Jan-June 11_2

Contents

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Molecular analysis of Cymbidium orchids

85 accessions belonging to 17 Cymbidium species

were collected from various locations viz.

Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Meghalaya and Sikkim.

PCR amplifications of these 17 Cymbidium species

were done using three nuclear (ITS) and ten plastid

loci (microsatellite) markers to study the

phylogenetic relationship. Significant variability

was observed in all the species under study. Frequency and mode of application of different growth regulators influence flowering of Dendrobium hybrid “Thongchai Gold”

Growth regulators like GA (50, 100 and 200 ppm) 3

and BA (50 and 100 ppm) were applied in two

frequencies (morning and evening spray) and in two

different modes like foliar spraying and drenching.

Maximum flower spikes were found in drenching

followed by morning and evening spray. Drenching

of BA @ 100 ppm produced maximum number of

spikes (1.83) while BA @ 50 ppm produced 14.7

flowers/spike.

Banding pattern of Cymbidium species using forwardand reverse primer accD1fF5A and accD4rR5

STMS Banding pattern of Vanda species using primer CAF1

OrchidsOrchidsNewsletter

National Research Centre for Orchids(Indian Council of Agricultural Research)Pakyong - 737 106, Sikkim, IndiaVol. 12(1) January - June, 2011

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Training Imparted 06

Education and Training 06

Distinguished Visitors 06

Publications 06

Research Highlights 01

Institutional Activities 05

Republic Day Celebration 05

Participation of Scientists in Symposia/ Seminar etc. 05

NRCO, News Letter (Jan. - June, 2011)02

Genetic Resources

Thirty one different species of orchids were

collected during the reported period.

Dendrobium, Vanda, Otochilus, Eria, Oberonia

and Bulbophyllum species were collected from

Senapati District, Manipur; Dendrobium,

Coelogyne, Oberonia, Rhynchostylis,

Cleisostoma, Pholidota, Bulbophyllum and

Aerides species were collected from

Karnataka; Pleione, Pholidota, Anoectochilus,

Dendrobium, Eria, Calanthae, Otochilus,

Cymbidium, Thunia, Liparis, Bulbophyllum,

Cryptochilus, Malaxis, Coelogyne, Vanda and

Rhynchostylis species were collected from

Shillong and were included to germplasm

collection. Moreover explorations for

collection of orchids were conducted in

different parts of Darjeeling district of West

Bengal and altogether 86 accessions belonging

to Oberonia , Dendrobium , Pleione ,

Cymbidium, Eria, Malaxis, Tainia, Liparis,

Calanthe, Bulbophyllum, Gastrochilus,

Coelogyne, Platanthera, Odontochilus,

Neogyne, Pholidota, and Peristylis. Apart from

collecting orchids from natural habitat,

Paphiopedilum villosum, P. villosum var.

boxallii, P. venustum, P. fairrieanum, P.

hirsutissimum were procured from the

nurseries located in Darjeeling district of West

Bengal and in Shilong Meghalaya

1. The crosses between Arachnanthe cathcartii

and Vanda coerulea flowered for the first

time. The appearance and flower color of

new hybrid is different from its parents. The

sepals and petals of V. coeurelea are white

color and violet blue shaded and tessellated

New hybrid developed

(RHS-92A, shaded &RHS-91A, tessellated)

color pattern whereas in a new hybrid, the color of

the sepals and petals are purple violet (RHS

N80B). Plant height of the progeny is 53.5cm

with leaf shape symmetric emarginated.

Inflorescence bears 05 flowers and size of flower

is approximately 7.7 cm X 7.9 cm.

Arachnanthe cathcartii

Vanda coerulea

A.cathcartii X Vanda coerulea

NRCO, News Letter (Jan. - June, 2011) 03

2. Characters of PBX -05-56: plant medium sized

measuring height of about 25cm. Flower size

6.5X6.6 cm, yellow green (RHS 151 A) and lip

white with red purple (RHS 59 A) lining in the

middle. Column yellow green (RHS 151D) with

small maroon color spots at the base with grayed

yellow (RHS 160A) anther cap. Flowering time

mid of April 2011.

