Jan 158:43 AM
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Chapter 20 Protists.notebook
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Chapter 20 Protists
201Key Concepts
What are protists?
(20 Minutes)
Protistany organism that is NOT a plant, animal, fungi, prokaryote
grouping for organisms that don't fit into other kingdoms
Kingdom name = Protista
One way protists are classified is by how they eat.Animallike
heterotrophseat other organisms
Plantlikemake own food
Funguslikeexternal digestiondecomposer or parasite
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ln69k7LyTsU
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202 Animallike Protists: Protozoans
Key ConceptsWhat are the distinguishing features of the major phyla of
animallike protists?How do animallike protists harm other living things?
Protozoafirst animals
4 phyla based on how they movebroken down
1. ZooflagellatesPhylum Zoomastiginaswim with flagella long whiplike structuresmost have one or two some have manylive in lakes, streams, other organismsabsorb food through cell membrane of decaying
organic matterasexual and sexual reproduction
giardia
2. SarcodinesPhlum Sorcodinamove by cytoplasmic projections pseudopodspseudopods false foot, used for feeding/movementamoeboid movement extending the pseudopod
3. CiliatesPhylum Ciliophoracilia short, hairlike projections used for feeding
and movementboth fresh and salt water
most common is the parameciumtwo nuclei
macronucleus copies of the information that is needed
micronucleus reserve copy of all cell's genesgullet indentation in organismanal pore releases wastescontractile vacuole collects water and then
contracts to pump water out of the paramecium
conjugation exchanging of genetic material
4. SporozoansPhylum SporozoaDo NOT move on their own parasiticreproduce by sporozoite
Animallike Protists and DiseaseMalaria
caused by Plasmodiumcarried by the female Anopheles mosquitofirst infects the liver cells then moves to the
red blood cells which produce chills/fevermost strains are resistant to vaccines
African Sleeping Sicknessspread from the flyTrypanosoma Zooflagellates that destroy
red blood cells and infect other tissues of the body
Amebic DysenteryEntamoeba parasitic amoebas live in the intestine and absorb food and attack
wall of intestine causing bleedingpassed out of body through feces which then
can be passed into water supply
Giardiapoor sanitationparasites are found in lakes, ponds, rivers and
streams worldwide, as well as in municipal water supplies, wells, swimming pools, water parks and spas. Ground and surface water can become contaminated from agricultural runoff, wastewater discharge or animal feces. Children in diapers and people with diarrhea may accidentally contaminate pools and spas
parasites can be transmitted through food — either because food handlers with giardia don't wash their hands thoroughly or because raw produce is irrigated or washed with contaminated water. Because cooking food kills giardia, food is a less common source of infection than water is, especially in industrialized countries.
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203 Plantlike Protists Unicellular Algae
Key ConceptsWhat is the function of chlorophyll and accessory pigments in
algae?What are the distinguishing features of the major phyla of
unicellular algae?
Plantlike Protists algae
Traits used to classify algae is the type of pigments in algae.
Pigments used for photosynthesis.Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, and Chlorophyll c trap the sunlight
of different wavelengths so more energy from the sun can be used.
Accessory Pigmentsabsorb light at different wavelengths and pass energyalong for photosynthesis
give algae a wide rang of colors due to the reflection ofdifferent wavelengths
7 Phyla This section includes 41. Euglenophytes
two flagella for swimmingno cell wallcontain chloroplasts similar to zooflagellatesEuglena common organism
found in ponds and lakes worldwideeyespot (stigma) used to locate sunlightif no sunlight will absorb decaying matter to become
a heterotrophpellicle cell membrane, ridges made of microtubules but flexiblethey can crawl through mud when there is not enough
water to swimreproduce asexually
2. ChrysophytesChrysophyta golden plantsyellowgreen and goldenbrown algaegold colored chloroplastsstore food in the form of oil instead of starchreproduce asexually and sexuallyusually do not move, some form colonies
3. Bacillariophytamost abundantdiatomsmost are unicellularfreshwater, saltwater, and damp soilautotrophs and heterotrophsused in polishing productstoothpasteinsecticide sharp cell walls puncture the bodies of insects centric radially symmetricalpennate bilaterally symmetrical
side view
Freshwater Diatoms
4. PyrrophytaPyrrophyta fire plantsfreshwater, saltwater, rivers
Dinoflagellatesphotosynthetic and heterotrophsreproduce asexuallydefense flagella find grooves in the thick plates
that surround the cell give off light
Why are Plantlike Protists Important?Phytoplankton
photosynthetic organisms found near surface of the ocean base of food chain which helps with diversity
Protists help with the recycling of sewage. If a lot of sewage is being released this causes an increase in population of algae thatgrow in blooms. These blooms will decrease the water nutrients which decreases the oxygen level and causing fish and invertebrates to die.
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Section 204 Plantlike Protists: Red, Brown, Green Algae
Key ConceptsWhat are the distinguishing features of the major phyla of
multicellular algae?How do multicellular algae reproduce?
3 Phyla of multicellular algae1. Rhodophyta red plants
can live in deep water to depths of 260 m or shallow wateruse accessory pigments reddish phycobilinscontain chlorophyll amany red algae are also green, purple, reddish blackprovide nutrients from photosynthesisdesserts, salad dressings, toothpaste, cosmetics, paints
2. Phaeophyta dusky plants brown algaecontain chlorophyll a and ccontain brown accessory pigment fucoxanthinlargest of all algae groupsmulticellularmarine watersused to thicken ice cream,
Fucus rockweed
3. Chlorophyta green plants green algaesimilar cell walls to plants cellulosechlorophyll a and bstore food in form of starchfound in fresh and salt water
Unicellular Green AlgaeChlamydomonas lives in ponds ditches
2 flagella
Colonial Green AlgaeFilaments threadlike colonies of algae
Volvox
Multicellular Green AlgaeUlva sea lettuce
Uses of algaefood deodorantsagar paintsplastics waxes
Reproduction of AlgaeAlternation of Generations
switching back and forth between haploid and diploid stage
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205 Funguslike Protists