James K. Thompson, NIST, JILA Dept. Physics Univ. Colorado
Transcript of James K. Thompson, NIST, JILA Dept. Physics Univ. Colorado
Quantum many‐body statesfor precision measurement
James K. Thompson, NIST, JILA & Dept. of Physics at Univ. of Colorado
Precision Measurements: Things you can do with many quantum objects, that you can’t do with one
Steady‐state superradiant lasersSpin squeezed states
Reducing Quantum Noise
World record entanglement for quantum sensors
Atoms cancel each other’s noise
Making Sharper Optical Rulers
100x reduction in laser linewidthfor frequency, length, and gravity metrology
Hide laser information in collective state of atoms
Both Impact Wide Array of Measurements
To go where nobody has gone before Magnetic & electric field
Force, pressure, temp.
Gravity field
Realization & distribution of SI Base Units
Rotation,Acceleration
A Lineage of Quantum Control FreaksControl of InternalAtomic States
Single Ion/ElectronTrapping
1989 1997Laser Cooling& Trapping
2001Bose EinsteinCondensation
2012Single‐System
Quantum Control
2005Coherent Optical
Control
Nearly Complete Control of Single Atoms
What’s next!?
credit: Nobel
Parallel Control of Independent Atoms
credit: Nobel
Ultra‐PreciseAtomic Clocks
0.000 000 000 000 000 003(courtesy Ye group)
(credit Hubble)
World’s most precise absolute measurement of any kind
Matterwave InterferometersEinstein’s equivalence principleDetermine gravitational constant GDetect gravity waves
Use pulses of light to spatiallysplit the atomic wave function
Credit: A. Peters group
GPS free navigationGyroscopes AccelerometersGravimetryFundamental constants of natureTests of QEDTest atomic charge neutrality
Parallel Control of Independent Atoms
credit: Nobel
But what’s next?!
Vision for New Frontier of Precision Measurements
Can we move beyond the single atom paradigm?
Precision Measurements: Things you can do with many quantum objects, that you can’t do with one
• Core NIST mission • Critical advances in measurement science
Two Complex Experimental Systems: Rb, Sr
Canceling Quantum Fuzziness with Entanglement
JG Bohnet, KC Cox, MA Norcia, JM Weiner, Z Chen, JKT Nature Photonics 8, 731‐736 (2014)
Quantum Certainty Principle:all atoms are identical
Why Use Atoms/Molecules? Accuracy
Quantum Mechanics Giveth and Taketh…
Quantum Certainty Quantum Fuzziness
Ener
gy
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Fundamental limit for allquantum sensors
Squeezing Quantum Noise
fuzzy state of independent atoms Measure Pointing
squeezed fuzzinessof entangled atoms
Cavity enablescollectivemeasurement
200Trial #
Surpassing the Standard Quantum Limit
Angle
Trial #0200
Angle
JG Bohnet, KC Cox, MA Norcia, JM Weiner, Z Chen, JKT Nature Photonics 8, 731‐736 (2014)
Entangled atoms cancel each other’squantum noise
Precision Measurements: Things you can do with many quantum objects, that you can’t do with one?
World Record Entanglement
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Atom or Ion Number
GaTechChapman
MITVuletic
InnsbruckBlatt
ViennaSchmiedmayer
BaselTreutlein
BarcelonaMitchell
CopenhagenPolzikHeidelberg
Oberthaler
HannoverKlempt
JILAThompson17.6(4) dB
NISTWineland
StanfordKasevich
(unpublished)
Directly observed enhancement over SQL with no background subtractions
Technology: Matterwave InterferometersEinstein’s equivalence principleDetermine gravitational constant GDetect gravity waves?
GPS free navigationGyroscopes AccelerometersGravimetryFundamental constants of natureTests of QEDTest atomic charge neutrality
Use pulses of light to spatiallysplit the atomic wave function
Credit: A. Peters group
Technology: Optical Lattice Clocks
Many Key Advantages of Optical Approach
• Extended to our strontium system• Improved optical lattice clocks of Ye, Ludlow et al
• Very fast: 40 s• Avoids inaccuracies• Non‐destructive for higher bandwidth
M.A. Norcia, J.K. Thompson arxiv:1506.02297 (2015)
Superradiant Lasers: Ultraprecise Rulers ofTime and Space
JG Bohnet, Z Chen, JM Weiner, D Meiser, MJ Holland & JKT, Nature 484, 78‐81, April 5, 2012
Collective Synchronization
Atoms collectively store information inside laser
bacteria
Laser is the Central Ruler of Time & SpaceOptical Atomic Clock
Quantum atoms
Optical frequency comb
Classicalprobe laser
Microwave
Laser 106 :1 Reduction Gear
A Sharper Ruler
A Sharper Ruler
IMS: Two Innovative Paths
Ye Lab: New Optical Materials Thompson Lab: Superradiant Laser
Goal: x 100 improvementRadically different approachQuiet laser lab not needed
Atoms
Photons(~ 1)
Thompson, Ye, Jin, Holland, Rey, Gorshkov
Lasing on ultranarrow atomic transitions
Strontium
1S0
3 P0
Lifetime 150 seconds
P ~ N 2
>10,000 x less sensitive to cavity noise~1 mHz quantum linewidth, Q~ 1018
Laser P
ower
(nW)
Time (s)
Stepping Stone: Lasing on 7.5 kHz 3P1 transition
Meiser, Ye, Carlson, Holland, PRL 102, 163601 (2009)JG Bohnet, Z Chen, JM Weiner, D Meiser, MJ Holland & JKT, Nature 484, 78‐81, 2012
Gravity’s Impact on Time
Proposed IMS work: ~1 cm in 1 second!
~ 30 cm in 1 day
NIST Al+ clock
Freq
uency shift
Measurement number
Vision for New Frontier of Precision Measurements
Can we move beyond the single atom paradigm?
SummaryThanks to the Team :StrontiumMatthew NorciaKarl MayerMatthew Winchester
CollaboratorsMurray J. Holland, Jun Ye, Ana Maria Rey, Debbie Jin, Alexey Gorshkov, Andrew Daley, Michael Foss‐Feig, Dominic Meiser, M. Xu, D. Tieri, E. Fine
DARPA QUASAR, ARO, ONR, NSF PFC, NIST, NSF GRF, NDSEG, A*STAR
REU StudentsDaniel Barker (JQI)Steven Moses (JILA)Katherine McAlpine (UW)Elissa Picozzi (Whitman College)Michelle Chalupnik (U. Chicago)
RubidiumJustin Bohnet (NRC postdoc)Kevin CoxJoshua WeinerZilong Chen (Data Storage Inst.)Graham GreveJiayan Dai, Shannon Sankar