8/6/2019 Jam Mu

1/18

JAMMU & KASHMIR

1. INTRODUCTION

Jammupronunciation (helpinfo) (Dogri: , Urdu: ), also known as Duggar, is one of the

three administrative divisions within Jammu and Kashmir, the northernmost state in India.Jammu city

is the largest city in Jammu and the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir. Jammu City is also known

as "City of Temples" as it has many temples and shrines, with glitteringshikhars soaring into the sky,which dot the citys skyline, creating the ambiance of a holy and peaceful Hindu city.

Home to some of the most popularHindu shrines, such as Vaishno Devi, Jammu is a pilgrimage

tourism destination in India. The majority of Jammu's 2.7 million population (even though the matrix

on the right indicates a population of 369,000) practices Hinduism,[3]while Islam and Sikhism enjoy astrong cultural heritage in the region. Due to relatively better infrastructure, Jammu has emerged as the

main economic center of the state.[4]

Important Facts: Jammu & Kashmir

1. CAPITAL Summer(May-October)- SrinagarWinters(Novemenber-April)- Jammu

2. LANGUAGES Urdu, Kashmiri, Hindi, Dogri, Pahari,

Ladakhi

3. POPULATION 77,18,700

4. POPULATION GROWTH RATE 29%

5. SEX RATIO 923 (Females per 1000 males)

6. AREA 2,22,236 Sq Kms

7. POPULATION DENSITY 34 (persons per sq. km)

8. POPULATION BELOW POVERTY LINE (1987-88) 13.9%

9. URBANISATION RATIO 23.83(All India average: 25.7)

10. PERCENTAGE OF WORK FORCE IN POPULATION 44.3 %

11. MAIN WORKERS TO TOTAL POPULATION 30.37 % (All India Average 33.45 %)12. AGRICULTURE WORKERS/TOTAL POPULATION 49 % (All India Average 24.94 %)

13. TOTAL REPORTED AREA 24.16 Lakh Hectares

14. NET SOWN AREA 30%

15. AVERAGE SIZE OF LAND HOLDING 0.83 Hectares

16. NET IRRIGATED AREA/ NET SOWN AREA 42%

17. IRRIGATION INTENSITY 144%

18. GROSS CROPPED AREA 10.73 Lakh Hectares

19. CROPPING INTENSITY 146%

20.AREA UNDER HIGH YIELDING VARIETIES 9.19 Lakh Hectares

21. FOOD GRAIN PRODUCTION 14.55 lakh MTs

22. LIVE STOCK POPULATION (1992)87.07 lakhs

23. TOTAL NUMBER OF BANK BRANCHES (March,1997) : 950

24. AVERAGE POPULATION PER BANK BRANCH 8000 (National Average: 15000)

25. POST OFFICES (1993-94) 1,583

26. TELEGRAPH OFFICES (1993-94) 424

A major portion of J&K State consists of the western Himalayas, which besides many lofty mountain

ranges with varying heights of 3000 to 6000 meters and above, also abound in rivers, lakes, passes,

glaciers, plateaus and plains. The number of streams, brooks, hill torrents and rivers is also fairly large.

The most important rivers are the Indus, Chenab, Jehlum and Ravi.

1

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1f/Jammu.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_helphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jammu.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_(city)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaishno_Devihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu#cite_note-3http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1f/Jammu.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_helphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jammu.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_(city)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaishno_Devihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu#cite_note-3

8/6/2019 Jam Mu

2/18

2. HISTORY OF JAMMU

Many historians and locals believe that Jammu was founded by Raja Jambu Lochan in the 14th centuryBC. During one of his hunting campaigns, he reached the Tawi Riverwhere he saw a goat and a lion

drinking water at the same place. Having satisfied their thirst, the animals went their own ways. The

Raja was amazed, abandoned the idea of hunting and returned to his companions. Recounting what he

had seen, he exclaimed that this place, where a lion and a lamb could drink water side by side, was aplace of peace and tranquility. The Raja commanded that a palace be built at this place and a city was

founded around it. This city became known asJambu-Nagar, which then later changed intoJammu.Jambu Lochan was the brother of Raja Bahu Lochan who constructed a fort on the bank of river Tawi.Bahu Fort is a historical place in Jammu.

The city name figures in the ancient bookMahabharata. Excavation nearAkhnoor, 20 miles (32 km)

from Jammu city, provides evidence that Jammu was once part of the Harappan civilization.

Remains from the Maurya, Kushan, Kushanshahs and Gupta periods have also been found in Jammu.After 480 AD the area was dominated by the Hephthalites and ruled from Kapisa and Kabul. They

were succeeded by the Kushano-Hephthalite dynasty from 565 to 670 AD, then by the Shahi from 670

to the early 11th century, when the Shahi were destroyed by the Ghaznavids.

