James Monroe and James Monroe and ““The Era of The Era of Good FeelingsGood Feelings””

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

““The Era Of Good FeelingsThe Era Of Good Feelings””

• ““The Era of Good The Era of Good FeelingsFeelings”” was a period of was a period of national pride and national pride and political peace associated political peace associated with James Monroewith James Monroe

• Jeffersonian Republicans Jeffersonian Republicans accept Hamiltonaccept Hamilton’’s s economic plans. economic plans. Americans expected civil Americans expected civil discord between the discord between the political parties.political parties.

Anglo- American PeaceAnglo- American Peace

• 1815 American trade 1815 American trade is important to the is important to the British economyBritish economy

• 1818 both nations 1818 both nations settle the Canadian settle the Canadian boundary dispute and boundary dispute and agree that both nations agree that both nations will control the will control the Oregon territory for 10 Oregon territory for 10 yearsyears

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

• Named for James MonroeNamed for James Monroe• 55thth President of the United States 1817-1925 President of the United States 1817-1925

• Monroe brought a vision of an expanded America to his presidency—a Monroe brought a vision of an expanded America to his presidency—a vision that helped facilitate the formulation of what has become known as vision that helped facilitate the formulation of what has become known as the Monroe Doctrine. Because this Doctrine bears his name, the general the Monroe Doctrine. Because this Doctrine bears his name, the general public is not inclined to recognize the significant contributions made by public is not inclined to recognize the significant contributions made by Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and unofficial presidential advisor Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and unofficial presidential advisor Thomas Jefferson.Thomas Jefferson.

• The Doctrine was presented in an address to congress December 2, 1823The Doctrine was presented in an address to congress December 2, 1823

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine• In Latin America, it is a period of In Latin America, it is a period of

revolution and liberation.revolution and liberation.• Chile, Venezuela, Mexico and Brazil have Chile, Venezuela, Mexico and Brazil have

gained their freedom from Spain and gained their freedom from Spain and Portugal. The United States recognizes Portugal. The United States recognizes them as legitimate countries.them as legitimate countries.

• America fears that other foreign countries America fears that other foreign countries like France and Britain may now want to like France and Britain may now want to control these countries in Latin America.control these countries in Latin America.

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine• Warns European nations that they cannot Warns European nations that they cannot

set up colonies or interfere in Latin set up colonies or interfere in Latin American problems anymore.American problems anymore.

• The United States will protect North and The United States will protect North and South America from any European South America from any European influence.influence.

• The United States will not involve itself in The United States will not involve itself in European affairs militarily or politically.European affairs militarily or politically.

Monroe Doctrine Political Monroe Doctrine Political CartoonCartoon

Monroe Doctrine Political Monroe Doctrine Political CartoonCartoon

Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine Political CartoonPolitical Cartoon

Directions:Directions:

• Use this PowerPoint along with the text of the Monroe Use this PowerPoint along with the text of the Monroe Doctrine to complete a Document Analysis Worksheet. Doctrine to complete a Document Analysis Worksheet.

• We will meet as a class to go over the results, then answer We will meet as a class to go over the results, then answer some questions on the document.some questions on the document.

Questions on the Monroe DoctrineQuestions on the Monroe Doctrine• To what event(s) or condition(s) in the history of the United

States and/or its diplomacy does each section refer?• In what ways, if any, does the Monroe Doctrine address

American concerns for peace and safety?• In what ways, if any, does the Monroe Doctrine invoke U.S.

sympathy for revolutionary governments in South America?• In what ways, if any, does the Monroe Doctrine continue the

American policy of neutrality?• In what ways, if any, does the Monroe Doctrine address

American desires to expand its territory?• Do you see any other motives behind the Monroe Doctrine?

The Cold War: Domino Theory The Cold War: Domino Theory and Containmentand Containment

Korea, VietnamKorea, VietnamCuba, Central AmericaCuba, Central America

Middle EastMiddle East

Terms to Know: The Arms RaceTerms to Know: The Arms Race

Brinkmanship: Brinkmanship: US needed to act as US needed to act as though we are willing though we are willing to go to war.to go to war.Had to go to the Had to go to the “brink” the verge of “brink” the verge of war without slipping war without slipping into it.into it.

Arms Race in the SkyArms Race in the Sky

• ICBMsICBMs• Long range rockets Long range rockets

loaded with nuclear loaded with nuclear weaponsweapons

• SputnikSputnik• The rocket that carried The rocket that carried

the first satellite into the first satellite into space could also carry space could also carry a nuclear weapon to a nuclear weapon to space.space.

Arms Race in the SkyArms Race in the Sky

• U2 – high altitude U2 – high altitude planes that flew over planes that flew over territory and took territory and took pictures. pictures. • 15 miles in the air.15 miles in the air.

• U2 Incident: 1960U2 Incident: 1960• Russia was able to Russia was able to

shoot down a U2shoot down a U2

The Domino Theory: AsiaThe Domino Theory: Asia

• 1949: Communists 1949: Communists take over China.take over China.• Most populated Most populated

country in the world country in the world had gone Communist.had gone Communist.

• Led by Mao ZedongLed by Mao Zedong

KoreaKorea

• After WWII Korea After WWII Korea was divided at the 38was divided at the 38thth Parallel. Parallel. • North – Russian North – Russian

controlledcontrolled• South – US ControlledSouth – US Controlled• 1948 – occupying 1948 – occupying

forces withdrew.forces withdrew.

