical v/ith the project i le described in Item 57^«

Photograph i l l u s t r a t ing 37^ shovs th i s project i le marked P.

21

S, lhcm, 2MTY

General: Color; Gray Ma rKi ngsl> 1 white band in front of the rotating band, 1 olive

drab band 6 in . f om b \se of the shell* IJimensions; in long, 149mm. diameter V) e ight : l b s . (empty)

"Retnarks; Except for the markings, this project i le is ident ica l with the I'r-ojectile described in Item 57*t»

The pro jec t i le examined had been launched as the rotat ing band bore r i f l i ng marks. The significance of the olive drab band colo1" i s not i£:io\r:i. I t i s believed that th is project i le i s f i l led with a chemical agent.

Photograph i l l u s t r a t i n g 57^ shows th i s item marked C.

22

a, EMPTY

Color: Grag Markings: 1 white band in front of the ro ta t ing band, 1 yellow band

6 in* f-nom the base of the s h e l l . Dimensions; 23i- in , long, 149nini. diameter he igh t : 62^ l b s , (empty)

Pemarks t Except fo r the markings, t h i s p r o j e c t i l e i s i den t i ca l u i t h the one described iii Item SI-*"

F i l l i n g for< t h i s p r o j e c t i l e i s not known, howver the yello1."/ band indicates a bliste-r gas falling.

photograph for 57^ shows this item marked D*

23

General: Color: Gray Dimensions: 21 - in, long, II4.Q diameter ' i e i^ at i 60 lbs. (empty)

Description: The cgival shaped nose screws onto the tody. There is a fuze adapter '.vhich accepts a nose fuze.

The body has a eppper rotating band l£ in. from thebaee. The front end of the projectile isenclosed by/a steel di^c. On the base end of the shell there is a 1 7/3 in., hexagonal nut hich can be removed to permit the fillirv, of the shell. -*n air vent, •} in. in diameter, threaded to accept a plu^, is located in the base of the shell. Tv/o indentures, $/8 in. in diameter and 3/5 in. deep, are located 130 decrees diametrically opposite each other on the base of the shell. .», forKr;d vp-ench f i ts into these indentures and permits the shell to be op.nedo

It is believed that markings had not yet been placed on the projectile. Thispn)jectile is apparently to be filled from the base end v/ith a blister gas (s^e item j59^)•

Photograph sho-./s items 373* 57F, and 57G.

24

PRQJ^CTIL£i 15cm, MP Y

General: Color*. Blue-gray. Dimensions: 19J inches long, 148mm diameter. ./eight: 67 lbs . (empty).

Description'. The ogival shaped nose screws onto the body and has £ threaded adapter which recievss a fuze. A metel disc closes the end of the nose that connects to the body. Upon removing the nose the body may be filled.. The disc separates the filling in. the body from the charge in the nose.

ii copper rots ting band is located 1-3/4 in. from the bese of the projectile.

Remarks: This projectile is believed to filled with a ves icant gas. The particular shell examined was .empty.

Photograph for 57^ shows this item marked 57F.

25

5?G—I*R0Ji;CTIL£5 15 cm

General: Color: Red Markings: One yellow labe l . Dimensions t 22~3/4rr lonp1, 148 mm diameter. -e ight : 92§- l b s .

Description: The entire sbell is made of one piece except the bate plug, 4-| in. in diameter. The front end of the shell tc.pers to a very shsrp point. The shell casing is made of hetvy machined steel. There are two-copper rotating bends neer the base of the shell. There rs L smaller threaded plug in the center o: the me.in plug. Both plugs are equipped with indentures to permit the use of a forked wrench for loosening the plugs.

Remarks: The contents of this projectile are unknown. It is possible that the chemiccl agent insert, for 15 cm Projectile, item Z1A is to be used in this projectile.

Photograph for 573 shows this item marked G.

26

FILLED. (OUT.;,.',.Y)

Genera l : Color: Bluo c;ray Markings; 'white band above rotating band, blue baud about on^

t h i r l the way up body, wiilfce band above blue band. Dimensions: 232 inches long, 149 mui diameter

Description; This roject i le lias a one piece body and nose* The nose is diort _gival shaped. ** burster wi?ll 7 3/8 inches long, 1 ^ / l6 in. diameter is

screwed to the inside of th^ nose. .*. 7/8 inch fuze pocket for receipt of a fuze is in the nose. •» 5/8 inch wide copper rotating b nd is located 1 to 2 inches frcrr. the rear end of the projoct i lc .