Jammu is also mentioned in accounts of the campaigns ofTimur. The area witnessed changes ofcontrol following invasions by Mughals and Sikhs, before finally falling under the control of the

British. Upon the Partition of India, it became part of India following the Kashmir war.

Once a seat of the Dogra Rajput dynasty, Jammu came under the control ofMaharaja Ranjit Singh Ji in

the 19 century and became a part of the Sikh Empire. Maharaja Ranjit Singh soon appointed GulabSingh Ji the ruler of Jammu. After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Punjab, The Sikh Empire was

defeated by the British afterMaharaja Duleep Singh was taken by the British to England under the

orders of The Company. Not having the resources to occupy the hills immediately after annexing partsof Punjab, the British recognized Maharaja Gulab Singh, the strongest ruler north of the Sutlej River,

as ruler ofJammu and Kashmir. But for this he had to pay a sum of Rs. 75 Lakhs in cashthispayment being legal as the Maharaja was a former vassal of the Sikh Empire and was partly

responsible for its treaty obligations. Maharaja Gulab Singh is thus credited as the founder of Jammuand Kashmir.

During the partition of India the ruler was Maharaja Hari Singh and he along with all the other princes

was given the choice according to the instruments of partition of India in 1947, to freely accede toeither India or Pakistan, or to remain independent. the princes were however advised to accede to the

contiguous dominion, taking into consideration the geographical and ethnic issues.

3. GOVERNMENT

Governor of Jammu and Kashmir: Mr. N. N. Vohra

Chief Minister of Jammu & Kashmir: Mr. Omar Abdullah

2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century_BChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century_BChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawi_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahu_Forthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhnoorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harappanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauryahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushanshahshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hephthaliteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushano-Hephthalitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznavidshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Kashmir_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dograhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranjit_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulab_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulab_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharaja_Duleep_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharaja_Gulab_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutlejhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century_BChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century_BChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawi_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahu_Forthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhnoorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harappanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauryahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushanshahshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hephthaliteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushano-Hephthalitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznavidshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Kashmir_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dograhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranjit_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulab_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulab_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharaja_Duleep_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharaja_Gulab_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutlejhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir

8/6/2019 Jam Mu

3/18

4. GEOGRAPHY

Strategically located Jammu and Kashmir Stateconstitutes the northern most extremity of

India.

Situated between 32.17 degree and 36.58

degree north latitude and 37.26 degree and80.30 degree east longitude, the total area of the

State is 22,22,236 sq. kms including 78114 sq

kms under the illegal occupation of Pakistanand 42,685 sq kms under that of China, of

which Pakistan illegally handed over 5130 sq

kms to China. The State is bounded byPakistan, Afghanistan and China from the West

to the East.

The State is well connected with rest of the country by air, rail and road . The Indian Airlines and

private airlines operate regular flights to Srinagar, Jammu and Leh.

The National Highway 1-A connects the capital cities of Srinagar and Jammu with rest of the country.

There are daily passenger trains connecting Jammu with most of the major cities of the country.

The State ranks 6th in area and 17th in population among the States and Union Territories of India. TheState consists of 14 districts, 59 tehsils, 119 blocks, 3 municipalities, 54 towns and notified area

committee, 6477 inhabited villages and 281 uninhabited villages.

3

8/6/2019 Jam Mu

4/18

It has fourgeographical zones of

1. Sub-mountain and semi-mountain plain known as kandi or dry belt,2. The Shivalak ranges,

3. The high mountain zone constituting the Kashmir Valley, Pir Panchal range and its off-shootsincluding Doda, Poonch and Rajouri districts and part of Kathua and Udhampur districts

4. The middle run of the Indus river comprising Leh and Kargil.

There is a sharp rise of altitude from 1000 feet to 28250 feet above the sea level within States four

degree of latitude.

Jammu is separated from Kashmir by Pir Panjal mountain range.

Jammu borders Kashmirto the north, Ladakh to the east, and Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to thesouth. In the west, the Line of Control separates Jammu from the Pakistan region called Azad Jammu

and Kashmir. Sandwiched between the Vale of Kashmirto the north and the Daman Koh Plains to thesouth, the Shivalik Range comprises most of the region of Jammu. The Pir Panjal Range, the TrikutaHills and the low-lying Tawi Riverbasin add beauty and diversity to the terrain of Jammu. The Pir

Panjal range separates Jammu from the Kashmir valley.

The people of Jammu are called Dogra's and they speak the Dogri language

4.1 Climate

The State of Jammu and Kashmir is the northern most state of India comprising three distinct

Climatic regions viz. Arctic cold desert areas of Ladakh, temperate Kashmir valley and sub-tropical

region of Jammu.

Jammu and Kashmir enjoys an enchanting climate for the major part of the year. There are four distinct

seasons - spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Till the end of May, the climate of Kashmir iscomparable with that of Switzerland.

