Japan (Nippon) "Land of the Rising Sun" - the first major country to see the sun rise each day.
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Transcript of Japan (Nippon) "Land of the Rising Sun" - the first major country to see the sun rise each day.
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Japan (Nippon)
• "Land of the Rising Sun" - the first major country to see the sun rise each day
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JAPAN
• 8th largest country in population
• 59th largest country in area
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• 99% of people in Japan are of Japanese descent - extremely homogenous culture
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Minorities in Japan
• Burakumin - ethnic Japanese, but descendents of butchers & leather tanners. Due to Buddhist views on taking life, the Burakumin are discriminated against
• Much like the "untouchables" in India
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Physical Geography
• 4 Main Islands
• Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu
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Plate Tectonics
• Japan created by a converging zone - Eurasia Plate colliding with Pacific Plate and Philippine Plate.
• Japan's largest mountain: Mt. Fuji.
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Tokyo• Tokyo - the megalopolis of Tokyo-Yokohama-
Kawasaki• 1 of the 2 largest metropolitan area in the world
(Mexico City)• Most densely concentrated financial & industrial
capital in the world.
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Ring of Fire
• "70-Year Rule" - the Tokyo area has been struck by major earthquakes about every 70 years
• Great Tokyo Quake (1923)
• Major tsunami in 2011
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• The Tokyo megalopolis lies on the most dangerous 4% of Japan's land (the Kanto Plain)
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History
• The Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive (1543), followed by the Dutch and the Spanish, bring with them the intent to convert the Japanese to Christianity.
• As more and more Japanese were converted to Christianity, the Japanese Shogun expelled the Europeans. Japan's self-imposed isolation lasted until 1854...
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The End of Isolation
• American Commodore Matthew Perry (1854) essentially forced the opening of Japan with the shelling of Tokyo's coast.
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• America created an advantageous trade situation. By 1867, the last Shogun was gone and the Samurai were becoming extinct
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Meiji Restoration
• Japan planned to imitate Britain's economic emergence; however, Japan lacked the raw materials needed to industrialize, nor the money to buy them.
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Lack of Natural Resources
• How should they acquire needed resources?
• Like the European way, they decided to colonize & exploit.
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Japan’s Colonialism
• Took the Ryukyu Islands & Taiwan from China, defeated the Russians in the North (1904), annexed Korea, took Manchuria from mainland China in 1932 and by 1937, had control of all of eastern China.
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Japan’s Militarism
• All that was left was to eliminate the U.S. and Great Britain from Japan's sphere of influence.
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• World War II presented this opportunity - Japan attacked the U.S. at Pearl Harbor in 1941.
• Likely would have defeated the U.S. in the Pacific had key aircraft carriers been in the harbor as expected.
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• After the U.S. ended World War II by dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, the U.S. occupied Japan until 1952.
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• U.S. helped rebuild Japan - by 1949, U.S. was providing $1 million per day to Japan
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• Japan's economy Japan's economy sky-rocketed in the sky-rocketed in the 1950s & '60s 1950s & '60s through detailed through detailed planning and an planning and an unmatched work unmatched work ethic.ethic.
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Economic Development
• Japan prided itself on low unemployment
• loyalty from employer to employee and vice versa was very high
• most people were hired after graduating from high school or university and never changed jobs - no layoffs
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Pacific DragonPacific Dragon
• By the 1980s was in the top 2 in the world in almost every production category.
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Tough Times
• 1991 - Japan began to falter.
• Southeast Asian countries (and China) began producing quality products at lower prices
• Japan was still plagued by its lack of natural resources