JAMES OKARIMIA SOLVENCY II FOR DUMMIES PRESENTATION

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JAMES OKARIMIA - Solvency II Solutions Presented by James J Okarimia

Transcript of JAMES OKARIMIA SOLVENCY II FOR DUMMIES PRESENTATION

Page 1: JAMES OKARIMIA SOLVENCY II FOR DUMMIES PRESENTATION

JAMES OKARIMIA - Solvency II Solutions

Presented by James J Okarimia

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Calculation kernel

The central method for quantifying and modelling risk and capital requirements in the internal model.

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European Commission

The executive arm of the EU, responsible for initiating new legislation and the day‐to‐day running of the EU. It has been responsible for drafting the Solvency II Framework Directive, shaping the implementation measures and evaluating its enforcement. 

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European Council

• Made up of representatives from each of the EU’s member states. It provides the EU with political leadership and establishes the direction of European policy. The Council and the European Parliament are responsible for passing legislation, including the Solvency II Directive. 

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European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA)

The EU supervisory body for insurance. It was established in January 2011 as part of wider changes to the European financial services regulatory framework and replaces the Committee of European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Supervisors (CEIOPS). EIOPA has greater legislative powers than CEIOPS and continues as the regulatory advisory body to the European Commission on Solvency II.

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European Insurance and Pensions Committee (EIOPC)

An EU committee of experts from Member State finance ministries. The Committee scrutinize the implementing measures in order to develop the legal text that will operationalize Solvency II. 

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European Parliament

Made up of Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) elected directly by European citizens. The Parliament and the European Council are responsible for passing legislation, including the Solvency II Directive. 

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Internal model

A risk management system developed by an insurer to analyze their overall risk position, to quantify risks and to determine the capital required to meet those risks. Under Solvency II, an insurer may use its internal model to calculate its Solvency Capital Requirement, with the approval of its national supervisor. 

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Individual Capital Adequacy Standards (ICAS)

The current capital adequacy requirements regime applicable to UK insurers. The ICAS regime will be replaced by Solvency II. 

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Gap Analysis

An exercise undertaken by insurers to compare their existing risk and capital management processes against those required by Solvency II to identify and remedy potential gaps. 

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International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS)

The global regulatory standard setting body for the insurance industry. It represents insurance regulators and supervisors of some 190 jurisdictions, issuing global insurance principles, standards and guidance papers. 

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Internal Model Approval Process (IMAP)

A process established by the Financial Services Authority to assist insurers seeking to use internal models to calculate regulatory capital requirements. Internal models must be reviewed and approved by the regulator before they can be used to calculate regulatory capital under Solvency II. 

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Level 1 Framework Directive

The Solvency II Framework Directive which contains the basic principles underpinning Solvency II. 

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Level 2 Implementing Measures

Detailed rules that allow Solvency II principles to be put into practice. The main impact of Solvency II on EU insurers is shaped by Level 2 implementing measures. 

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Level 3 Guidance

Supervisory standards, guidelines and recommendations to enhance convergent and effective application of Solvency II. Unlike levels 1 and 2 they are not mandatory for Member States. 

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Level 4 Enforcement

Post‐implementation compliance with Solvency II provisions in national laws and regulations. 

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Minimum Capital Requirement (MCR)

The lower of the two capital levels required by Solvency II. It represents the minimum level of capital required to be held by an insurer before ultimate regulatory intervention is triggered. 

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Own Risk and Solvency Assessment (ORSA)

Own Risk and Solvency Assessment – An assessment of an insurer’s processes and procedures used to identify, assess, monitor, manage, and report the short‐and long‐term risks it faces or may face and to determine the own funds necessary to ensure that its overall solvency needs are met at all times.

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Own Funds 

Capital, as described under Solvency II. Basic Own Funds (BOF) is the excess of assets over liabilities as determined by the EBS with any qualifying subordinated debt added back. Some forms of off‐balance‐sheet finance may receive regulatory approval to qualify as Ancillary Own Funds (AOF). Both BOF and AOF are allocated to tiers of Own Funds depending on prescribed criteria, and the SCR and the MCR both have rules regarding the extent to which the tiers of Own Funds can be used as coverage of these requirements.

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Pillar 1

The portion of Solvency II focused on all the quantitative capital requirements, which cover market‐consistent valuations of assets and liabilities, calculation of available capital, capital requirements, and internal model validation. This pillar aims to ensure firms are adequately capitalized with risk‐based capital. All valuations in this pillar are to be done in a prudent and market‐consistent manner. Companies may use either the Standard Formula approach or an internal model approach. The use of internal models will be subject to stringent standards and prior supervisory approval to enable a firm to calculate its regulatory capital requirements using its own internal model.

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Pillar 2The qualitative requirements, which covers the principals of internal control, governance, risk management, ORSA process, and supervisory review process. The portion of Solvency II focused on imposing higher standards of risk management and governance within a firm’s organization. This pillar also gives supervisors greater powers to challenge their firms on risk management issues. It includes ORSA, which requires a firm to undertake its own forward‐looking self‐assessment of its risks, corresponding capital requirements, and adequacy of capital resources.