In spring, Jammu and Kashmir the valley wears a blanket of emerald green grass and is decked withflowers of various hues and fresh leaves. Summer sees the sleepy blue mountains with snow-capped

peaks, clear streams, cool bubbling springs, noisy torrents, beautiful lakes, shady chinar groves,

drooping willows, and pine forests. In autumn, the trees and forests turn into bronze and copper colors,

and the foliage becomes a riot of golden yellow and green. In winter, the giant size trees wear a bare

look when the landscape dons a mantle of snow.

The climate varies from tropical in Jammu plains to semi-arctic cold in Ladakh with Kashmir and

Jammu mountainous tracts having temperate climatic conditions. The annual rainfall also varies fromregion to region with 92.6 mm in Leh, 650.5 mm in Srinagar and 1115.9 mm in Jammu. A large part of

the State forms part of the Himalayan mountains. The State is geologically constituted of rocks varying

from the oldest period of the earths history to the youngest present day river and lake deposits.

4

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir_Panjalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladakhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_of_Controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vale_of_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivalik_Rangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir_Panjal_Rangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawi_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir_Panjalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladakhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_of_Controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vale_of_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivalik_Rangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir_Panjal_Rangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawi_River

8/6/2019 Jam Mu

5/18

8/6/2019 Jam Mu

6/18

6. DEMOGRAPHICS

Ethnically, Jammu is largely Dogra, which group constitutes approximately 67% of the population.

There is also a sizable population ofPunjabi descent, most of them being Hindus and Sikhs.

Jammu is the only region in the state of Jammu and Kashmir that has a Hindu majority population -65% of Jammu's population practice Hinduism, 30% practice Islam and most of the remainder are

Sikhs.[citation needed] Most of Jammu's Hindus are Dogras, Kashmiri Pandits, migrants from Kotli and

Mirpurand Punjabi Hindus.[citation needed] Many Sikhs are migrants from Pakistani Controlled Kashmir

(from areas like Muzaffarabad and Punch sector areas occupied by Pakistan during 1947).[citation needed]

People of Jammu speak mostly Dogri, Poonchi, Gojri, Kotli,Mirpuri, Hindi, Punjabi, and Urdu.[citation

needed]

Hindus of Jammu region are subdivided into various ethnic groups, and of them Brahmins and Rajputsare the predominant ones. According to the 1941 census, 30% of them were Brahmin, 27% Rajput,15% Thakkar, 4% Jat and 8% Khatri.[5]

7. DISTRICTS

Tawi river side of Jammu City, by Paul La Porte

Jammu Division consists of ten districts:

Doda

Jammu

Kathua Kishtwar

Poonch

Rajouri

Reasi

Ramban

Samba

Udhampur

6

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirpurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism_in_Punjabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffarabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poonch_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirpurihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahminhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahminhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thakkarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doda_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathua_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kishtwar_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poonch_District_(J%26K)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajouri_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasi_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramban_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udhampur_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GrandView.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirpurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism_in_Punjabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffarabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poonch_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirpurihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahminhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahminhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thakkarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doda_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathua_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kishtwar_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poonch_District_(J%26K)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajouri_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasi_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramban_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udhampur_District

8/6/2019 Jam Mu

7/18

8. PLACES OF INTEREST

Jammu is known for its landscape, ancient temples,Hindu shrines,Amar Mahal Palace (a castle type)

now a Museum,gardens and forts.Hinduholy shrines ofAmarnath and Vaishno Devi attracts tens ofthousands of Hindu devotees every year. Jammu's beautiful natural landscape has made it one of the

most favoured destinations for adventure tourism [6][6] inSouth Asia. Jammu's historic monuments

feature a unique blend of Islamic and Hinduarchitecture styles.

8.1 Purmandal

Purmandal, also known as Chhota Kashi, is located 35 km from Jammu city. An ancient holy place, it

has several temples ofShivaand other deities. On Shivratri, the town wears a festive look and for threedays as people celebrate the marriage of Lord Shiva to GoddessParvati.

8.2 Vaishno Devi shrine

The Holy Shrine of Vashno Devi

The Vaishno Devi shrine attracts millions of Hindu devotees every year

The town ofKatra, which is close to Jammu, contains the Vaishno Devi shrine. Nestling on top of the

Trikuta Hills at a height of 1700 m is the sacred cave shrine of Vaishno Devi, the mothergoddess. At a

distance of 48 km from Jammu, the cave is 30 m long and just 1.5 m high. At the end of the cave are

shrines dedicated to the three forms of the mother goddessMahakali,Mahalakshmi andMahasarasvati. Pilgrims start trekking to the cave temple, which is 13 km from Katra, enter in small

groups through a narrow opening and walk through ice-cold waters to reach the shrines. According to

legend, the mother goddess hid in the cave while escaping a demon whom she ultimately killed.

