Jamshedpur- Planning History

CITY PLANNING AND URBAN DESIGN

PRESENTATION ONPLANNING HISTORY OF JAMSHEDPUR

Presented by:Kaushik Mahto (1105034)Somnath Bhui (1105036)

Guided by:Prof. Ajay Kumar

•The steel city of Jamshedpur originated in a

small company town in the backwaters of

eastern India as a new experiment in urbanism

in 1907.

•When Delhi was being conceived in 1911 as

imperial capital, an industrial town with modern

town planning principles, new modes of

spatiality and lifestyle associated with

industrialization was taking shape.

•Unlike Delhi and Chandigarh, Jamshedpur was

an indigenous industrial development initiated,

financed and built by Indians using local

resources albeit foreign expertise.

Jamshetji Nusserwanji Tata(3rd Mar’1839- 19th May’ 1904)

VISION

•J.N.Tata conceived the dream of this industrial township. He travelled to many of the

industrial towns of North America in pursuit of technology for setting up a steel plant.

•His efforts set in motion the search of sites rich in Iron ore and coal mines. Though he

did not live to see his dream come true, but his efforts culminated in the discovery of iron

ore mines in GURUMAHISINI HILLS of Mayurbhanj (presently a district of Odisha).

•Thus an iron and steel plant was perceived in Sakchi village (72 km from the hills).

•The site of the steel plant was well connected by Railways through the KALIMATI

railway station on the BOMBAY-CALCUTTA route.

•Sound business management policy, philanthropic motives and the desire to make

Industrial township an envied and emulated concept throughout India gave birth to

JAMSHEDPUR.

Sahlin and Kennedy Plan 1912 Small industrial town

Temple Plan 1920 Full fledged industrial

township

Stoke’s Plan 1936 Expansion of Temple

plan with emphasis on

housing

Koenigsberger’s Plan 1944-45 Garden city+

neighbourhood unit in

planning circles.

•Unlike the planning of Delhi and Chandigarh, which

were planned and conceived all at a single time, this

town was planned in various stages.

•The reason behind these several stages was growth in

the production of the steel plant due to World War I and

World War II and hence growth in population of

workers.

STAGES OF PLANNING

SAHLIN AND KENNEDY PLAN

•The Pittsburgh firm of Julian Kennedy and Axel Sahlin was awarded the contract

for the designing and engineering works of Tata Steel Plant. They built the original

colony between 1909-12 for housing managers and skilled workers.

•There is a little influence of the garden city/suburb ideal of the ‘new’ American

company.

•Site exigencies dictated the stratified pattern of housing on high ground

on the ridge spurs on the north-west and western fringes of the steel plant to ensure

protection from the factory dust carried by the prevailing western winds.

•The colony was laid out in the grid-iron (North American settlement pattern) with

alphabetically named ‘roads’ running east-west and numbered ‘avenues’ running

north-south.

•There is no evidence of a planned town centre or public park system


TOWNSHIP

NORTHERN TOWN(covenanted

officers)

SOUTHERN TOWN(Skilled

workers)

G TOWN (middle income group )

R.N TOWN (workers)

•The plan ignored the

acute need for housing

laborers with the result that

clusters of mud huts sprang

up around the towns and

close to the factory gates.


FREDRICK C. TEMPLE PLAN

•As the Steel production of the plant grew (due to World War I), population of the

township increased and the old Kennedy plan became obsolete.

•Fredrick C. Temple, sanitary officer for Orissa and Bihar states was appointed as

the Chief Engineer for planning of Jamshedpur.

•Temple’s work was influenced by :

•Study of lifestyle of local tribal people.

•Concept of Garden city of Letchworth.

•Design of industrial village of New Earswick.

•The fact that “A township already existed around the steel plant” played a

detrimental factor in the planning thus making it somewhat different from other

industrial townships of its time.


•The principles of Temple’s planning were:

•Gravitational Sewerage system.

•Street system adapted to contours.

•Parkway system in natural drains.

•Temple proposed housing of 12 units per acre, balancing it with 1-1 ½ acre

plots of bungalows and ¼ acre plots quarters.

•He designed the quarters in 3 blocks with the 4th one serving as open space.

