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Transcript of JAL Water for Life BPlan
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JAL - Water for Life!Water Solutions to change lives of millions
Jane Miller
Kyriakos Anastasopoulos
Himanshu Chandra
Priya Sharma
Parth Vora
Krishna Uppuluri
Devanik Saha
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T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S
1.0 Executive Summary
Mission
Objectives
2.0 Team Member Profiles and Qualifications
Outline of team member backgrounds
3.0 Design Process
4.0 Background
5.0 Market Analysis Summary
Market DemographicsMarket Segmentation Strategy
6.0 JAL
Desalination
Distribution
Organizational Structure
7.0 Strategy and Implementation
8.0 Competitive Analysis
Tanker trucks
Government taps
Reverse Osmosis SystemsTata Swach Filter
9.0 Threats
Inability to pay
Community acceptance
10.0 Opportunities
Expansion
Community Municipality
Appendices
Appendix-A Financial PlanAppendix-B Research
Appendix-C Cost & Quotes
Appendix-D Technical DesignAppendix-E Technical Calculations
Many say that water is not justmade up of two hydrogen atomsand one oxygen atom but it hassomething magical in it thathas led to the existence ofhuman life on Earth.JAL IS HERE TO PROVIDE
THIS MAGIC IN ITS PUREST
FORM
Special Acknowledgements
Acara Challenge Managers
Raman Shrivastava
Sharath Mulamalla
Anilkumar Ramsesh
Team Mentors
Rajeevnath VVarun Gupta
Amy Sprague
Faculty
Linda Pulik
Karthikeyan S
Raed Elaydi
Acara Institute
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1 JAL Water for Life
COMPANY OVERVIEW
JAL is a water purification and
distribution company that uses a single
basin solar still along with a basic UV
system to desalinate and purify 100,000
liters of water a day. The company looks
to address the issues of the supply of
unhygienic water to rural communities,
and affordability to the local consumer.By addressing these issues JAL will make
it feasible for even the most impoverished
to receive clean water. JAL has a two part
mission; to provide economical and
sustainable high quality drinking water
with a hassle free distribution system; and
in the long run, to unite and develop
communities using a predetermined
framework model to promote
community empowerment resulting in
a self sustainable community ecosystem.
JAL will achieve its mission through the
implementation of a three phase ten year
strategy over the course of which the
community will obtain full ownership of
the company resulting in the creation of a
community based enterprise.
PRODUCTS/SERVICES
JAL incorporates both products and
services into its business model. JALs
services include the purification and
delivery of water to both villagers and
local businesses, while JALs product is a
simple water dispensing unit created to
avoid sanitation issues in the exchange of
the water bottles. The unit will be given
to the customer at the beginning in
exchange for a subscription fee.
TARGET MARKET
Each JAL purification system will supply
water to roughly 2200 homes as well as
200 local businesses allowing in a daily
return of approximately INR 31,000
(USD 700). At first JAL's target area will
consist of local businesses and
households in and around the rural areas
of Vellore, (in Tamil Nadu). As the
company further establishes itself it will
then expand to other areas in India.
e best way to
derstand people islistening to them -
is is something we
ok to heart when we
arted JAL now lets
ten to what people
ve to say about us!
can see that this project
n bring substantial social
ange in the Indian rural
tor and it would give
gh competition to the
sting commercial
ppliers too. I would be
d to extend any kind of
p if required."
R. SATISH CHANDRA
A.S.
nt Secretary
nistry of Chemicals &
rtilizers
partment of Fertilizers
vernment of India
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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3 JAL Water for Life
MISSION
JAL has a two part mission:
To provide economical and sustainable high
quality drinking water with a hassle free
distribution system.
To unite and develop communities using a
predetermined framework model focusing on the
promotion of community empowerment, resulting
in a self sustainable community ecosystem.
OBJECTIVES
Primary:
Water Purification, Community Development
Secondary:
Health, Community Empowerment,
Development of a Sustainable Framework
2. TEAM MEMBER
PROFILES
Team JAL is comprised of students from
the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA and the
Vellore Institute of Technology at Vellore, India,
studying various disciplines including business,
design, and engineering. Due to the diverse
expertise within the team, JAL has been able to
develop a dynamic and informed solution to the
current water crisis.