8.3 Nandini Wildlife Sanctuary

Nandini Wildlife Sanctuary, called and best known for wonderful species of pheasants, has been

established in an area of thick forests teeming with wild life. It is renowned natural habitat for a

significant population of pheasants. Among the other avifauna are Indian mynah, Blue Rock Pigeon,Indian Peafowl, Red Junglefowl,Cheer Pheasant and chakor.

7

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar_Mahal_Palacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar_Mahal_Palacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarnathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarnathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu#cite_note-bhaderwah.com-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivratrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivratrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvatihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvatihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaishno_Devi_shrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trikuta_Hills&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goddesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahakalihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahalakshmihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvatihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_mynahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Rock_Pigeonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Peafowlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Junglefowlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheer_Pheasanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar_Mahal_Palacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarnathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu#cite_note-bhaderwah.com-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu#cite_note-bhaderwah.com-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivratrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvatihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaishno_Devi_shrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trikuta_Hills&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goddesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahakalihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahalakshmihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvatihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_mynahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Rock_Pigeonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Peafowlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Junglefowlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheer_Pheasanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakor

8/6/2019 Jam Mu

8/18

Spread over an area of 34 km2, the sanctuary is rich in fauna and provides refuge to a wide variety of

mammals. The main species are leopard,wild boar, rhesus monkey,bharal and grey langur.

8.4 Manasbal lake

Mansar Lake

Situated 62 km from Jammu, Mansar Lake is a beautiful lake fringed by forest-covered hills, over a

mile in length by half-a-mile in width. 341454.35N 74403.43E / 34.2484306N 74.6676194EBesides being a popular excursion destination in Jammu, it is also a holy site, sharing the legend and

sanctity ofLake Mansarovar.

On the eastern bank of Mansar Lake there is a shrine dedicated to Sheshnag, a mythological snake with

six heads. The shrine comprises a big boulder on which are placed a number of iron chains perhapsrepresenting the small serpents waiting on the tutelary deity of the Sheshnag. Newlyweds consider it

auspicious to perform three circumambulations (Parikarma) around the lake to seek the blessings of

Sheshnag.

Two ancient temples of Umapati Mahadev and Narsimha and a temple of Durga are situated in thevicinity of the Mansar Lake, which are visited by devotees in large numbers. People take a holy dip in

the water of the lake on festive occasions. Certain communities of Hindus perform the Mundan

ceremony (first hair cut) of their male children here.

Mansar Lake also has boating facilities provided by the Tourism Department. which is not fully

maintained by the tourism department and no one likes to visit this place.

With all religions belief and heritage behind the Mansar Lake is also picking up its fame among the

tourists with all its flora and fauna. The lake has cemented path all around with required illumination,

with projected view decks to observe seasonal birds, tortoise and fishes of different species. There is awild life sanctuary housing jungle life including Spotted Deer and Neelgai and water birds such as

Cranes and Ducks. One can also witness the traditional and typical distinct life style ofGujjarand

Backarwals wearing ethnic costumes, living in open Kullhas in the hills around Mansar Lake.

The Mansar Lake road joins to another important road that directly links Pathankot to Udhampur.

Udhampur is a town of strategic importance, on National Highway No. 1A. The shortcut road from

Mansar or Samba to Udhampur by-pass the Jammu town. Surinsar Lake, a smaller lake that is linked toMansar, is 24 km from Jammu via the by-pass road.

8

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_boarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhesus_monkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_langurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansar_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakehttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Jammu&params=34_14_54.35_N_74_40_3.43_E_http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Mansarovarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheshnaghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faunahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortoisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujjarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathankothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udhampurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manasbal.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_boarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhesus_monkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_langurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansar_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakehttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Jammu&params=34_14_54.35_N_74_40_3.43_E_http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Mansarovarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheshnaghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faunahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortoisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujjarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathankothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udhampur

8/6/2019 Jam Mu

9/18

8.5 Bahu Fort

Bahu Fort, which also serves as a religious temple, is situated about 5 km from Jammu city on a rock

face on the left bank of the river Tawi. This is perhaps the oldest fort and edifice in Jammu city.Constructed originally by Raja Bahulochan over 300 years ago, the fort was improved and rebuilt by

Dogra rulers. Inside the fort, there is a temple dedicated to the Goddess Kali, popularly known asBaveWali Mata, the presiding deity of Jammu. Every Tuesday and Sunday pilgrims throng this temple andpartake in "Tawi flowing worship". Today the fort is surrounded with a beautiful terraced garden

which is a favourite picnic spot of the city folk.

Bagh-E-Bahu located on the banks of Tawi river, is a Mughal-age garden. It gives a nice view of the

old city and Tawi river. Bagh itself is very beautiful. There is a small cafeteria on one side of thegarden.