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Pillar 3

Market discipline, which covers disclosure requirements, both private to the supervisors and public to the marketplace. The portion of Solvency II that aims for greater levels of transparency for supervisors and the public. There is a private annual report to supervisors, and a public solvency and financial condition report that increases the level of disclosure required by firms. Any current returns will be completely replaced by reports containing core information that firms will have to make to the regulator on a quarterly and annual basis. This ensures that a firm’s overall financial position is better represented and includes more up‐to‐date information.

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Quantitative Impact Study (QIS)

An exercise to test the financial impact and suitability of proposed Solvency II requirements on insurers. QIS5 is the most recent QIS exercise, conducted in 2010. 

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Solvency and Financial Condition Report SFCR

A public disclosure report which is required to be published annually by all insurers and will contain detailed quantitative and qualitative elements. 

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Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR)

The higher of the two capital levels required by Solvency II. The SCR is the prudent amount of assets to be held in excess of liabilities and is an early warning mechanism if it is breached. The SCR is calculated using either the standard formula or an approved internal model. 

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Standard Formula

A risk‐based mathematical formula used by insurers to calculate their Solvency Capital Requirement under Solvency II. The standard formula is intended for use by most EU insurers, although they may use an internal model instead.

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Supervisory College

A group of national supervisors monitoring the activities of a cross‐border insurance group. The college provides a platform for information sharing and co‐operation between regulators. 

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Supervisory Review Process (SRP)

An important element of Solvency II that guides the regulators review of an insurer’s risk management and governance. It aims to ensure an insurer is well run and meets risk management standards. 

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Technical Provisions

The amount of capital that an insurer needs to hold in order to meet its expected future obligations arising from insurance contracts. 

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Third Country Equivalence

Solvency II includes provisions for assessments of the solvency regimes and systems of group supervision of countries outside the EU (termed “third countries”). The purpose of these assessments is to determine whether assessed regimes and systems are equivalent to the comparable provisions of Solvency II. 

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Transitional Provisions

Legislative provisions that allow certain aspects of Solvency II to be deferred, giving insurers time to adjust and manage the transition to the new regime. Transitional provisions are included in the Omnibus II Directive. 

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European Institutional Framework and Supervisory Architecture

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Insurance Companies Supervision – Solvency II

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Insurance Companies are required to become solvency II compliant by addressing a wide range of requirements, both in qualitative and quantitative aspect:To implement solvency 2 there are increasing need to support this project with different specialist on different front:

• Gap analysis, Impact  analysis, with  Program Roadmap • Program Governance and Project Management• Outline the linkage between Actuary, Finance, Risk, Business ,Process , Systems to support Business Solvency II Implementation

Pillar 2• Governance analysis, Design• Implement Risk appetite,  Risk Limits, and  Translate to Business Change• Update  of business functions such as  Aactuary, Risk Management, Internal  Control & Audit, Compliance • Implement  ORSA and Use Test• Organisational changes, Risk  Culture , Attitude and  Behavior.Pillar 3Internal and External Reporting  to DNB and  Relation to Supervisors‐ IFRS and other Reporting standard

cretiseren  Aanpassingen in functies Actuariaat,  Risk Management,  Internal Audit, Compliancplementeren

RM Associates can support you with:• Gap analysis SII requirements vs. Current state• Readiness assements of your process,

project organisation & Internal Control• Independent health checks of  SII program• Support implementation of Gap analysis  findinhgs• Program managemnt & Governance• Streamline role in SII subareas for implementation

e.g. Define Risk appetite – Risk Limits – KRI’s,ORSA, Risk Managememnt & Controls etc.

• Solvency II all Pillars Implementation• Solvency II documentation

Multi‐disciplinaire Support  on Different Solvency II Parts

Solvency II Support:

:

• Balance sheet evaluation

• Solvency  Capital Requirements (SCR)

• Minimum Capital Requirement (MCR)

Our Value Proposition ‐ Solution & Expertise

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Solvency II – Three pillar based implementation approach. 

Internal controls

Risk Management 

Measures of supervision

Disclosure ofInformation onRisks

ScenarioAnalyses ofAssets andtechnical Pro‐visions

Insurance Risk

Investment /Market Risk

Operational Risk

Solvency IIProtection of Policyholders against Failure of Insurance Companies

Credit Risk

Asset ‐ LiabilityMismatch

Technical provisions 

MCR – MinimumCapital Require‐ments

SCR – SolvencyCapital Require‐ments

Internal controls

Risk Management  Own Risk & SolvencyAssessment ‐ ORSA Measures of 

supervision

Disclosure ofInformation onRisks

ScenarioAnalysis ofAssets andTechnical Pro‐visions

Technical provisions 

MCR – MinimumCapital Require‐ments

SCR – SolvencyCapital Require‐ments

Pillar IFinancial Resources

Pillar IIRegulatoryReview

Pillar IIIMarket discipline

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Overall govenance  arrangements1. Strategy and risk appetite