Name Qualifications Areas of Expertise
Jane MillerBackground in Industrial Design
UIC Chicago, USA.
Design Process & Human
Resource Management
Kyriakos Anastasopoulos
Bachelors in Finance
Minor in Entrepreneurship
UIC Chicago, USA.
Technical Design & Human
Resource Management
Himanshu Chandra
Bachelors in Electronics &
Communication Engineering
VIT University, Vellore, India.
Technical Design &
Strategic Management
Priya Sharma
Bachelors in Bio Medical
EngineeringVIT University, Vellore, India.
Technical Design & CommunityBehavioral Research
Parth Vora
Bachelors in Mechanical
Engineering
VIT University, Vellore, India.
Thermodynamic Heat Exchange
Systems
Project Management
Krishna Uppuluri
Bachelors in Chemical
Engineering
VIT University, Vellore, India.
Process Design and Chemical
Processes
Devanik Saha
Bachelors in Electronics &
Communication Engineering
VIT University, Vellore, India.
Electrical Technology and
Marketing
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3 JAL Water for Life
3. DESIGN PROCESS
The challenges of working in a multi-
discipline multi-country partnership were overcome
through successful communication between team
members. By striving to understand differences in
culture and education practices as well as establishing
regular communication, we were able to work
together in an efficient and cohesive manner. A team
protocol was agreed upon in the beginning to establish
expectations and ensure that all team members
understood what their contribution would be. The VIT
students made multiple field visits and conveyed the
information they gathered through photos, videos, and
written descriptions in order to inform their teammates
in Chicago of the current conditions in Tamil Nadu.
Often, this information was also communicated
through video conferencing between the teammates.
By gaining a comprehensive perspective of the
problem existing in the area we were able to formulate
an effective solution.
4. BACKGROUND
Tamil Nadu is the seventh most populous state and the
fifth largest contributor to the GDP of India. Despite
its urbanization and economic success, many
individuals continue to live in poverty and are unable
to afford even the essentials such as fresh drinking
water. Many individuals in areas surrounding Vellore
suffer from diseases as a result of drinking water
contaminated by effluent dumped into streams and
waterways by local tanneries. Even everyday activities
such as washing clothes and tending to crops can
expose individuals to these harmful chemicals causing
rashes and infection. Another source of water in these
areas comes through taps provided by the government
which
distribute untreated ground water. However, this
water can be contaminated and contains a high salt
content. In addition, the taps only run for two hours
every alternate day and are often located a great
distance away from households therefore, making
the retrieval of water cumbersome and time
consuming. Businesses do exist which provide
drinking water to the villages through large tanker
trucks or carts. However, these vendors sell their
water at a price which is too costly for all to afford.
Therefore, for countless individuals, the only source
of drinking water available is the contaminated
ground water and untreated underground water.
Through field research, it was found that tanneries
will no longer be leaking effluents into the water
supply as a result of a government mandate which
prohibits tanneries from disposing of their waste in
waterways. However, the ground water remains
polluted with numerous chemicals. As a result, JAL
decided that the most reliable and feasible water
source to treat would be the underground water
which can be acquired through bore wells.
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4 JAL Water for Life
We believe that JALs strength lies
in being able to supply water to both
markets.
5. MARKET ANALYSIS
MARKET DEMOGRAPHICS
Tamil Nadu has a population of over 62 million, about
27.5% (17.05 million) of which is considered to be
living below the poverty line. In this segment, the
average household size is 4 people with an average
income of roughly INR 3,000 monthly or about INR
100 a day (2USD). 75 % of the population is literate
and many are skilled workers who earn a daily wage.
In this area, women are the main caretakers of the
household and normally carry the responsibility ofretrieving the familys water. As mentioned before
there are water sources for water in the area however
they are not a viable solution for the local villagers.
TARGET MARKET SEGMENTATION
For the purpose of the project, our
customers will be classified as eithercommercial or
Commercial will encompass
the local businesses in the area;whiledomestic will
refer to the rural households.Each JAL solar
desalination and purification system is capable of
supplying water to roughly 200 businesses as well
as 2200 homes.