The in ter ior of the p^^jectile is one large cavity for whatever f i l l ing is to bo used. .vvera^e wall thicknees is 9/16 inches. xhe base is f/l indies thick, approximate capacity of space for f i l l ing is -75 gallons.

KemarKS; The blue bu.id marking i.iSdcates a choking gas f i l l ing* This cutaway appears to be identical to the whole projectile

57** (Project i le , 15 cr-0 •

L I

27

5 59E-.. 1.5cm,

General; Color: Blue gray

'Jhite band abov .; rotating band Dim. ns ions: 23 in. long, I40 mm diameter

lj. t ion: This projectile has a long, tapered noso which is threaded internally to receive a fuze. Seated inside the nose, and pr-ojocting dovrnv/ard into the interior of the projectile isva butter 2..6 inches long 1 3/l6 inches in diameter* "ithin this bustor is a gaine casing 3/8 inches long and 3/8 inches in diameter.

.i 1 inch wide copper rotating band, segmented t^ice around i t s circumference making throe rings, is closeto the rear end of the projecti le.

The estimated internal volume of the projectile for fi l l ing is •< .8 j gallons.

Pvemirks? The f i l l ing for this projectile is not known, however i t is belf~¥ed to be chemical agent f i l led. The one white band presumably indicates the high grade quality of the steel in the proj'ectile.

28

559C-rR0J£CTIL2, 15cm, CH^KIC^L FILLED, (cutaway)

General: Color: Blue grey. i-larkings: White band above rotating band, red band one

third way up body, yellow band below bourrelet Dimensions: 22 inches long, 148 mm diameter.

Description: This projectile has a long tapered nose, is made of heavy, hifrh grade (indicated by lower white band) steel. It is composed of three parts; the body, the burster section and the nose tip.

The body is of average 9/16 inch wall thickness, has a 7/8 inch thick solid base. .A copper rotating band is located near the base end of the project lie. This band is C8 inch wide, is grooved equally spaced, twice around its circumference. The base end is tapered slightly to a smaller diameter below the rotating band. A bourrelet is located on the upper part of the body ending at the point at which the taper to the nose tip begins

The burster section screws, into a threaded recess in the body of the projectile 7-3/4 inches from the nose end. This section consists of 6;V inches of the tspered nose and include; the burster tfoe 19 'inches long, 3 inch diameter. This burster extend:-1 to the base of the projectile on the inside. A small annular space remains between the body wall and burster wall. The chemical filling of the projectile is placed in this space.'

The nose section is the top 1-g- inches of the tapered nose length. It is screwed to the burster section of the projec­tile. It is threaded internally for receipt of a fuze. L gaine (intermediate charge container) and fuze well are screwed to the inside of the nose and burster sections.

Remarks: The red band marking indicates a vomiting gas filling,

29

59C-3.CJJCT1L-', 15om, OniT IC.'L

30

b59D--?R0J-£CrnIL£, 15 cm, ChiKICx.L FILLED, (

General: Color °. 31ue gray Me rkings: ^bite band above rotating bend, yellow

bend 1/3 wa,y up bodjr, yellow bend below bourrelet.

dimensions 32 in. long, 148 mm diameter.

Description: Tbis projectile is constructed of high prade steel, varying in thickness in the wall from about 3/8 inches to 13/16 inches. It has a long tapering nose and can be disassembled into three sections, the body, nose midsection and nose tip.

Slightly over 2-g- inches from the tapered base end is a 3/4 inch copper rotating band which is grdved twice along its circumference making three rings. The solid base end is 13/l6 inch thick. The forward end of the body is internally threaded for receiving the nose midsection. The rear end of the burster of the projectile is fixed to the inside forward end o"" thi body. It extends approximately^ inches into the interior of the body and is 3-3/4- inches in diameter.

The nose midsection, is about 4-| inches of the tapered nose. It screws into the body, provides the top half of the burster hollow.

The nose end of the projectile screws into the nose midsection about !•§- inches from the tip. This nose is internally threaded for a fuze. A gaine, 2-7/8 inches long, I~13/l6 inches is screwed to the inside of the nose end. ±> ems 11 fuze pocket is suspended on the inside top of the gaine.

The estimated capacity of the space below the burster for chemical filling is .9 gallons.

The inner wall of the chemical filling section of the projectile is lacquered.