Oversight arrangementsUsers test, decision and planning support

2. Technical pricing and value contribution is core imput to product design and pricingMetric to  identify underperforming portfolio

Risk identification         Risk assessment and measurement Risk monitoring3. Cover all types of risk     Single version of truth                            Industrialised 

analysisIdentyfying emerging risk  Reflects the risk presented              Control of key risks

Risk  reporting and Management information4 Information to drive business decision

Clear, concise and reflective of current statusData,  IT, Infrastructure

5 Intergration of risk and finance system architectureData to be consistent,  complete,accurate and auditablePolicis,standards, people and culture

6 Clear  ownership of task and risk decisionconsistent policies and standards

Enterprise Risk Management Framework

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Insurance Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) System

All Business Units

Data Sources/Applications

Integration/ETL

ConsolidatedData

Transformation/Calculation

ResultsData Marts

Decision Supporting/Reporting

Meta Data

Software Infrastructure

Development Environment and System Management

Enterprise Risk DataConsolidation

Market Value Assets &Liabilities

Monte CarloScenarios

Stress Test

EC / EV

VaR / TaR

Solvency & Capital Adequacy

Regulatory Compliance

ALM & Stochastic Planning

Asset Data• In‐force Business • Credit• Derivatives• Bond Duration & Convexity• Equities• Real Estate

Liability Data• Claims• Expense

Non‐market economic Data

Market Risk Data(Volatilies, Correlations)

Integration

Extractio

n –Tran

sformation ‐Loa

dRisk Engine

(e.g., DFA Advise,  MoSes, Algorithmics)

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Calculating Economic Capital (EC) is becoming an important tool for insurers in guiding risk‐based decision making

• EC defines the organisation’s capital to cover potential losses at a given risk tolerance level and time horizon.

Insurance Risk Credit Risk Liquidity Risk Market Risk Operational Risk

Mortality

Lapses

Reserves

Defaults

Spreads

Counterparties

Asset / Liability Mismatch

Hedging programs

Equities

Interest rates

Real Estate

Distribution

System

People

Risk Aggregation

Illustrative

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In the US, the calculation of Economic Capital (EC) follows a “Best estimate” liability approach

• EC is the level of assets, in addition to the Best Estimate Liability, required to pay future policyholder benefits at the chosen Security Factor.

Best Estimate Liability

Runoff risk

Pricing riskEconomic 

Capital

Needed Assets

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Risk‐adjusted Value Based Management (VBM)

Market Values Balance Sheet

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Integrated Risk & Finance Logical Architecture View

Example Measures: RAROC, VaR, RWA, Operational, Market & Credit ReportingData Warehouse: The Bank wide data warehouse stores the raw and processed data from the calculation engines. It holds transaction level data and enables views of the data by multiple dimensions e.g. counterparty, general ledger account, functional organization, product etc. data is extracted from the business units specific systems as frequently as is required to provide timely and meaningful bank wide views of risk

RAROCCapital

ELELExpensesvenue CROR Re

CreditData

Integration & enrichment

Risk & FINANCE DW (Economic Data)-Loans & Borrowings-Economic Capital-Revenue-Expense-Budgets-Risk Capital chargesRisk & FINANCE DW-Risk Capital- Prudential Limits (RWA)-RWA for exposures-Investment Portfolio-Expected Loss ELMETA DATA & BUSINESS RULESSUPPORT-Common meta data-Business rules definitions & support

Integration & enrichment

RWA (Regulatory) Engines

Analytics EnginesEOD Calculators-VaR-Stress Testing-Back Testing-Prudential Limits-Operational Risk (viaDashboard)

INTRADAY Calculators-VaR-Trade position -Real Time Limits-Desk Level Analytics-Operational Availability(via dashboard)

Accounting Engine-P&L-RAROC-Other Accounting Measures GL

Data Mart(RegulatoryReporting)

Data Mart(EconomicReporting)

Data Mart(Operational Risk

Dashboard)

Reporting Architecture

ReportingEngine

ReportingEngine

Services APIs

RISK DIMENSIONS:

-Market Risk

-Credit Risk

-Operational Risk

-Prudential & Operational Limits

-Risk Capital Charges & Measures

1

2

3

1. Example RAPM equation for illustration

2. This represents a shared architecture for both EOD & intraday pre deal analytics 3. RISK DASHBOARD for operational quantitative & graphical risk evaluations

Financial Data

Client riskData

Market riskData

ODS’sData

Business

Actors

Traders

Debt Managers

Operations

Accounting

Management

Regulators

Compliance

Pre deal RWA

Intraday / pre

deal

analytics

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Contact details – For further information

James J Okarimia Partner,RM Associates –Partners in Enterprise Risk Management

E: [email protected]: +31 (0) 62 3192 655T: +31 (0) 30 2599 455