Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 1

BioMed Central

OPEN ACCESS

All Use is Fair Use

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 2

To be useful,scientific results need to beused, read, cited, shared,

applied, extended, built-upon

So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they?

So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they?

For that, they must be accessible

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 3

For everybody in-between?

For the ‘Harvards’?

For the ‘Have-nots’?

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 4

Have-nots

Harvards

AccessImpact

Financial barriers

After Les Carr, Southampton University

‘Twin Peaks’ problem

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 5

Integrated

The literature: as it should be

Available

After Les Carr, Southampton University

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 6

The literature: as it is for the ‘Harvards’

After Les Carr, Southampton University

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 7

And for the ‘Have-nots’

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 8

How do we get

From here To here

For everyone

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 9

One can publish a journal by printing it and sending it through the mail, but since the Internet, this is not necessary anymore

One can ‘seamlessly’ link references in online articles to other online articles that are freely

available in full-text: every researcher’s dream

Online journals can be distributed much faster and incomparably more widely than print

journals, transforming science communication

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 10

So why should online journals be shoe-horned into the business

models that were devised for print?

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 11

To be useful,scientific results need to beused, read, cited, shared,

applied, extended, built-upon

Print-derived models:

Unlimiteddissemination

Optimaluse

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 12

Open Access online publishing models will make published scientific results

optimally useful

Open Accessin print

Open Accesson Internet

Open Access therefore deserves the wholehearted support from the science

community

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 13

1. The article is universally and freely accessible via the Internet, in an easily readable format and deposited immediately upon publication, without embargo, in an agreed format - current preference is XML with a declared DTD - in at least one widely and internationally recognised open access repository (such as PubMed Central).

2. The author(s) or copyright owner(s) irrevocably grant(s) to any third party, in advance and in perpetuity, the right to use, reproduce or disseminate the research article in its entirety or in part, in any format or medium, provided that no substantive errors are introduced in the process, proper attribution of authorship and correct citation details are given, and that the bibliographic details are not changed. If the article is reproduced or disseminated in part, this must be clearly and unequivocally indicated.

What is Open Access?

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 14

How is Open Access paid for?

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 15

PublisherPublisher

Free Use

Manuscript

Today’s (soon yesterday’s) print-derived model:

Only those who can afford expensive subscriptions or licences have access

Result:

Author transfers copyrightor exclusive publishing rights

©

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 16

Acquiring the rights to content, facilitating peer review, making web-ready, hosting, and embedding in the literature and then selling the content

BioMed Central re-defines publishing

Selling content Selling a service

Leaving the rights with the author, just facilitating peer review, making web-ready, hosting, and embedding in the literature, and making the content freely available in Open Access

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 17

PublisherPublisherManuscript

Tomorrow’s (today’s at BioMed Central) online-based model:

Everyone has accessAll use is fair use Result:

$Author pays small amount of money

or rather, institution pays on author’s behalf

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 18

Open Access at BioMed Central

All research articles in any of the journals published by BioMed Central are available on line in open access as defined earlier

Authors (their institutions) pay a small amount for ‘processing’ the article:

-organising peer-review, -formatting and coding in XML for rendering in

web-friendly HTML, -formatting in PDF for easy downloading and

printing, -linking and embedding in the literature via

PubMed, CrossRef, ISI and others, -depositing in secure archives like PubMed

Central and others, -hosting on the BioMed Central site

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 19

Authors-Vastly improved visibility; high chance of being cited; may

be posted on any web site the author chooses; may be printed and included in course packs

Users-No need to worry whether the library has the journal; no

need to access only via the institutional network

Libraries/Institutions-Lower cost: $500 at input pays for it all; compare this with

the current $3000-5000 aggregate publisher turnover per article, which the libraries collectively pay

General advantages of Open Access

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 20

Embedding in science literature– References linked via CrossRef– References tracked by ISI

Publicity– Press-releases for articles suitable for wider, lay

audiencesInformation

– Author has full access to download statisticsSpeed

– Submission, review, and publication entirely electronic– Publication immediately upon acceptance– Listed without delay in PubMed and deposited without

embargo in PubMed Central and other secure archives

Extra advantages at BioMed Central

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 21

Article Processing Charge (APC)– $500 per published article

Institutional Membership– Amount depends on the size of the biomedical research

staff and students at the institution; starts at $1500

Waivers– Automatic for authors from a member institution– Available on request for authors unable to pay, e.g. from

developing countries

Cost of Open Access at BioMed Central

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 22

Even if exactly the same amount of money were to be spent on open access business models as is currently being spent on subscriptions and access licences in the conventional model, for the benefits of open access alone it would be worth moving to new models.

The benefits would be greater for the Harvards than for the Have-nots, to be sure, but even for the Harvards the benefits of open access are substantial.

The fact that an open access model doesn't have to cost nearly as much as the conventional model (for a start, all costs and efforts to keep users out could be scrapped), is a welcome side-effect to all but conventional publishers, but not the crux of the matter, at least not for scientists and scholars.

Observation re Cost of Open Access

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 23

Peer Review takes away that risk

All articles published in BioMed Central journals have been strictly peer-reviewed. Peer-reviewers do not know if the author will pay, the institution will pay, or if the charges will be waived. Payment is only required once the article is accepted.

Author pays? Institution pays?Risk of vanity publishing?

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 24

Biology journals

A full list can be found here:www.biomedcentral.com/browse/biology/

Medicine journals

A full list can be found here:

www.biomedcentral.com/browse/medicine/

The BioMed Central journals

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 25

Open Access deserves support from the whole science community

Because to be useful, scientific results need to be used, read, cited,

shared, applied, extended, built-upon

And for that, they need to be accessible

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 26

• Authors– Submit your articles to Open Access journals

• Users– Visit and cite Open Access journals

• Librarians

– Take up institutional membership

– Add our URL to your intranet or web pages• Funding bodies and tenure committees

– Recognise Open Access research papers and the ‘payment-at-input’ model

• All of the above– Advocate Open Access

How can you support Open Access?

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 27

New York Blood Center, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Cancer Research UK, Columbia University, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, George Washington University School of Medicine, Harvard University, IMP- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Imperial College, Indiana University at Bloomington and Indianapolis, Institut Pasteur, John Innes Centre, Kyoto University, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Lund University, McMaster University, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, National Institutes of Health, Princeton University, Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, Rockefeller University, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Terkko-National Library of health Sciences, University Hospital Rotterdam, University Library of Tromso, University of Alberta, University of Amsterdam, University of Calgary, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, Davis, University of California, Irvine, University of California, Los Angeles, University of California, Riverside, University of California, San Diego, University of California, San Francisco, University of California, Santa Barbara, University of California, Santa Cruz, University of Ghent, University of New South Wales, University of Ottawa, University of Toronto Library, University of Utah, University of Virginia, University of Washington, University of Western Ontario, University of York, Utrecht University, Van Andel Research Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,World Health Organization

Supporting universities and institutions

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 28

• Home page: www.biomedcentral.com

• Submissions: www.biomedcentral.com/info/publishing_adv.asp – Email Editorial Director Peter Newmark: peter@biomedcentral.com

• Institutional Membership: www.biomedcentral.com/info/instmembership.asp

– Email Membership Director Becky Fishman: becky@biomedcentral.com

• General Marketing: www.biomedcentral.com/libraries/– Email Marketing Director Natasha Robshaw: natasha@biomedcentral.com

• General Publishing: www.biomedcentral.com– Email Publisher Jan Velterop: jan@biomedcentral.com

Contacts @ BioMed Central

Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002 29

www.biomedcentral.com

For Research Articles,All Use is Fair Use