On the by-pass road behind Bahu Fort, the city forest surrounds the ancient Mahamaya Temple

overlooking the river Tawi. A small garden surrounded by acres of woods provides a commanding

view of the city.

Opposite the Bahu Fort, overlooking the RiverTawi is a temple dedicated to Mahamaya of Dogra

decent, who lost her life fourteen centuries ago fighting foreign invaders. The present temple of BaweyWali Mata was built shortly after the coronation ofMaharaja Gulab Singh, in 1822. It is also known as

the temple ofMahakali and the goddess is considered second only to Mata Vaishno Devi in terms ofmystical power.

8.6 Raghunath Temple

Amongst the temples in Jammu, the Raghunath Templetakes pride of place being situated right in

the heart of the city. This temple is situated at the city center and was built in 1857. Work on thetemple was started by Maharaja Gulab Singh, founder of the Kingdom of Jammu and Kashmir, in 1835

AD and was completed by his son Maharaja Ranbir Singh in 1860 AD. The inner walls of the main

temple are covered with gold sheet on three sides. There are many galleries with lakhs ofsaligrams.The surrounding Temples are dedicated to various Gods and Goddesses connected with the epicRamayana. This temple consists of seven shrines, each with a tower of its own. It is the largest temple

complex in northern India. Though 130 years old, the complex is remarkable for sacred scriptures, one

of the richest collections of ancient texts and manuscripts in its library. Its arches, surface and nichesare undoubtedly influenced by Mughal architecture while the interiors of the temple are plated with

gold. The main sanctuary is dedicated to Lord Vishnu's eighth incarnation and Dogras' patron deity, the

Rama. It also houses a Sanskrit Library containing rare Sanskrit manuscripts.

8.7 Peer Kho Cave

9

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahu_Forthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picnichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawi_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharaja_Gulab_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahakalihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raghunath_Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raghunath_Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulab_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranbir_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saligramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahu_Forthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picnichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawi_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharaja_Gulab_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahakalihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raghunath_Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulab_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranbir_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saligramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit

8/6/2019 Jam Mu

10/18

Alongside the same Tawi river are the Peer Kho Cave temple, the Panchbakhtar temple and the

Ranbireshwar temple dedicated to Lord Shiva with their own legends and specific days of worship.Peer Kho cave is located on the bank of river Tawi and it is widely believed that Ramayan character

Jamvant (the bear god) meditated in this cave. The Ranbireshwar Temple has twelve Shiva lingams of

crystal measuring 12" to 18" and galleries with thousands ofsaligrams fixed on stone slabs. Locatedon the ShalimarRoad near the New Secretariat, and built by Maharaja Ranbir Singh in 1883 AD. It has

one central lingam measuring seven and a half feet height (2.3 m) and twelve Shiva lingams of crystal

measuring from 15 cm to 38 cm and galleries with thousands of Shiva lingams fixed on stone slabs.

8.8 Shivkhori

The cave shrine ofShivkhori, situated in District Reasi of Jammu and Kashmir state, depicts thenatural formation of shivlingum. It is one of the most venerated cave shrines of Lord Shiva in the

region. The Holy cave is more than 150 mts long & houses 4 feet high Svayambhu Lingum, which

constantly baths in a milky lime fluid dripping from the ceiling. The cave is full of natural impressionand images of various Hindu Deities and full of divine feelings. That is why Shivkhori is known as

"Home of Gods". The route from Jammu to Shiv Khori is full of beautiful and picturesque mountains,

waterfalls and lakes.

8.9 City Centers and Attractions

One of the major attractions of Jammu, it is a revolving restaurant namedFalaklocated on the top ofthe hotel KC Residency. Ragunath Bazar is the main tourist and shopping center of the city. The

locality of Gandhi Nagar, hosts the market areas of Gole Market, Apsara Road. On any pleasant

evening you can take a stroll in Green Belt Park alongside the magnificent bungalows that adorn GreenBelt Road. Rajinder Park, which is located on Canal Road, is a new development. This park is situated

between two canals and features a large fountain which is lit up at night. A Children's Area is located

next to the park.

The city has finally got its own shopping mall called "City Square". The mall has all the latest brandsand accessories all under one roof,and an excellent food court. Also a beautiful complex and a new age

commercial hub by the name of Bahu-Plaza in Trikuta Nagar area is a major hang out spot for

youngsters and young professionals. Most of the corporate sector & all the Mobile Phone companieslike Airtel, BSNL,Vodafone, Aircel,Reliance and Tata Indicom are based in Bahu Plaza complex.

After opening up of the K.C. Cineplex, the first multiplex in the city, the city has also got another

multiplex in the form of the old Indira theater being converted to K.C. Central.

Jammu is known for its Chocolate Barfi, Sundpanjeeri,Patisa and its exotic local food - Rajma (withrice) is one of the specialty dishes of Jammu.