Cym. lowianum

Cym tigrinum

PBX-05- 56

Meristem culture of Cymbidium 'Baltic Glacier Mint Ice'

To develop a protocol for the mass propagation of

Cymbidium 'Baltic Glacier Mint Ice' hybrid through

meristem culture, the shoot tips were cultured on MS

media supplemented with various concentrations of

plant growth hormones namely, BAP, NAA, Kinetin

and IBA at different concentrations. MS media

supplemented with 1.0g/l of activated charcoal,

0.2mg/l of NAA and 0.2mg/l BAP were found

suitable for regeneration of Protocorm Like Bodies

(PLB) from shoot tips.

Plb proliferation of Cymbidium 'Baltic Glacier Mint Ice'

In vitro hardened plantlets of Cymbidium 'Baltic Glacier Mint Ice'

Plantlet ready for ex-vitro hardening (Cymbidium 'Baltic Glacier Mint Ice')


Product ion and Post-product ion Management of Tropical and Subtropical Orchids

Virus indexing of different orchid samples

Out of seventeen hybrids of Aranda, six hybrids

namely, 'Propin Spot', 'Anne Khoo x V. Kasems

Delight', 'Sayan x Ascda Bangkhuntian Gold',

'Prapine White', 'Noorah Alsagoff Red' and 'Fatimah

Alsakoff Blue'; Among nine hybrids of Mokara,

'Happy Beauty' and 'Madam Pani' and Out of thirteen

hybrids of Oncidium, 'Wild Cat Carmera', 'Pixie

Ruth', 'Taka Yellow', 'Popki Red', 'J.R. Pink Spot',

'J.R. Orange Red' and 'J.R. Yellow Brown' were

found suitable for mid hills in Sikkim.

In Dendrobium, longest spike length (47.7 cm) and

rachis length (32.7cm) was found in Den. 'Madam

Pink' with Cocochips + Leaf mould + Cowdung

(5:4:1). In flowers, maximum carbohydrate content

(260mg/g) was recorded with Den. 'Kating Dang'

followed by Den, 'Erika' (259.0 mg/g).

In Dendrobium hybrid 'Thongchai Gold', per cent of

fully opened buds (66%) was recorded maximum

with sucrose(4%) + Ca(NO ) (1%) followed by 3 2

sucrose (4%) + acetyl acetic acid (100 ppm) (60%).

Longest vase life (36 days) was found with sucrose

(4%) + Al (SO ) (100 ppm) followed by sucrose 2 4

(4%) + acetyl acetic acid (100 ppm) (33 days).

DUS testing guidelines were finalized for 16 species

and 41 hybrids of Cymbidium, 30 species and 14

hybrids of Dendrobium and 12 species and 9 hybrids

of Vanda based on common descriptors.

24 samples of different orchid species collected from

Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra were

tested for Cymbidium mosaic, Odontoglossum

DUS Testing on Orchid

ringspot and Cymbidium ring spot viruses by ELISA

using commercial antibodies. ELISA results

revealed that Phaius flavus, Coelogyne sp.,

Staropsis undulata, Oberonia brunoniana,

Oberonia sp., Cymbidium bicolor and C.

devonianum were found positive with ORSV while

Oberonia sp. was found positive with mixed

infection of ORSV and CymMV. Cymbidium

ringspot virus (CyRSV) was not found in any of the

samples

Survey was conducted in different localities at

Shillong, (Meghalaya) and collected seventy four

species of orchids belonging to 29 genera. Out of 74

species 32 were infected with ORSV and 2 samples

one each of Malaxis sp. and Eria sp. were found

positive for CymMV.

Virus indexing of five orchid species namely

Acampe papillosa, Aerides odoratum, Coelogyne

ocracea, Dendrobium chrysotoxum and Coelogyne

nitida from NRCO was performed. It was found that

A. papillosa and Coelogyne ocracea were found

positive with CymMV, ORSV and CyRSV.