In other words roughly 10% of our customers will
be in the commercial market. The company will sell
to rural households at INR 5 per 20 liter bottle,and
to local businesses at INR 10 per 20 liter bottle
while offering them a discount per container of INR
5 if they are willing to sponsor a
familys water.
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5 JAL Water for Life
"I am thoroughly
impressed! It
seems like this
technology is
affordable,
accessible and
realistic! I believethat this project
would be a
gigantic part of
the solution to the
water problem not
only in India but
around the world."
Mr. Bret CarrOutreach/Virtual
6. JAL
JAL is highly reliant on its core
technologies of a single basin
solar still and UV purification
system, as well as its highly
efficient delivery system.
CORE TECHNOLOGY
Desalination
The design of JALs
desalination system was
formulated through a great deal
of research on thermodynamic
and heat transfer theory, as well
as modeling existing systems.
The desalination system is made up of a level control
tank, solar still, storage tank, and a series of pumps.
The first component in the system is the level control
tank This tank serves two main functions, to control
the level and the surface temperature of the water
inside the still. In regard to size the tank is small
measuring 70 cm by 1m by 1m, and has a capacity of700 liters of water. The tank also serves the function
of acting as a sedimentation tank
for solid particles. Once the water leaves the
control tank, it is channeled into the solar still,
where the desalination process occurs. The still will
be able todesalinate roughly 100,000 liters of water
a day. It will utilize the use of a vacuum pump to
create a vacuum within the system making it
proportionately more efficient to the drop in
pressure. Unlike traditional solar stills, JALs
system uses the concept of flash distillation to
increase its efficiency. This concept works on the
basis that the boiling point of water drops at lower
pressures causing the water to flash into steam
instead of slowly evaporating. Another difference
from the traditional design is that, JALs solar still
also makes use of the latent heat within the system
through the use of a copper absorber which heats
the water by convection. Traditional solar stills are
only 30 to 40 percent efficient due to heat losses
from the escape of radiation from the solar still
either through the glass, the atmosphere, or the
water. Although it is not possible for our still to
have no heat losses we can expect a significant
increase in retention by making use of the latent
heat in the system. Through use of both these
methods we expect an overall efficiency of 70 to 80
(conservative).
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6 JAL Water for Life
Purification
The second part JALs system is the
purification component. This part is
nothing more than a readymade water
storage tank with a UV light.
Research has shown that UV light
inactivates bacteria (by altering its
DNA not allowing for reproduction),
and is one of the best ways of
purifying water. The way this works
is by running a short ultraviolet
wavelength through the clear water
hitting and eradicating the bacteria.
This process works for any kind of
bacteria and virus including deadly
bacteria such as Ecoli and Cholera.
Once the water is treated it is then
sent to a storage tank from where it
will be distributed.
(Research that was conducted is
credited and cited in the appendices).
DISTRIBUTION
JALs distribution system consists
of the utilization of local
entrepreneurs to provide delivery
services. At first JAL will employ 5
delivery people, each distributing to
about 500 houses and businesses.
Their work and vehicle expenses
will be compensated with INR 400
(USD 9) a day. JAL will have no
part in the maintenance or cost of
delivery vehicles, each delivery
person must provide their mode of
transportation independently.
Deliveries will be made in 20L
canisters. This is necessary since
most commercial customers
already. use these canisters and
have storage facilities designed
specifically for such containers.
Initially, the delivery person will
arrive at the desalination plant in
the morning to have the canistersfilled. Along the route, similar to
the milkman concept, each house
will leave their empty water
canisters outside their door in the
morning. When the delivery person
arrives, he/she will exchange the
full canisters for the empty one,
continuing along the route in this
manner until all houses have been
reached. The empty canisters will
then be filled the following
morning and the system will
continue in this manner. The In
order To differentiate our services
JAL will have both basic as well asa premium service models. Basic
referring to delivery of water once a
day at INR 5 and premium would
refer to getting water whenever the
customer wishes however at a
higher price. JAL will also give the
local businesses a type of coupon
providing a discount on their water
if they decide to sponsor a family
that cannot afford it. The businesses
would pay the INR 10 for the
family a day but will receive a
discount to INR 5 per 20L can on
their water.
ORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURE
Unlike other companies, JAL is
unique in that it is entirely owned
by the community. The reason for
this is to fulfill its main goal of
creating a community run
enterprise. JAL will be run by local
village entrepreneurs and its
revenues will go into a community
fund managed by the village
leaders, which will be used for
various projects within the
community. In essence the
community invests in its own
development. In addition JAL will
work with various NGOs to offer
services such as womens self help
groups as well as education and
health care.
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6 JAL Water for Life
JAL has solved our
problems, we had great
difficulty in procuring the
water otherwise. The water
we drank earlier was very
bad it was mostly salty, now
the water quality is
excellent.
MRS. PRIYA
Local Villager
Subscribed JALs water
Earlier we used to buy these
cans from outside at INR 30
per can, now we are getting
these cans from you at INR
15, this is very good. I used to
spend INR 150 daily, now I
am spending only INR 75.
MR. FIROZLocal Business Owner
(Commercial Customer)
7. STRATEGY AND
IMPLEMENTATION
JAL will achieve its goals through
the implementation of a three phase
system. Throughout phases one and
two it will focus on the desalination
and distribution of water while also
developing a community central
fund. In the last phase ownership
will be transferred to the community
and it is our hope that JAL willdevelop into a type of central bank
for the community working with the
revenues of the company.
PHASE 1
The first phase taking from one to
two years will be the initial testphase (Pilot phase) focusing on the
desalination and distribution of
water along with the creation of a
community fund. In this stage, we
will outline basic insights
concerning interaction with the
community and develop a
marketing framework focusing on
basic needs such as water, health,
and empowerment.
PHASE 2
Once JAL has established itself and
gained trust in the community, the
community fund will be further
developed and will start being used
for various community projects.
The second phase would
also consist of construction of a
self sufficient infrastructure for
providing water along with
beginning development of a
community center.Realizing that
the cost of this is somewhat higher
than the initial plan, we can
amortize it over a period of years.
At the end of this phase our goal is
that JAL will act as a communitybased municipality. This phase is
expected to take around 2 to 5
years.
PHASE 3
At this point our main goal iscommunity development. This
phase will include the community
fund evolving into a communal
economic system. A municipal
bond will be introduced. In
exchange for investment the bond
holder will get a specified return
down the line. The introduction
of this bond will allow the
community to gain additional
funds for community projects
therefore fostering community
development. This phase should
take five to ten years. The goal is
that at the end of this phase thecommunity will be completely
self sustained in regards to water
as well as economically.
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7 JAL Water for Life
8. COMPETITIVE ANALYSISJAL has four main competitors: the existing tanker
truck business, government municipal taps, reverse
osmosis systems, and point of use filtration devices
(swatch filter). JAL will create added value for the
consumer by outlining the drawbacks of these
methods of obtaining water.
TANKER DISTRIBUTORS
One of the main issues That JAL is trying to address is
the quality of water being supplied. Around Tamil
Nadu there are a number of water tankers that deliver
saline and unhygienic water to the community. These
tankers carry roughly 5,000 liters of water and
distribute it in villages upon the request of thePanchayat. They are usually used in a time of water
shortage however they also exist as a business
supplying water at INR 30 which is not easily
affordable to the local community. JAL looks to
address these issues by providing clean, desalinated
water at INR 5 per 20 liter can.
MUNICIPAL TAPS
The main source of water in this area is the
government taps. These taps only run for a couple
hours at a time. Many villagers travel a great
distance to reach these taps and wait in long lines to
receive water. It is possible that due to the long
lines one may not receive any water. In addition,
the water is saline groundwater and just like thetanker trucks is not treated, therefore also posing
additional problems for those who drink it. JALs
service model addresses these issues by
guaranteeing that the customer will receive clean,
fresh water as well as adding a convenience
component.
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8 JAL Water for Life
JALs strength is that its Core technology
requires no replacement parts and can
purify a larger volume of water solely
with the use of the Sun!
REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEMS
A system that is commonly used in the desalination of
water is an RO system. These by running unpurified
water through a type of filter membrane in order to
remove salt and other substances. These systems
however have two distinct drawbacks. Water
purification is dependent on the solute concentration
and pressure. This means that depending on these
parameters the output
can be more or less
than what is predicted.
A Reverse Osmosis
systems main drawback
however is the periodic replacement of the membrane
used to filter the water. As this is costly and makes it
undesirable on a major scale. JALs main strength over
this system is that its core technology requires no
replacement parts and can purify a larger volume of
water.
TATA SWACH FILTER
The TATA Swach is a new filter that has just been
introduced in the BOP market. It was first used in
the Tsunami relief efforts and is now being
marketed to the rest of the population. The Price for
the swatch is INR 999 (UDS 22). Tata is marketing
the product as costing INR 30 a month per family.
For this reason it can be considered a worthy
competitor to JAL.
However, just like
the Reverse Osmosis
system the swach
filter also has its
drawbacks. The filter works with a bulb-like water
purifier made up of rice husk ash and nanosilver
particles which need to be replaced approximately
after purifying 3000 liters of water. In addition,
even though the swach filter is able to purify water
unlike the solar still it is not able to desalinate it,
therefore not effectively addressing the main issue
seeing as how the underground water (the largest
source of water) is saline.
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9 JAL Water for Life
9. THREATS
Every new opportunity is accompanied by threats.
In our business model, which stands on the basis of
offering purified water at low cost, the foreseeable
threats are: inability of the villagers to pay,
government policies, and community acceptance.
INABILITY TO PAY
Since JAL is targeting the BOP market, we expect
there will be instances where people will not be
able to pay for water due to unforeseen
circumstances. To overcome this, JAL is proposing
the use of a sliding scale revenue model wherein if
one is not able to pay he can either pay more the
next day or provide some other service to the
community. As the project progresses into
succeeding phases this will become less of a
problem since the community fund is going to be
used to pay for the services.
COMMUNITY ACCEPTANCE
Through our research we have found that most
businesses in the BOP fail due to the fact that they
are not properly integrated into the community.
This is due either to the fact that they fail to meet
the demands of the people or fail to consider the
cultural perspective. JAL will overcome this by
working with the community in all parts of the
project as well as allowing the community to have
full ownership over it in the end.
DEPENDENCE ON FUEL PRICES FOR
DELIVERY
One of the biggest threats JAL has is that its
delivery system uses an auto rickshaw to distribute
the water. Although JAL has received confirmation
from its delivery workers that their daily prices
will not change, we believe that this might not be
entirely true do to shortage periods of fuel. This
not only will affect JALs distribution prices it will
also make it more difficult to supply the residents
with the water needed. One way we are looking to
address this issue is by having local entrepreneurs
using bicycles or other forms of transport to
distribute the water.
10. OPPORTUNITIES
EXPANSION
One opportunity that JAL has is to set up systems
in other local communities. This will most likely
be done within the second phase of the system
after the company has recovered the initial
investment and seen positive returns.
COMMUNITY MUNICIPALITY
In addition to expansion the company also has the
option of continuing to develop the existing
community infrastructure, just like expansion this
would happen once the initial investment is
recovered. One option that we have is instead of
delivering the water we can set up an infrastructure
to get the water to the villagers homes or at least
nearer than the existing municipal taps. This will
eliminate the need for delivery, cutting our costs
proportionately. In this scenario the community
will pay a general average rather than each
individual.
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10 JAL Water for Life
APPENDIX A: FINANCIAL PLAN
The following plan outlines the financial development of JAL. The business will be initially
financed by a little over INR 15,238,680 (USD 344,000) investment, and will recover this amount
within 20 month (1.8 year) of operation.
IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS
The financial projections for JAL are based on the following assumptions. These assumptions
are thought to be quite conservative, as are the financial forecasts. As seen below, our Daily Operating
costs are INR 3,500 based on the use of 5 service workers and INR 1,000 Daily for energy. Our sales
are INR 31,000 giving us a daily profit of INR 27,500.