Remarks: The markings on the projectile indicate a blister agent filling. The lacquered walls of the filling section supports this conclusion. The burster is undoubtedly filled with HE.

cm, CH^^IC^L FILLED (CUIV, J J J~^I '. XLJ-Z,.

General} Color- Blue gray Ma rkings­ 'Jhito band above rotating band, yello'7 band 1/3 the way

up body, yell band belov; bourrelet.. Dimonsions­ ^ inches long, 11+8 ma dia

Description: This projectile has a short ogive, is ma'"e of high grade steel of ~>/lG inchesvjall thickness. The interior of the projectile i s lacquered. The projectile can be disassembled into tvo sections, the body and the ogival nose. The base end of the body is 1 - inches thick. ^ 1 7/8 inch hexagonal nut i s serened into the opening in the baoe. Presumably filling the of the rear section of the projectile can be done through this opening. ** single copper rotating band, tapered to the nose end is loce ted l£ inches from the base end. .* bourrolet is on the fore and of the body section ending at the joining surface between body ai 1 nose. Fermle threads are in the top of the body for receiving the nose piece. .* £ inch thick steel plate located across the top of the body, just belov the threads* This plate separates the burster section, mainly the nose of the projectile, from the chemical fi l l ing compart­ment. TI-- r.cr-; 1 i :r" •..'. . J>-\'.-^r\\:.jZ. for "' ^l-'l-.^ .. fuzo "!!•". c-;4::!::.­-1 tu; The nose is female threaded for receiving a fuze and contains

at i t s forward end a gain- tube, 3 inches long, 1 inch in diameter.

ICstimat_d capacity of chemical fi l l ing section is .85 gallons. •Remarks; I t is believed that the ->-u <:r compartment of this projectile is b l i s te r gas f i l led . The markings and the lacquering of the inner '.7a 11s sup­port thio belief. The for./ard (noes) compartment is probably H ~Z f i l led.

This cutaway section seams to be identical to the -..'hole projectile, 15 cm, item 57E.

6QA- on '-H ;3.0TH

General: Color: Clear Taequere'd Brass Body Markings: Japanese characters stamped on bottom of

body giving mfr. and mfg. date. Japanese •characters stamped on body reading "special dec ret".

Contents: Base: primer and propellent charge. Body: two pyrotechnic, trains, igniters and

.filling. Dimensions Overali - 6" long.

Body - 5" long. Weight: 1.2 lbs.

Description: The body of the shell is constructed of a shaped piece of sheet metal and has a hemispherical nose. On the sides of the shell toward the base are four gold colored metal foils each covering seven circular flame ports. These foils are burned through when ^he shell is ignited.

The primer, and propellent char-e in the base are in line with igniter and pyrotechni0 trains in the body, -All of these elements are set off in succession following initial det­ination.

Translations taken from the shell labels, state that this shell is i fired from the type 89 Grenade Discharger and the shell is used as a air burst flare.

Remarks: This shell is very nearly identical to "50mm Incen­diary Shell" (Special Type) reported in "Japanese Chemical "warfare notebook, Office of Chief Chemical Officer, Kqs., US^oOS, APO 50V? However considering the definite nomenclature on shell examined ';? which differs from that in aforementioned notebook and lack of information of the composition of the filling, this shell has been considered as possibly a different one.

Photograph shows items 60& and 60B, respectively.

L, 50mm, 10th Y^R, J L,50mm, 10th i^R, F

60B-bri£LL, 50MM 10TH

G-eneral: Color : Natural brass with unpeinted base nd a

black propellent assembly. Components: Body, Base, Propellent .Assembly. Weight; 1,12 lbs.

Descr 1 pt 1 on: Body : The body is mede of sheet metal with a hemispherical shaped nose. There are ei^ht sets of perforations each of which has seven circular flame perts. These perfor­ations are covered with silver colored metal foil.

Base: The base is mede of very light metal, pre­sumably aluminum or aluminum alloy.. Into this is screwed a steel cylinder containing the propellent charge and primer.

Propeliant Assembly: In this assembly there & re six holes which permit the escape of the gases caused from the exploding propeliant.

Rem&rks: This flare was designed to be. fired from the Type 10th Ye&r Grenade Discharger which is a Forerunner of the "Knee Mortar", The contained charge is unknown as no analysis was made. 10th Year is 1935 according to the ohawa era calendar.

Reference Handbook of Japanese Explosive Ordnance, 15 1945, 158-159.