10

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peer_Kho_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panchbakhtar_temple&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ranbireshwar_temple&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambavanthahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingamshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalimarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranbir_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSNLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Indicomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barfihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjeerihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peer_Kho_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panchbakhtar_temple&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ranbireshwar_temple&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambavanthahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingamshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalimarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranbir_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSNLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Indicomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barfihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjeerihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajma

8/6/2019 Jam Mu

11/18

9. FESTIVALS OF JAMMU

9.1 Lohri (13 January)

This festival heralds the onset of spring and is also known as Makar Sankranti. The whole region wearsa festive look on this day.

Thousands take a dip in the holy river, calledHavan Yagnas, and candles light up nearly every house

and temple in Jammu. In the rural areas, it is customary for young boys to go around asking for gifts

from newly-weds and parents of new-borns.

A special dance called the Chajja is held on the occasion ofLohri. It makes a striking picture to see

boys along with their 'Chajjas' elaborately decorated with coloured paper and flowers dance on thestreet in a procession. The whole atmosphere of Jammu comes alive with pulsating drumbeats.

9.2 Baisakhi (April 13 or 14)

The name Baisakhi is taken from the first month of the Vikram calendar. Every year, on the first day ofVaisakh, the people of Jammu, celebrate Baisakhi. Also known as the "harvest festival" it is considered

auspicious especially for marriages. Devotees who take a ritual dip every year, throng the rivers, canals

and ponds. Many people go to the Nagbani temple to witness the grand New Year celebration.

The occasion is marked by numerous fairs and people come in thousands to celebrate the beginning of

the New Year and watch the Bhangra dance ofPunjab. For the Sikhs of Jammu, Baisakhi is the daytheir tenth guru, Guru Gobind Singh, formed the Khalsa sect in 1699. The Gurdwaras are full of people

who come to listen to kirtans, offer prayers and feast on the prasad from the common kitchen('langar').

9.3 Bahu Mela (March-April and September-October)

A major festival is held at the Kali Temple in Bahu Fort twice a year.

9.4 Chaitre Chaudash (March-April)

11

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makar_Sankrantihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baisakhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikram_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaisakhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baisakhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhangrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalsahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurdwarashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahu_Forthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makar_Sankrantihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baisakhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikram_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaisakhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baisakhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhangrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalsahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurdwarashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahu_Fort

8/6/2019 Jam Mu

12/18

Chaitre Chaudash is celebrated at Uttar Behni and Purmandal, about 25 km and 28 from Jammu

respectively. Uttar Behni gets its name from the fact that the Devak river (locally also known as GuptGanga) flows here in the northerly direction.

9.5 Purmandal Mela (February-March)

Purmandal is 39 km from Jammu city. On Shivratri the town wears a festive look for three days as

people celebrate the marriage of Lord Shiva to Goddess Parvati. The people of Jammu also come out

in their colourful best to celebrate Shivratri at Peer Khoh Cave Temple, the Ranbireshwar Temple andthe Panjbhaktar Temple. In fact, if one visits Jammu during Shivratri, one finds a celebration going on

almost everywhere.

9.6 Jhiri Mela (October-November)

An annual fair is held in the name of Baba Jitu, a simple and honest farmer who preferred to killhimself rather than submit to the unjust demands of the local landlord to part with his crop. He killed

himself in the village ofJhiri, 14 km from Jammu. A legend has grown around the Baba and his

followers congregate at Jhiri on the appointed day from every corner of North India; they revere himfor his compassion, courage and honesty.

9.7 Navratri Festival (Sept-Oct)

Though the yatra to the shrine of Mata Vaishno Devi is a round-the-year event, a pilgrimage

undertaken during theNavratras is considered the most auspicious. In order to showcase and highlight

the regional culture, heritage and traditions of the area during this period, the State TourismDepartment has instituted the Navratri Festival as an annual event to be held during

September/October for the nine auspicious days of the Navratras. A large number of tourists pay their

obeisance to the deity during this period. This festival showcases the religious traditions as well as the

popular culture of the region among the millions ofpilgrims who visit the Vaishnodeviji Shrine duringthis period.

9.8 Urs (all year round)

The Urs (orziarats) is a typical Kashmiri festival. The Urs are held annually at the shrines of Muslim

saints on their death anniversaries. There is a saying " It snows when the Urs of Meesha Sahib is held,it is windy when the Urs of Batamol Sahib takes place, it rains on the occasion of the Urs of

Bahauddin". The Urs festivals are popular despite the rigours of weather.

