Japan under the shogun
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Transcript of Japan under the shogun
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Chapter 13
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P. 283 A shogun was a military leader in Japan A ronin was a warrior who had no leader
Honour was the most important thing to a warrior – imp. enough to give your life for
This is best shown in the story of the “47 Ronin”
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Power and Control
“to understand the story of the 47 ronin is to understand Japan”
This story takes place during the “Edo” or “Tokugawa” time period in Japan
“Edo” was present-day Tokyo
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Before this time, the Japanese people were constantly fighting
The “nobles” were known as daimyo
“Tokugawa” is a title given to the leaders, just like the words “King” or “Lord”
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Tokugawa Ieyasu
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1603: Ieyasu defeated a rival daimyo in a great battle
The Emperor made him a shogun, and gave him tremendous power
His goal was to keep his power by creating a stable gov’t
He spread the land and power to lords around Japan; this helped control the other daimyo
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Change:
1. Hostages: Daimyo were forced to live in Edo every second year, without their family. They were held as a kind of “hostage” in case their family planned an uprising
2. Shared power: there was a federal gov’t called the “Shogunate,” and many local ones run by daimyo
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3. Strict Laws: the daimyo’s clothes, marriages, and money was controlled; they were forced to pay for things like building roads
-other laws: p. 286
*all of these laws were meant to take away some of the power from the daimyos, so that they could not revolt
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Feudalism, again...
The feudal hierarchy was based on land: lords became rich from the work of peasants
The goal of a hierarchy is always control Each class was hereditary – passed on
through families by birth
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The Samurai
Well-respected Lived with their shogun (leader) Only they were allowed to have swords There were ranks of samurai – the
lowest were “ronin” who had no masters Weren’t allowed to trade or sell – lived
simple lives
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Page 290: The Way of the Warrior Seppuku – a ritual suicide performed by
samurai
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Peasants
Mostly farmers Were worked extremely hard Laws controlled everything they did No tobacco, no wine, needed
permission to travel
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Artisans
Artists and craftspeople Son`s were forced to take after their
fathers Made paper, porcelains, containers,
clocks, pans, etc. Had a lower status than an peasant
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Merchants
Bought and sold from artisans and farmers
Shipped food and materials A lot like bankers Bottom of the social order Gov`t spies reported a merchant who
showed off wealth, or criticized the gov`t
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Women
Performed duties depending on what class they were born into
Women living in the country had more freedom
Worked in the home, and also did labour Considered ``lower`` than men Not allowed to own property
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Outcasts
Shunned by most of society because of their work, which usually involved death
Ex: Leather tanners, butchers, people who deal with dead bodies
Could not live in society, change jobs, enter homes, or be in the city after 8pm
Example: the Ainu people
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Honour & Duty
Social control – rules and customs meant to control people’s behaviour; aims to maintain order
Teaching of Confucius taught society class distinctions
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Confucius
Chinese scholar Taught morals – how to live “right” Teachings brought to Japan by Buddhist
monks Taught that everyone had a role in
society Everyone accepts this = peace
people rebel = chaos
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Encouraged people to be modest, and work/study hard
Rules for proper behaviour and compassion
Golden rule: “What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others.”
Taught about 5 basic relationships (p.296)
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Filial piety – faithfulness and devotion to parents
p. 297 – Social Uniformity
p. 298 – Edo values in modern Japan
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Group responsibility & Shame Samurai were masters of the lower classes They divided the people up into “families”
called goningumi People were expected to help each other. Each person is responsible for the group’s
behaviour If one person disobeyed, the group was
punished
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First Contact with the West Portuguese were one of the first
countries to travel far by ocean 1543: a Portuguese trading ship was
wrecked off the coast of Japan They soon found out their cultures were
very different The Japanese called them the
“Southern Barbarians”
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New Beliefs
Francis Xavier (a priest) soon arrived to convert the Japanese to Christianity
More missionaries soon followed
Both religions were somewhat similar:
1. Both had ethical codes – rules about “right” and “wrong” behaviour
Ex: stealing and murder are wrong
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But they were also quite different:
1. The Christian idea of one god was quite different than the Japanese beliefs
2. Japanese = loyal to leaders
Christian = loyal to God