Total Investment Cost
Solar still In INR
Bore well450,000
Land6,000,000
Solar still (raw Materials) 5,556,000.tax rate 12.5% 695,000
Transportation costs 1,000,000
Labor 522,680
Government Registration 200,000
Miscellaneous 500,000
Total Cost of Solar Still14,923,680.00
bottles (at 1.5X) 315,000
Total initial investment15,238,680.00
In addition INR 6,000 fee will be taken out
monthly for the cost of the two staff workers.
Total Operating Cost per DayExpenditures In INR
Utilities 1,000
Delivery services 2,000
Miscellaneous 500
Total Operating costs 3,500
Sales Assumptions (Daily)
Customers # of Customers Bottles/Customer Price/Bottle Sales
Commercial 200 10 INR 10 INR20,000
Residential 2,200 1 INR 5 INR11,000
Total 2,400 4,200 - INR 31,000
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11 JAL Water for Life
BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS
Our initial investment of INR 15,238,680. (USD 280K) will be recovered over the span of 20
months or 1.8 years. The break-even analysis is based on the initial assumptions above.
YEARLY CASH FLOWS
The cash flows projections of JAL for its first three years in operation are recorded in the table
below. These Cash flows are based on the Initial sales and cost assumptions above. As can be seen at the end
of the third year, (considering the initial investment of INR 15,238,680, JAL receives a return of
approximately INR 12,265,320 (USD 277,000) or a 80% return.
3 Year Cash Flow (In INR) Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
CASH RECEIPTS
Cash sales (households) 2200 @ 1 can @ INR5 3,696,000 3,696,000 INR 3,696,000
cash sales (businesses) 200 @ 10 cans @
Rs10
6,720,000 6,720,000 6,720,000
TOTAL CASH RECEIPTS 10,416,000 13,776,000 13,776,000
CASH PAID OUT in Rs
Delivery services (5) 672,000 672,000 672,000
staff fee (2 ) 72,000 72,000 72,000
Utilities 372,000 372,000 372,000
Other expenses (supplies) 168,000 168,000 168,000
TOTAL CASH PAID OUT 1,248,000 1,248,000 1,248,000
Cash Position (end of Year) Rs 9,168,000 9,168,000 9,168,000
Cash on hand 9,168,000 18,336,000 27,504,000
Overall position in INR ( initially -15,238,680)-6,070,680
(USD -137,113)
3,097,320
(USD 69,956)
12,265,320
(USD 277,025)
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12 JAL Water for Life
RISK AND RETURN
Our only risk in the venture is our initial investment of INR 15,238,680.00 (USD 280,000). Our business
model states that INR 15,238,680 will be needed in setting up the solar still. In comparison to the initial
investment return over the first two years will be roughly ten million rupees thus recovering the initial
investment in a little less than two years.
SCENARIOS
The following are the best, normal, and worse case scenarios for JALs operating yearly operating profit.
They are based on whether or not the businesses will choose the sponsor option to receive their water at
INR 5 . The first scenario assumes all businesses are willing to utilize the sponsorship, the second that half
are willing and the third that none are willing.
3 Year Cash Flow best normal Worst
CASH RECEIPTS in Rs
cash sales (households) 2200
@ 1 can @ Rs5
3,696,000 3,696,000 3,696,000
cash sales (businesses) 200 @
10 cans @ Rs10
6,720,000 5,040,000 3,360,000
TOTAL CASH RECEIPTS 10,416,000 8,736,000 7,056,000
CASH PAID OUT in Rs
Delivery services (5) 672,000 672,001 672,002
Purchases (supplies &
miscellaneous)
1,344,001 1,344,001 1,344,001
staff fee (2 ) 72,000 72,000 72,000
Utilities 372,000 372,000 372,000
Other expenses (supplies) 168,000 168,000 168,000
TOTAL CASH PAID OUT 1,284,000 1,284,000 1,284,000
Cash Position (end of Year)
Rs
9,132,000 7,452,000 5,772,000
APPENDIX- B: RESEARCH
1. Lockheed Martin Conceptual design of a 50MGD Desalination plant, Stewart L Udall2. Large Scale Desalting A Study in the Engineering Economics of Regional Development, Paul W.