Coelogyne nitida was found positive with CymMV

and CyRSV. Aerides odoratum and D. chrysotoxum

were found free from viruses.

Mite species (Tatranychus urticae) collected from

the diseased Cymbidium hybrids (mixed infection of

CymMV and ORSV) were transferred to young and

healthy seedlings of Datura stramonium to see the

virus transmission, if any. After seven days of

feeding, Datura stramonium developed small

lesions which subsequently became necrotic. Such

plants when tested in ELISA, three plants (out of 15)

were found positive with ORSV while CymMV was

not found in any of the samples. ORSV being a

Role of mites in virus transmission


tobamovirus is highly contagious and might have

transmitted through the contamination of body parts

of the mite.

150 plants of Cymbidium “Winter Beach Sea Green”

were evaluated for natural infestation of two spotted

spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. It was observed

that all plants were found infested (100 %

infestation) by the mite in different level during the

period.

An experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of

botanicals and bio-pesticides against aphids on the

flowers of Cymbidium “H C Aurora” under

polyhouse conditions. The nine treatments

(including control) viz., neem oil 0.03% EC

(5 ml/lit.), garlic extract 5%, chilaune leaves extract

(Schima wallichii) 10%, dhatura leaf extract 10%,

B.t. (Dipel) 0.012%, tita pat extract (Artimissia)

10%, tobacco extract 5%, and NPV 0.10% were

applied. The results showed that all the treatments

were noticed significantly superior over untreated

control. The maximum percent reduction (76.93%)

in aphid population was recorded in the treatment of

Econeem 2ml/litre followed by neem oil 0.03% EC

(5ml/lit.), whereas minimum percent reduction was

noticed on the plants treated with titapat (Artimissia)

extract.

Screening of orchid (Cymbidium hybrid) for their resistance against two spotted spider mite

Relative efficacy of bio-pesticides against aphids on flowers of Cymbidium

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

Participation of Scientists in Conference, Meetings, Workshop, Symposia, Seminar etc in India and Abroad.

National Conference on 'National Consultation on

Production of Orchids' at NRC for Orchids, Pakyong stfrom 19-21 February, 2011.

R. P. Medhi, D. Barman, L. C. De, S. Chakrabarti, R.

P. Pant, Rampal and N. K. Meena

National Conference on 'Recent Trends and Future thProspect in Floriculture' at Meerat, U.P from 5-8

March, 2011.

D. Barman and Rampal

Celebration of Republic Day at NRC for Orchids

National Conference on 'National Consultation forProduction and Utilisation of Orchids'


National Conference on 'HortiBusiness - Linking stFarmers with Market' at Dehradun from 29-31 May

2011.

D. Barman and N. K. Meena

th4 Review Meeting of DUS Test Centres and thProjects at NASC Complex, New Delhi on 25

February, 2011.

L. C. De

National Consultation cum Training on 'Diagnostics thin Horticultural Crops' at CPRI, Shimla on 16-17

April, 2011.

R. P. Pant

Training on 'Development of dipstick kit for orchid thviruses' at CPRI, Shimla from 17-19 April, 2011.

R. P. Pant

Training on 'Employer's Perspective on Labour thRelated Laws' at NAARM, Hyderabad from 10-12

May, 2011

R. P. Medhi and D. Barman

Training on 'Employer's Perspective on Labour thRelated Laws' at NAARM, Hyderabad from 10-12