36

8- OHELL. mm., TYPE 1 **•, rrv0V. F0TLTY£E_9_0 FIULD GIJN

General: Color- Black with red* tipped nose Markings- projectile: '/hite band, Above the white

band and in hi te is the p.Lus-over-minus c, iu;n of a normally weighted shell . «».lso above the •./hite band is the Japanese charac­ter of •>- Yellow. Below the band is a red circle and the Japanese characters for "Steel Special"

Cartridge Case: "18.4 A" and v/hat is believed t j be an arsenal mark are in indel­ible blue on the cartridge case

Components I'rojectil . cartridge c_­, se, propellmt change Dimensions Diameter of ^hell ­ - 75 nun*

Length of cartridge case — 16 3/'.\. inches Length oi projectile — 10^ inches

./eight­ 22 lbs.

Description: Apparently th i s io fixed ammunition, however th is round ./as found disasaejibledL, pro jec t i le and cartridge case packed separately The project i le is s teel with a sha^p cgival nose. I t has two copper rotating bands and has a fuze at the base wiich is in i t ia ted by the burning of the propellant cha^£3. tfhe propellant change consists of two bu-dies of olive colored power s t r ips t ied together with s i lk co-cl. One of those bundles i s about he third the length of the other. The long bundle is wrapped at the "; me in a cloth bag to which has been sewed a sn:.all baB of black Lowaur i n i t i a t o r .

Remarks; A shell presumed to be th i s one is shown in "Handbook of Japanese Explosive O-ndnance,rt 13 august i\3, a cha-t on p-olje.itile data on page lzj/>, a photograph (ite-a-T) on page 1^5. ^Aj 1 fuze i is used in the projec t i le r-efe--ed to. Fi l l ing i3 H E.

3?

ELL, 75 mm., TiT3 1 ,J/,

717-S3BLL. r S 9 2 , VEOTC JIT FJ.LLJD

General; Color­ Grey Markings­ 7/ido yellow band one third of the vn.y between the

rotating b nd and bour^elot. There ic, also, 3 blue sni red bind at the nose* White markings ^^e stenciled on the body denoting weight, date, and place of f i l l ing

•Jo';.vpononto-(10 .

Fixed round of loaded cartridge ind loided projectile. Dimensions­ Diameter of Projectile- 75mm, Overall length of fixed roun.'

22 inches (loss fuze)

Description; Four rounds of this fixed type amiaunition \-r. piclc-jl in i v:oodcn box. Typi. 88 instantanious fuzes ^re individually p icicaged and con-t ancd in the box.

The projectile is similar to Item 7l6 (q.v.) but has i shorter burster tube .ni is liquid filled (bl .ste^ g^s).

f^fer to the COT- ,sponding lithograph if 20 fo^ complete detailed description

This p-nojectil2 is to be us.d in i Type 38 field Gun.

39

50-272 M92 Kii (blistering gas) shell of M 38 field gun etc

4

Wt.of shell body

^wT.of charged materid

Wt.of bursting

Wt.of booster ! 0 . 0 6 5

l—+-Total wt.of

•• ••

projectile

fixed ammunition

Eighth U. S. Army Printing Plant (Boonjudo)

-SHflL, 751H-:, TY?£ 92. VOMITING 0^3 FILLED

General: Color; Gray -."arkings: Wide red bend one third of the way between

the rotating band a..id bourrelet. There is sleo, £ blue and red band at the nose. Wbi markings are stenciled on the body denotin weight ( under), date, and place of fillin. (N).

Components Fixed round of loaded cartridge and loaded projectile.

Dimensions Diameter 3f Projectile 75mm, Overall lengt of fixed round, 22" (less fuze). IS lbs. filled.

Description: Four rounds of this fixed tyre ammunition are packed in a v/ooden box. Type 89 instantaneous fuzes are in­dividually pac'raered and contained in the box.

The projectile has a narrow copper rotating band, a long body £nd a short tsperins ogive. & large burster tube is screwed into the nose end & booster is screwed into the burster and set with a screw, k sneezing gas filling (believed to be DC) lies between the burster and the steel projectile, wall.

Remarks: Refer to the corresponding lithograph #21 for complete detailed description.

•40

M 9 2 HAKA"(sneezing gos) shell

Wt.of shell body Wtof charged material Wt.of bursting charge Wt.of booster VJ/t.of fuse

Wt.of projectile

" " fixed ammunition

Eighth U. S. Army Printing Plant (Boonjudo)

G-ene ral : Color: .tied projectile Xarkinsrs: Japanese characters painted in unite on

projectile, Japanese characters and Arabic numerals stamped on cartridge case.