12

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivratrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvatihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivratrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jhiri&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yatrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navratrashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auspicioushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Heritagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaishnodevihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivratrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvatihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivratrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jhiri&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yatrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navratrashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auspicioushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Heritagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaishnodevihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urs

8/6/2019 Jam Mu

13/18

10. HANDICRAFT AND TEXTILES

10.1 Carpet

A Carpet is a life long investment-it may well be the single most expensive purchase during your trip

to Kashmir. Kashmiri carpets are world renowned for two things- they are hand made and they

are always knotted, never tufted. It is extremely instructive to watch a carpet being made- yourdealer can probably arrange it for you. Stretched tightly on a frame is the warp of Carpet. The

weft threads are passed through, the talim or design and color specifications are then worked

out on this: a strand of yarn is looped through the warp & weft, knotted and then cut. The yarn

used normally is silk, wool or silk and wool. Woolen carpets always have a cotton base (Warp &Weft), silk usually have cotton base.Sometimes however, the base is also silk in which case you

will see that the fringe is silk; the cost increases proportionately. Occasionally, carpets are made

on a cotton base, mainly of woolen pile with silk yarn used as highlights on certain motifs

10.2 Namdas

Far less expensive are these colorful floor coverings made from woolen and cotton fiber which has

been manually pressed into shape. Prices vary with the percentage of wool- a Namda containing 80%

wool being more expensive than one containing 20% wool. Chain stitch embroidery in woolen andcotton thread is worked on these rugs.

10.3 Papier Mache

At first glance, all Papier Mache` objects look roughly the same, and the price differential seems

almost unreasonable. However, besides at least three different grades of Papier` Mache`, some is

actually cardboard or wood! The idea, however, is not to hood-wink the unwary, but to provide acheaper product for someone who wants the look of Papier Mache` .

13

8/6/2019 Jam Mu

14/18

11. EDUCATION

University of Jammu

Government College of Engineering & Technology, Jammu

Maharaja Harisingh Agri Collegiate School

G.G.M. Science College,Jammu Government Medical College and Hospital, Jammu.

Model Institute of Engineering and Technology (M.I.E.T), Kot Bhalwal, Jammu

Mahant Bachittar Singh college Of Engineering & Technology (MBSCET) Baliana, Jammu

I.C.E.S. College of Engineering & Technology

Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences & Hospital Sri Pratap Memorial Rajput College of Commerce, B.B.A, B.C.A.

Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology - Jammu

Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R.S.Pura

Sainik School Nagrota

12. CULTURE

Jammuand Kashmir or J&K has the distinctiveness of having multihued, motley of unique cultural

blend, differentiating it from the rest of the country. Jammu & Kashmir is not only different in cultural

forms and heritage, but also different in geographical, demographically, ethical and social entities from

other parts of the country. The state is accurately shaped into a spectrum of variance and variation

Clearly visible in the distinct parts - Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh, all yielding diverse religion,language and culture, but constantly interfusing, making it sparkling specimens of Indian unity in

diversity. The various cultural forms like art & architecture, fairs & festivals, rites & rituals, seers &

sagas, languages and landscapes, mounted on the ageless era of history, speaks aloud of uniformity anddiversity with matchless cultural symmetry & service.

14

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Jammuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCET_Jammuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharaja_Harisingh_Agri_Collegiate_Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G.G.M._Science_College,Jammu&action=edit&redlink=1http://www.ladakh-kashmir.com/cities-jammu-kashmir/jammu.htmlhttp://www.ladakh-kashmir.com/cities-jammu-kashmir/jammu.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Jammuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCET_Jammuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharaja_Harisingh_Agri_Collegiate_Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G.G.M._Science_College,Jammu&action=edit&redlink=1http://www.ladakh-kashmir.com/cities-jammu-kashmir/jammu.html

8/6/2019 Jam Mu

15/18

Kashmir has been the highest learning point of Sanskrit and Persian where early Indo-Aryanic

civilization has originated and flourished. Ladakh on the other side, has been the highest living centreof Tantrayan Buddhism. Similarly Jammu, has been the axis of Rajas and Maharajas, who have

enriched the cultural, historical and social bonds of all these diverse ethnic and linguistic sections of

the state. The ancient archeological monuments and remnants of the past are the true picture of the richcultural traditions of the state.

Kashmir is justly said to be the Nature's grand finale of beauty. In this masterpiece of earth's creation

seasons in strong individuality vie with one another in putting up exquisite patterns of charm andloveliness. Nature has left an indelible mark on the folk performances of Kashmir as they are

intimately interlined with the moods and movements of the seasons.

Book a tour to Kashmir

Jammu the land of the Dogras, offer an entirely different fare of dances and music. Over the centuries

long spell of seperation from their soldier, husbands and brothers have led the hardy but gracefulwomen of the Duggar to evolve many diverting dances and songs to keep themselves in cheer in their

free moments. The songs of seperation the ever increasing yearning for reunion with the beloved, the

hard life on the mountain slopes and various other themes connected with their day-to-day life findtheir echo in folk songs and dances.