May, 2011

D. Joseph

1. Dr. H. P. Singh, DDG (Hort.), KAB-II, New

Delhi - 18/02/2011

Education and Training

Distinguished Visitors

Scientist

Administrative

2. Dr. J. Nagaraju, CDFD, Hyderabad - 15/03/2011

3. Dr. R. K. Sharma, Sr. Dy. Director – Cum-

Head Cold Chain Cell, National Horticulture

Board, Min. of Agri., Govt. of India. - 17/03/2011

4. Dr. Kirti Singh, Ex-Chairman, ASRB and Ex-

Vice Chancellor, N. D. Agri. University,

Faizabad, U.P. - 21/04/2011

5. Dr. S. N. Puri, Vice Chancellor, CAU, Imphal,

Manipur. - 22/04/2011

6. Shri. Sudhir Bhargava, Member, ICAR

Governing Body, New Delhi - 11/05/2011

7. Shree Singey Phub, Pr. Research Officer,

R&D Centre Bajo, Dept. of Agriculture &

Forest, Royal Govt. of Bhutan - 04/06/2011

1. Devdas., R., D. Barman and R.P. Medhi. 2011.

Dendrobiumm lituiflorum Lindl.- A value

addition Report from Khashi Hills of

Meghalaya. Indian J. Plant Genetic Resource

24(2): 246-249.

1. Chakrabarti., S. 2011. Cymbidium Orchids.

Agro India. March Pp20 – 23

1. Meena., N. K., R. P. Pant, Rampal and R. P.

Medhi. 2011. Orchids Ke Hanikarak Keet

avam Unka Prabandhan, National Research

Center for orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim Pp. 1-46.

2. Naik., S. K., T. Usha Bharathi, D. Barman,

Publications

Research Papers:

Popular Articles:

Technical Bulletin


Rampal, L. C. De and R. P. Medhi 2010. Basics

of Orchid Nutrition, Technical Bulletin No. 5

under MM-I, published by The Director, NRC

for Orchids (ICAR), Pakyong, Sikkim, Pp. 54.

1. Barman., D., 2010. Impact of climate change

on orchid population and probable solutions,

National Consultation on Production of stOrchids, 19-21 February, 2011.

2. Barman., D., R. P. Medhi, U. Parthasarathy, K.

Jayaranjan, V. A. Parthasarathy. 2010. A GIS

interpretation of diversity of Cymbidium

swartz in Sikkim, National Consultation on stProduction of Orchids, 19-21 February, 2011.

3. Barman., D., H. Pokhrel and R.P.Medhi. 2011.

Water management in orchids.”National

Conference on cent Trends and Future

Prospect in Floriculture” Meerat, U.P

4. Chakrabarti., S., Gaganjyot Singh, R. P. Medhi

and Sunil Archak 2011. Analysis of Diversity

and Genetic relatedness of some Coelogyne

species of North Eastern India using ISSR

markers In: Souvenir cum Abstracts - National

Conference on National Consultation for

Production and Utilisation of Orchids from st19 - 21 February, 2011 at NRC for Orchids,

Pakyong, Sikkim.

5. Chakrabarti., S., N. G. Debnath and R. P.

Medhi 2010. Diversity Management in

Cymbidium Orchids In: National Conference

on National Consultation for Production and stUtilisation of Orchids from 19 -21 February,

2011 at NRC for Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim.

6. Chakrabarti., S. 2010. Orchid Industry- A

lucrative Business for women In: National

Paper presented in Seminars/Symposia:

Conference on National Consultation for

Production and Utilisation of Orchids from st19 -21 February, 2011 at NRC for Orchids,

Pakyong, Sikkim.

7. Chakrabarti., S., Gaganjyot Singh and R. P.

Medhi 2010. Molecular Diversity and

relationships among Vandaceous Orchids of

North Eastern Himalayan Region based on

Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) thmarkers. In: 15 Annual Convention of ADNAT

(Association for Promotion of DNA

Fingerprinting And other DNA Technologies) thheld at CCMB, Hyderabad w.e.f 23-25

February, 2011 organized by ADNAT.

8. De., L. C., A. N. Rao, P. K Rajeevan, G. S.

Rawat, S. K. Sood, M. Srivastava and

Geetamani Chhetri 2011. DUS testing on

commercial orchids (Abs No. I-13). In:

Proceeding of National Consultation of

production and utilization of orchids held from st19-21 February, 2011 at NRC for Orchids,

Pakyong, Sikkim.