•He advocated that the problem of housing could be solved by improving the

sanitation and preserving the infrastructure of the squatter settlements and the

lifestyle of the tribal people respectively.


MAJOR P.G.W.STOKES PLAN

•Due to the further expansion of Tata Steel in 1930, the township was in

immediate need of housing.

•Stokes strived a lot to propose an effective plan for this growing township.

•According to his report his work was very much influenced by Earnest

Burges (1925) who proposed that cities develop outward from central business

and manufacturing districts with working class population nearest to the core.

•Stokes did not have much to do beyond Temple’s plan. His main work was to

quench the shortage of housing.



•Constrained by the existing mixed and

stratified housing of Jamshedpur, Stoke

had to conform to Homer Hoyt’s wedge

shaped urban model that stipulated

segmented growth along transport

arteries.

•Officers’ bungalows were made in

North town along the E-W straight mile

road.

•Workers’ housing was provided in

north and west in Sakchi and Kadma

respectively.

•To further satisfy the need, he had to

provide workers’ housing in Burma

mines (S-E of the steel plant) but this

exposed the residents to the smoke and

dust of the plant.

OTTO KEONIGSBERGER’S PLAN

• The primary motive of Keonigsberger was to implement GARDEN CITY concepts in his Master plan for Jamshedpur, but his motive was partially satisfied.

• He was reluctant to give up and endeavoured to put in GARDEN CITY principles wherever space permitted.

• The major problem was that Jamshedpur did not develop as a Garden city. BUSTEES had developed on the periphery of the industrial area.

•His contention was that linear growth along transportation arteries was the best solution to the problems posed by the concentric growth around the place of employment.



• Massive urban surgery was untenable, so Keonigsberger proposed for a garden suburb on the forested slopes of Dalma Hills for 200 medium income families who could do the daily commute 7miles to the Steel Plant.

• This was All the bungalows and cottages disappeared behind tree foliage and gardens.

• The only public building besides the club/rest house would be theInspection Bungalow overlooking the Dam on one side and terraced hill-garden with a bandstand on the other.

• Intention was to build a leafy suburb at a suitable distance from industrialpollution and haphazard urban growth.

• This unbuilt proposal represented what Tata Steel desired all of Jamshedpur to be.

PRESENT DAY JAMSHEDPURJAMSHEDPUR URBAN AGGLOMERATION (JUA)

•Tata Steel remained the largest employer and the physical core of Jamshedpur. New industries and their settlements were built first towards the east and later after independence in 1947 across the river Kharkai on the west.

•A multinucleated pattern emerged with industries as the nuclei of settlement growth that minimized the distance between residence and workplace.

•Some of these industries were established by the Tatas, others were acquired and became subsidiaries.

•Tinplate, Cable, Steel and Wire Industries built their housing in a grid iron pattern on a ridge parallel to the main NW-SE ridge.

•The tribal villages that had deteriorated into bustees were now transformed into planned housing colonies.

•The Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company (TELCO) built housing for its employees in the village Jojobera.

JAMSHEDPUR URBAN AGGLOMERATION (JUA)

•Golmuri was developed by Tinplate Company

• Sidhgora by Indian Oxygen and Tata Steel.

•Baridih was developed by Tube Company.

•The satellite township of Adityapur came up in the 1960’s across the river Kharkhai as a result of state government initiative in planning an industrial complex which incorporated 83 villages and is spread over 53 square miles with much of the development concentrated along the main artery—Tata- Kandra Road.

• About 700 industries provide goods and services to Tata Steel although serviced by poorly planned residential and commercial development.

• JUA 2027 Master Plan was drawn up by Superior Global Infrastructure of New Delhi in collaboration with the Philadelphia based landscape planning firm of WallaceRoberts &Todd at the behest of state govt.

•The scope of planning covered the core of Jamshedpur, Adityapur, Mango, Jugsalai and seven villages, altogether covering an area of 149.23 sq. kms.

JAMSHEDPUR URBAN AGGLOMERATION (JUA)

THANKYOU . . . .

• Journal of Planning History of Jamshedpur (2011) -Prof. Amita Sinha ( Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Illinois)Jatinder Singh (Chief Architect, JUSCO)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Jamshedpur- Planning History

Engineering

Transcript of Jamshedpur- Planning History