Dimensions Shell length; 21J" Cartridge case length: llg-" Projectile length: 11.4" Diameter of projectile; 74mm Diameter of cartridge case: 64mm

height: Projectile (empty, w/o fuze) - 8-7/8 lbs. Cartridge case (empty) - 2-3/4 lbs.

Description: Projectile: h E:pa rating plate approximately 3" in from the nose end sectioralizes the projectile interior into two comport meats. There are three -J" holes in this plate arranged.in a line. The middle hole opens into a 6 inch deep hollow. The two outside holes open into an annular section between the projectile wall 6nd the hollow, A single rotating band is at the base end of the projectile.

It seems likely thtt fuze and gaine fill the for­ward compartment and a burster tube is inserted into the 6 inch hollow* It is not known what filling would no into the annular space, however the construction indicates a chemical a^ent filling.

Cartridge case? It was of the type used in the type 11th year Ai: Gun,

41

- - - • - . , /

621-C0L0RIZING AGENT. 1'ILLO'/, 1 2 . 7 CM, 40 CUL. DIUL PURPOSE GUN 1 ' ' I I I I » I I . « » Mi ir, • . • • » ^ » i r * • i .... • ... .. ii . . . I . ! . ., i n . .,

General; Color; Black with white lsbel. Markings: Japanese characters on label giving nomencla­

ture and factory dcte of manufacture. Dimensions: 3-3A" long, 3-1/8" Diameter, v/eight: 1.25 lbs.

Description: The container is made of heavy metal and has a conical nose 0.6" long and 2n in diemeter.

Remarks: This container is used in a 12.7 CM shell, apparently it can be used as a signal or as e target indicator.

i

42

FOR 15 era

General: Color: Braes

Thite labels . Copponent s Conical container, Fiat container. Dimensions Lenptb 44 in. (overall), Diameter 3.3

(at base). '.'eight: 1.28 lbs . ( to ta l ) .

Description: Conical container: The container is conical shaped with a hemispheric^1 nose of 1 in. di&meter. The nose &nd bsse art soldered to the body, ^his insert contains DC which Vu.s an average purity, based on the percentage of arsenic^ of 91.1 per­cent.

Flat container: The flat container is •§- in. thick and 3e'3 in. in diameter. The lid is soldered to the container. This insert contains CN. There is a brass colored disc that is placed between this container and the conical container.

Remarks: Both of these inserts sre us^d together in a Mk 4, 15 cm Gun. Ap^srent object of the use of this insert is to obtain harassing effect of the chemical agents at the time of the explosion of the projectile.

43

~ — T v"­c . ••/. 12.7 cm rV

General: hrass Color: "/hite label giving nomenclature £ nd man-Markings: ufacturing data.

Dimensions 3-3/V long, 3 " diameter. 1.38 lbs.

pe script!on 1 The container is cylindrically shaped enql has an extension which is 2J in. in diameter and tapers to 2 in. in diameter. The extension is 5/8 in. long. Cylinder is m&de of eb l/32" steel plate, brass lecquer coated. Remarks: This insert contains CN» It is used in a 12.7 cm G-un. according to the translation of the label, this insert was manufactured in ITarch 1939* by the Naval Technical Research, The extension on the insert fits into an indenture in the base o the 12.7 cm Projectile. Presumably the remainder of the pro­jectile contains an explosive charge.

The projectile in which this insert is used is identical to the 12.7 cm *& projectile, the lar^-st Japanese fixed ammunition reported.

'RJoTRKJTSD

DISTRIBUTION LI-JT

Copy No.

1 - 3 G--2, V/DIT, AFPikC, for C-Kq Library

4-1? n-2, WDIT, for trsnsmittal to G--2, War Department

14 - IB Office of Chief ^bemicsl Officer, AF?iiC

19 - ^3 Chief, Cbemicc. 1 ./-irfere oervice, ,/asbington, D.O.

44 * 58 Technical Intelligence Center reserve f i les

59 - 61 Tecbnicel Intellicrence Center

62 - 64 Technical Intelligence Center Cbemicsl section

65 - 69 Chemicel Officer, ^

70 - 74 Chemical Officer,

75 - 79 Cberaicel Officer, PiiCU i

CO - 88 Chemical Officer, ^iphth Army

59-100 Fi le , Office of Chief Chemical Officer, AFPAC