Korean WarKorean War

• Both sides wanted Both sides wanted reunification – but reunification – but under whose rule?under whose rule?

• 1950 – North Korea 1950 – North Korea army poured across army poured across 3838thth Parallel to force Parallel to force reunification.reunification.

Korean WarKorean War• US thought it was all US thought it was all

orchestrated by the orchestrated by the Communists.Communists.

• The last thing the US wanted The last thing the US wanted was another war, but they was another war, but they thought they had to make a thought they had to make a stand against the Communist stand against the Communist North Koreans.North Koreans.

• This became known as This became known as Containment policy.Containment policy.

Korean War: UN Military ActionKorean War: UN Military Action

• 16 nations – including 16 nations – including the US – came to the US – came to defend South Korea defend South Korea from North Korea.from North Korea.• 80% of troops were 80% of troops were

American.American.

Waging the Korean WarWaging the Korean War

• General Douglas General Douglas MacArthur led the MacArthur led the offense against North offense against North KoreaKorea• Backed by Soviet and Backed by Soviet and

Chinese weapons and Chinese weapons and soldiers.soldiers.

MacArthur goes too farMacArthur goes too far

• To push the North To push the North Koreans back behind Koreans back behind the 38the 38thth Parallel, Parallel, destroy the destroy the Communists in North Communists in North Korea, or attack Korea, or attack China?China?

• MacArthur wanted the MacArthur wanted the second front in China.second front in China.

MacArthur goes too farMacArthur goes too far

• President Truman said NO President Truman said NO to invading China.to invading China.

• MacArthur tried to go MacArthur tried to go behind the Commander in behind the Commander in Chief’s back (Truman) and Chief’s back (Truman) and get Congressional support.get Congressional support.

• Truman FIRED MacArthur Truman FIRED MacArthur for insubordination.for insubordination.• 1951.1951.

Korean WarKorean War

• Truman spent his Truman spent his presidency keeping the presidency keeping the war contained to Korea.war contained to Korea.

• President Eisenhower President Eisenhower used the threat of a used the threat of a nuclear attack to get the nuclear attack to get the North Koreans to return North Koreans to return behind the 38behind the 38thth Parallel. Parallel.

Effects of the Korean WarEffects of the Korean War

• 34,000 Americans 34,000 Americans dead in three years dead in three years (1950 – 1953)(1950 – 1953)

• Containment had Containment had workedworked

• But North Korea was But North Korea was and still is and still is Communist.Communist.

The Domino Theory: VietnamThe Domino Theory: Vietnam1954 - 19751954 - 1975

• 2000 years Vietnam has 2000 years Vietnam has resisted being absorbed resisted being absorbed into China.into China.

• 1800s Vietnam became 1800s Vietnam became a colony for France.a colony for France.

• WWII: WWII: • Fought for Fought for

independence from independence from JapanJapan

Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh

• Fought for Fought for independence before, independence before, during and after WII.during and after WII.

• Leader of a group Leader of a group called the Viet Minh.called the Viet Minh.• Defeated the French in Defeated the French in

1954.1954.

1954 Peace Treaty over Vietnam1954 Peace Treaty over Vietnam

• Divided Vietnam.Divided Vietnam.• North Vietnam – North Vietnam –

Communist under Ho Communist under Ho Chi MinhChi Minh

• South Vietnam – South Vietnam – Supposed to be Supposed to be capitalist and capitalist and democratic.democratic.• SUPPOSED TO BESUPPOSED TO BE

South VietnamSouth Vietnam

• President DiemPresident Diem• Called himself Called himself

“president”“president”• Said he was pro-USASaid he was pro-USA• Brutally put down any Brutally put down any

opponents.opponents.• Pro-Catholic in a mostly Pro-Catholic in a mostly

Buddhist country.Buddhist country.• Corruption to make his Corruption to make his

family rich.family rich.

Remember that the CIA used to Remember that the CIA used to be able to do political be able to do political

assassination? assassination? • That’s what happened That’s what happened

to President Diem!to President Diem!• CIA authorized and CIA authorized and

said the US would not said the US would not object to Diem’s object to Diem’s overthrow.overthrow.

• Diem ended up dead Diem ended up dead trying to flee. trying to flee.

• November 1963November 1963

Containment in VietnamContainment in Vietnam

• President EisenhowerPresident Eisenhower• Military advisors for South Military advisors for South

Vietnamese.Vietnamese.

• President KennedyPresident Kennedy• Sent troops to keep North Sent troops to keep North

Vietnam contained.Vietnam contained.

• President JohnsonPresident Johnson• ““I’m not going to be the I’m not going to be the

president who saw president who saw Southeast Asia go the way Southeast Asia go the way China went.”China went.”

Containment in VietnamContainment in Vietnam

• Robert McNamara – Robert McNamara – Secretary of Defense for Secretary of Defense for Kennedy and JohnsonKennedy and Johnson• Created policies that led Created policies that led

to more US involvement.to more US involvement.• Movement away from Movement away from

nuclear threat to a nuclear threat to a “flexible response”“flexible response”

• Finding different ways to Finding different ways to fight a war than nuclear fight a war than nuclear threat option.threat option.

Reflection QuestionsReflection Questions

• What caused the reversal in US diplomatic What caused the reversal in US diplomatic policy?policy?

• Do you think it was justified?Do you think it was justified?• Were there any other options available?Were there any other options available?• Do you think that Containment policy was Do you think that Containment policy was

necessary in Vietnam?necessary in Vietnam?