JAMMU & KASHMIR MILITANCY

AKSHAY S

KRISHNA

VNIT NAGPUR

HISTORY• Had 77% muslim population,still the ruler was Maharaja Hari singh

• On 22 October 1947, locals and tribesmen backed by Pakistan invaded Kashmir

• The maharaja appealed for assistance to the governor-general Louis Mountbatten, who agreed

on the condition that the ruler accede to India

• Once the instrument of accession was signed, Indian soldiers entered Kashmir with orders to

evict the raiders

• The UN resolution asked both India and Pakistan to vacate the areas they had occupied and

hold a referendum under UN observation

• The holding of this plebiscite was dismissed by India because the 1952 elected constituent

assembly of J&K voted in favour of confirming the Kashmir region's accession to India

RELIGIONS & REGIONS

RELIGIONS & REGIONS• A state known for pluralism and a culturally diverse society

• Jammu province was dominated by Hindus

• north of Jammu-the Kashmir valley was dominated by Sunni Muslims with

Hindu Pandits

• substantial Sikh presence too was there

• Buddhist predominance in Ladakh area with a slight presence of Shia

Muslims

• Gilgit&Baltistan were thinly populated mostly with Shia Muslims

PROXY WAR BY ISI

• Tactics of Pakistan as they

could not win over India in a full

scale direct war

• They have named it ‘JIHAD’ on

political/religious grounds

PROXY WAR…

• In 1987,a disputed state

election acted as a catalyst for

the insurgency

• During 1990s this

INSURGENCY started

escalating

PROXY WAR…

• Hizbul Mujahideen,Lashkar-e-

Taiba,Jaish-e-Mohammed ,Al-

Badar ,Harkat-ul-Ansar etc

infiltrated through the line of

control

• ISI actively supported all these

groups

PROXY WAR…• Mujahidden insurgency at first

used J&K Liberation Front as

the main vehicle

• JKLF demanded

independence of kashmir

DIFFERENCE …

• Since 1995,one fraction of JKLF

under Yasin Malik renounced

the use of violence

STRATEGY CHANGE

• Crowd mobilisation to defame

Indian security forces and to

internationalise the issue

• Execution of Afsal guru increased

stone pelting dimensions

MODUS OPERANDI…

• Campaigns to mar India's image in media

• Keep Indian forces constantly engaged

• Attack secular foundations of the state

and Paint India as persecutor of Muslims

• To turn low intensity riots to the

Independence War gradually

INDIA’S RESPONSE• Project UMEED for women empowerment

• Project HIMAYAT for capacity building and employment

• BHARAT DARSHAN programs to connect people of J&K with FELLOW

INDIANS

• Project UDAAN for skill development of youth

• Billions of Rupee spend via various economic & infrastructure plans

• Article 370 & discussions

ARTICLE 370

Article 370 of the Indian constitution is

a law that grants special autonomous

status to Jammu and Kashmir.

The article is drafted in part XXI of the

constitution, which relates to temporary,

transitional and special provisions.

KASHMIR IS OUR LAND

&

KASHMIRIS ARE OUR PEOPLE