12.1 Music

Kashmiri Sufiyana Music

Jeenda-Ji (Pahari Lok Geet)

Kukoo (Pahari Lok Geet)

Succhi bee dinna moiye poori bee dinna (Dogri Lok Geet)

Jak Nang Skarma (Ladakhi Folk Song)

Qainchi (Darshi Ka Ban Maan) (Gojri Folk Song)

Gojri Music Kashmiri music on santoor

12.2 Kashmir Cuisine

Cuisine-I-Lazeez

Kashmir, the land of fruits and nuts is also famous for its well known

for flavorsome Kashmiri Cuisines, more for the non-vegetarian dishes.

Traditional Kashmiri form of cooking is known as Wazhawan andconsists of mostly non-vegetarian dishes. Kashmir serves the choicest

selection of vegetarian and non vegetarian food in multiple flavors to

suit every pocket. Multihued restaurants are available all along themajor spots of Kashmir. The rich and aromatic flavor of the foods

suites all the tastes and tongues unique to Kashmiri cuisine. Most Kashmiris including the Brahmins

(Kashmiri Pandits) are meat eaters.

The foodstuff of the state is characterised by three different styles of cooking the Kashmiri Pandit, the

Muslims and the Rajput styles. Though they eat meat, surprisingly, many traditional Kashmiri Panditsdon't include garlic and onion to their cooking.

One of the distinct characteristics of Kashmiri cuisine is the use of curds in the cooking, giving the

15

http://www.ladakh-kashmir.com/kashmir-tour-booking.html?tour=Kashmirhttp://www.ladakh-kashmir.com/kashmir-tour-booking.html?tour=Kashmir

8/6/2019 Jam Mu

16/18

dishes a creamy consistency. Kashmiris also use asafoetida (Hing) to add flavour to their meat dishes.

Saunf (aniseed) and dry ginger are other additive spices used tastefully to enhance the taste of the

cuisines. For example some dishes become pungent not because of the use of chillies, but because of

dry gingers.

Book a tour to Kashmir

Few other dishes have no spice except a little saunf added to them for flavour. Being the home ofsaffron, the colourful flavouring agent is used in the pulaos and sweets.

Dry fruits are often used in the Kashmiri curries. Walnuts, almonds and raisins are also added to the

curries. Ghee is the medium of cooking, probably because the fat is required to impart heat to the body,though mustard oil is also used.

Some of the better known dishes are yakhni, tabaq naat, which is an exotic dish made of fried ribs anddecorated with silver varq, dum aloo, rogan josh, gaustaba which is a light meatball, haleem which is

meat pounded with wheat, etc

Kashmir has developed its own specialties in cooking - its cuisine is unique. Locally grown varieties of

rice are sweetly fragrant and very light. All the dishes are built around the main course of rice. Thedelicious saag, is made from thick-leafed green leafy vegetable called 'hak' that grows throughout the

year. Lotus root is also an important produce for boat dwelling people and makes a very good

substitute for meat.

Fresh vegetables are used in season. Morel mushrooms called as

'guhchi' are harvested and consumed fresh in summer. They areexpensive therefore used only for specific occasions such as religious

and wedding feasts. Their hearty flavor enlivens pilafs and other

meatless dishes. Corn bread is an alternative for rice.

The tea in Kashmir is not the one taken by most Indians; rather it is spice scented green tea called

"kahava" poured from a samovar, a large metal kettle.

Streams and lakes have influenced the Kashmiri cuisine. Fresh fish is a favorite. Myriad meat dishes

are served during the traditional feasts. Lamb and poultry are served as accompaniments. Smokedmeat, dried fish and vegetables are stored for use in winter.

A special masala 'cake' is made from spice-blends, onions and locally grown chilies that can be stored

for longer period of time and used in flavoring curries. Sauces are made from dairy rich products.

Kashmiri fare is also influenced by the mughal cooking. The fruits and nuts grown from the valley areused lavishly in daily menus.

16

http://www.ladakh-kashmir.com/kashmir-tour-booking.html?tour=Kashmirhttp://www.ladakh-kashmir.com/kashmir-tour-booking.html?tour=Kashmir

8/6/2019 Jam Mu

17/18

8/6/2019 Jam Mu

18/18

Rajouri

Doda Jammu

Anantnag

Budgam

Baramulla Rajouri

Udhampur

The % of the killing has decreased in the last few years. Though lots more need to be done, the policies

of the Indian Government and the hard-work done by the India defence system is noteworthy to retain

and restore the peace in the valley.

18

http://www.ladakh-kashmir.com/cities-jammu-kashmir/jammu.htmlhttp://www.ladakh-kashmir.com/cities-jammu-kashmir/udhampur-india.htmlhttp://www.ladakh-kashmir.com/cities-jammu-kashmir/jammu.htmlhttp://www.ladakh-kashmir.com/cities-jammu-kashmir/udhampur-india.html