Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia
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Transcript of Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia
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JAPAN, KOREA, AND SOUTHEAST ASIA
Cultural Diffusion from China
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Japan, An Island Nation Is an Archipelago: A
chain of Thousands of islands; off the coast of Asia
4 large islands: Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku
The Ring of Fire: makes it
Mountainous And prone to Natural
Disasters: Earthquakes, typhoons, tidal waves
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Isolation
The seas around Japan have kept it from its enemies
Japan could control contact Mongols tried to invade Japan 1281 with
a fleet carrying 140,000 A typhoon wrecked the fleet Kamikaze “Divine Wind”
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Early Japanese
Migrants from Asia first settled in Japan Formed clan system The most powerful are on Honshu
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Shinto
Gods or nature spirits “kami” Spirits lived in natural objects Shinto: Way of the Kami Prayers and rituals to praise the kami
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Cultural Diffusion
Few early Japanese historical records Chinese writing adopted by the Japanese Buddhism came in 552 CE Art, science, government, and fashion 702 CE code of laws based on the Tang
Dynasty Laws
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Buddhism (Mahayana)
Resistance to Buddhism at first Then accepted Buddhist temples built Many from the Imperial court became
Buddhist Buddhism spread amongst the people Shinto and Buddhism both became an
important part of Japanese Life
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Feudal Japan
800 CE; the political system of Japan changed
2 factors: Central government- The emperor and important families; Local landowners with their own warriors
I am Your father?!
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Feudal Government
Fujiwara: first clan in control of the government
Minamoto: created the office of Shogun Emperor kept the throne but the shogun
was in control of the military, finances, and law
Local level: wealthy landowners held power
Samurai: warriors hired by the landlords
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The Samurai
Protected the landlords Much like medieval knights or cowboys A samurai was fiercely loyal to the
landowners and clan Power: Sword Skills Followed Bushido – The Way of the
Warrior
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Bushido
Stressed bravery, loyalty, and honor Accept physical hardship without
complaint Did not fear death Seppuku – ceremonial suicide if they did
not please their masters or if they were defeated in battle – avoid dishonor
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Daimyo
Local leaders became known as Daimyo “great name”
The most powerful people during the Ashikaga Shogunate
No central government for 100 yearsConstant battleThe poor could gain status in war
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Zen Buddhism
Religious awakenings; new sects From China in the 1100s CE Appealed to ordinary people Salvation through enlightenment Life of the Body was not important Long hours of meditation Helped warriors in battle
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Zen Art
Monks worked in landscape art Represent the beauty of nature Tea ceremony – produce spiritual calm Simple room by the garden, quietly drink
Tea and admire the beauty of nature Noh plays
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Chinese contributions to Korea Rice farming came from China Metalworking 300 BCE migrants came to Korea from
China 108 BCE Han Dynasty made Korea a
colony for 400 years Fall of the Han; Koguryo independence
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Korea
Taken by China Struggle for independence Yi Dynasty from 1300s to 1910
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Chinese contributions
Chinese characters Chinese government; kings Confucian civil service system Built the capital Kaesong much like Xi’an Chinese Buddhism; built temples 700s; Zen Buddhism became dominant Moveable wood type; bettered it – metal
type sharper images
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Chinese contributions to Southeast Asia These areas were controlled by China
throughout history Adopted Mahayana Buddhism – guiding
philosophy for Vietnam Daoism and Confucianism also influenced
Vietnam Writing system Political Organization Theravada Buddhism in Cambodia or the
Khmer Kingdom
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Journal
What were some of the major contributions of China to Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia? How has China influenced their neighbors with these things? What are some things that you think we have taken from China?