James Madison and the James Madison and the War of 1812War of 1812

Election of 1808Election of 1808

What does the election of 1808 reveal What does the election of 1808 reveal about about

the growing power of the Republican the growing power of the Republican party?party?

Madison’s PolicyMadison’s Policy

Peaceful economic coercionPeaceful economic coercion 1809 Non-Intercourse Act1809 Non-Intercourse Act 1810 Macon’s Bill No. 21810 Macon’s Bill No. 2

Coercion failsCoercion fails

Napoleon baits Madison Napoleon baits Madison Agrees to respect American rightsAgrees to respect American rights Madison stops trade with Great Madison stops trade with Great

Britain Britain

Causes of the warCauses of the war

Harassment of US shippingHarassment of US shipping Impressments (between 6,000 & 8,000 Impressments (between 6,000 & 8,000

sailors/deserters taken)sailors/deserters taken) National prideNational pride War HawksWar Hawks

– Southern congressmen favored war, even though it Southern congressmen favored war, even though it hurt the easthurt the east

– Why did the War Hawks want war?Why did the War Hawks want war?– Land hunger, Expand (Canada & Florida) Land hunger, Expand (Canada & Florida) – End End IndianIndian attacks attacks– J.C. Calhoun – mother scalped, Felix Grundy 3 J.C. Calhoun – mother scalped, Felix Grundy 3

brothers killedbrothers killed

War Hawks

Henry Clay John C. Calhoun

An Indian VisionAn Indian Vision

Shawnee brothers Tecumseh and Shawnee brothers Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa form an Indian Tenskwatawa form an Indian Confederacy to fight US expansionConfederacy to fight US expansion

Tecumseh – “Why not sell the air, Tecumseh – “Why not sell the air, the clouds, the sea?”the clouds, the sea?”

Vision is shattered at Battle of Vision is shattered at Battle of Tippecanoe (1811) by US general Tippecanoe (1811) by US general William Henry HarrisonWilliam Henry Harrison

Did Napoleon trick the US Did Napoleon trick the US into war?into war?

Both Britain and France violate US Both Britain and France violate US rightsrights

Madison states that the US will trade Madison states that the US will trade with the first nation that agrees to with the first nation that agrees to respect our rights (Macon’s Bill No. 2)respect our rights (Macon’s Bill No. 2)

Napoleon acts firstNapoleon acts first US declares war June 18, 1812US declares war June 18, 1812 Britain drops the Orders in Council June Britain drops the Orders in Council June

16, 181216, 1812

HomeworkHomework

Read pages 226 to 231Read pages 226 to 231 Answer – How was the War of 1812 Answer – How was the War of 1812

a “western war with eastern labels”? a “western war with eastern labels”? Rank the following in level of Rank the following in level of

importance as they apply to the War importance as they apply to the War of 1812: land hunger, national pride, of 1812: land hunger, national pride, settler-Indian conflicts, freedom of settler-Indian conflicts, freedom of the seas, impressment of US sailorsthe seas, impressment of US sailors

What were some of the benefits What were some of the benefits of going to war with Britain?of going to war with Britain?

To allow reopening of tradeTo allow reopening of trade National PrideNational Pride To stop the impressments of To stop the impressments of

sailorssailors CANADA!!!CANADA!!! Florida!!!Florida!!! End Indian attacksEnd Indian attacks

What were some What were some drawbacks to going to drawbacks to going to

war?war? Not everyone in the US wanted to go to warNot everyone in the US wanted to go to war Military was smallMilitary was small

– Standing Army was smallStanding Army was small– Militia comprised most of our forces, and they did Militia comprised most of our forces, and they did

not like to fight outside of their state bordersnot like to fight outside of their state borders– Navy was quite small only 22 shipsNavy was quite small only 22 ships

Britain was a great Superpower and could Britain was a great Superpower and could crush us like a bug and we could lose crush us like a bug and we could lose territory that was gained in the Treaty of territory that was gained in the Treaty of Paris or the Louisiana PurchaseParis or the Louisiana Purchase

Declaration of WarDeclaration of War June 18 of 1812 June 18 of 1812

Congress oks Congress oks declaration of wardeclaration of war

June 16 Britain had June 16 Britain had suspended the suspended the Orders in CouncilOrders in Council

Vote was split along Vote was split along regional linesregional lines

War started with War started with Invasion of Canada Invasion of Canada

Key BattlesKey Battles

US Burns York (now Toronto)US Burns York (now Toronto)– US figured the Canadians would welcome the US figured the Canadians would welcome the

Americans and quickly join the US to expel Americans and quickly join the US to expel Britain from North America…this did not Britain from North America…this did not happenhappen

Perry Defeated the British on Lake EriePerry Defeated the British on Lake Erie– This gave the US control of Lake ErieThis gave the US control of Lake Erie

Britain Blockades the Eastern SeaboardBritain Blockades the Eastern Seaboard– This prevented shipping from leaving, and This prevented shipping from leaving, and

made the war more unpopular in the Northeastmade the war more unpopular in the Northeast

The Roof is on Fire…The Roof is on Fire… In August 1814, In August 1814,

British Forces British Forces Sailed into Sailed into Chesapeake Bay Chesapeake Bay and capture and capture Washington D.C.Washington D.C.

They burn the They burn the White House and White House and the Capitolthe Capitol

Madison and Madison and Congress Barely Congress Barely escapeescape

Oh Say Can You See…Oh Say Can You See… Unlike D.C., Baltimore Unlike D.C., Baltimore

was Ready for the Britishwas Ready for the British The City militia inflicted The City militia inflicted

heavy casualties on the heavy casualties on the BritishBritish

After bombarding Fort After bombarding Fort McHenry on September McHenry on September 13, 1814 The British 13, 1814 The British abandon the attackabandon the attack

Francis Scott Key Francis Scott Key witnessed the witnessed the bombardment and bombardment and penned a poem which penned a poem which becomes the National becomes the National Anthem. Anthem.

Treaty of GhentTreaty of Ghent Treaty was Negotiated Treaty was Negotiated

in Europe and was in Europe and was signed on Dec. 24, signed on Dec. 24, 1814 ending the war of 1814 ending the war of 18121812

The War ended in a The War ended in a stalemate, where no stalemate, where no party gained or lost party gained or lost any territory. any territory.

The issue of The issue of impressment was not impressment was not addressed, but faded addressed, but faded on its own. on its own.

Battle of New OrleansBattle of New Orleans Fought after the treaty Fought after the treaty

was signed (but not was signed (but not ratified)ratified)

Why was New Orleans Why was New Orleans important?important?

Pirates and Pirates and Frontiersman fought Frontiersman fought alongside US troopsalongside US troops

Made Andrew Jackson a Made Andrew Jackson a National hero and National hero and household namehousehold name

Ensured treaty Ensured treaty ratification ratification

If The War of 1812 ended If The War of 1812 ended in a tie, why was it in a tie, why was it

important?important?

Gave the United States a National IdentityGave the United States a National Identity– We were able to hold our own against the We were able to hold our own against the

BritishBritish– Started us thinking about continuing Started us thinking about continuing

westward expansionwestward expansion– Ended bad feelings toward the BritishEnded bad feelings toward the British

Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the Western FrontiersmenWestern Frontiersmen

Growth of American IndustryGrowth of American Industry Disappearance of the Federalist PartyDisappearance of the Federalist Party Francis Scott Key – Star Spangled BannerFrancis Scott Key – Star Spangled Banner