9. De., L. C., S. K. Naik, S. K. Mitra and R. P.

Medhi 2011. Pre-harvest Management in

Cymbidium (Abs. No. III-5). In: Proceeding

of National Consultation of production and stutilization of orchids held from 19-21

February, 2011 at NRC for Orchids, Pakyong,

Sikkim.

10. De., L. C., S. P. Vij and P. Deb 2011. Post-

harvest Management and Value Addition in

Cymbidium (Abs. IV-2). In: Proceeding of

National Consultation of production and stutilization of orchids held from 19-21

February, 2011 at NRC for Orchids, Pakyong,

Sikkim.


11. Gupta., S., R. P. Pant and R. P. Medhi 2011.

Detection of Cymbidium mosaic and

Odontoglossum ringspot viruses by ELISA

and RT-PCR from Sikkim and Darjeeling hills.

In: National Consultation for Production and

Utilization of orchids held at NRC for Orchids, stPakyong, Sikkim from 19-21 February, 2011.

12. Meena., N. K., R. P. Pant, D. Barman and R. P.

Medhi 2011. Field evaluation of bio-pesticides

and insecticides effectiveness against two

spotted spider mite, Tetranchus urticae KOCH

on Orchid (Cymbidium H.C. Aurora) In:

National Consultation for Production and

Utilization of orchids held at NRC for Orchids, stPakyong, Sikkim from 19-21 February, 2011.

13. Meena., N. K., R. P. Pant, Rampal and R. P.

Medhi 2011. Evaluation of bio-pesticides for

their effectiveness against shoot borer

Peridaedala sp. On Epidendrum. In: National

Consultation for Production and Utilization of

orchids held at NRC for Orchids, Pakyong, stSikkim from 19-21 February, 2011.

14. Naik., S. K., D. Barman, and R. P. Medhi.

2011. Evaluation of nutrient content of

growing media and iron deficiency in

Cymbidium Hybrid. “National Conference on

cent Trends and Future Prospect in

Floriculture” Meerat, U.P.

15. Pathak., N., D. Barman and S.K. Naik. 2010.

Orchid Cultivation: An approach for income

generation in Sikkim, National Consultation ston Production of Orchids, 19-21 February,

2011.

16. Pant., R. P., Smita Gupta, N. K. Meena and R.

P. Medhi 2011. Emerging diseases of orchids

in Northeastern states of India and their

management. In: National Consultation for

Production and Utilization of orchids held at

NRC for Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim from 19-st21 February. 2011.

17. Pant., R. P., Smita Gupta, N. K. Meena and R.

P. Medhi 2011. Occurrence of cymbidium

mosaic (CymMV) and Odontoglossum

ringspot viruses (ORSV) on commercial

hybrids and species in Sikkim and Darjeeling

hills. In: National Consultation for Production

and Utilization of orchids held at NRC for stOrchids, Pakyong, Sikkim from 19-21

February, 2011.

18. Usha Bharathi., T., D. Barman. 2010. Effect of

different pulsing solutions on post harvest life

of Cymbidium hybrid 'Pine Clash Moon

Venus', National Consultation on Production stof Orchids, 19-21 February, 2011.

19 Usha Bharathi., T., S. K. Naik, D. Barman.

2010. Effect of harvesting stages and chemical

preservatives on post harvest life of

Cymbidium hybrid “Red Princess', National stConsultation on Production of Orchids, 19-21

February, 2011.

Published byDr. R. P. Medhi

DirectorNational Research Centre for Orchids (ICAR)

Pakyong 737 106, East SikkimTel. No. 03592-257954

Telefax: 03592-257289 / 257282

Published byDr. R. P. Medhi

DirectorNational Research Centre for Orchids (ICAR)

Pakyong 737 106, East SikkimTel. No. 03592-257954

Telefax: 03592-257289 / 257282

Editorial CommitteeS. ChakrabartiM. ChakrabortiN.G. Debnath

Jan-June 11_2

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