MacAvoy, 1969 Praeger Publishers
3. Solar Distillation, M A S Malik, 1982 Pergamon Presshttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humi
dification.htm
4. http://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htm
http://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htm -
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13 JAL Water for Life
APPENDIX-C: COST & QUOTES
cription Quantity Unit Rate INR Amount INR Amount $ Quote Given By
dymade
pper
orber
16 800
Square
Meter 1,250.00 1,000,000.00 22,586.11
Mr. Dhana Vel, Solar Absorber
Manufacturers [email protected]
d 1000
Square
Meter 6,000.00 6,000,000.00 135,516.66
Local Enquiry at Ranipet, Tamil Nadu,
INDIA
mp 3hp 3 nos 27,459.81 82,379.43 1,860.63
http://www.swimmingpoolquotes.in/pool-
prices.html
in Drain
"X18") 2 nos 4,258.55 8,517.10 192.37
ustable 2"
or Inlet 20 nos 782.46 15,649.20 353.45
uum Point 4 nos 453.60 1,814.40 40.98
erflow
ting 360
Running
Foot 292.50 105,300.00 2,378.32
Vacuum
ad 24"1 nos 11,192.39 11,192.39 252.79
uum Hose
mm-12m 4 nos 3,399.10 13,596.40 307.09
ncrete cost
wall 756
Square
Foot 50.00 37,800.00 853.75
RDC Concrete Chennai, Plot No. 2 / 129, S.
No. 55 / 4d1 Avdi Road,
Senneerkuppam, Poonamallee Taluk,
Thiruvallur District, Chennai - 600 056
ming &
shing labor
wall 756
Square
Foot 30.00 22,680.00 512.25
nforcement
t 756
Square
Foot 20.00 15,120.00 341.50
vel Cost 756
Square
Foot 10.00 7,560.00 170.75
uum Pump 1 nos 200,000.00 200,000.00 4,517.22
Garuda Pumps, BMD BUSINESS CENTER,
2nd Floor, 39, Thirumalai Pillai Road, T.
Nagar, Chennai - 600 017.
ss Dome 7650
Square
Foot 500.00 3,825,000.00 86,391.87
Saint-Gobain Glass India, Parkway
Apartment, First Floor-MC, 600 008 -
Egmore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu INDIA
cellaneous
ng & Labor 1 nos 500,000.00 500,000.00 11,293.05
e Well 1 nos 450,000.00 450,000.00 10,163.75
AQUA Equipments,
No.48,E.C.R.Road,Thiruvanmiyur, Chennai,
Tamil Nadu, INDIA
C Pipes and
ngs 50mm 300 meters 30.00 9,000.00 203.27
nless Steel
es 250 meters 70.00 17,500.00 395.26
ctrical
plies 1 nos 25,000.00 25,000.00 564.65
Finolex Cables Ltd
Pioneer Sudarshan Plaza, 3rd floor,
No.9 Mohan Kumaramangalam Road,
Off Nungambakkam High Road,
Chennai - 600 034
Tamilnadu
ter Cans
ribution 6300 nos 50.00 315,000.00 7,114.62
City Pet Bottles
Address: No. 11, Opposite To R C
Appartments, Kamarajar Salai,
Kodungaiyur, Chennai - 600 118, India
ut Buffer
k 1 nos 25,000.00 25,000.00 564.65
SINTEX INDUSTRIES LIMITEDPlastic Division
KALOL (N. GUJARAT) 382 721. INDIA
Phone: 253500, Fax: (02764) 253800
Email: [email protected]
el Control
k 1 nos 5,000.00 5,000.00 112.93
http://www.swimmingpoolquotes.in/pool-prices.htmlhttp://www.swimmingpoolquotes.in/pool-prices.htmlhttp://www.swimmingpoolquotes.in/pool-prices.htmlhttp://www.swimmingpoolquotes.in/pool-prices.htmlhttp://www.swimmingpoolquotes.in/pool-prices.html -
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APPENDIX- D: TECHNICAL DESIGN
APPENDIX-E: TECHNICAL CALCULATION
Output of Large Scale Solar Desalination Plant
Consider the desalination plant described above of dimensions 40M by 22M.
Area solar absorber l*b = 0.022 x 0.040 = 0.00088 km2
In Chennai average annualized insulation is 5.32 kwh/m2/day
Assuming 80% transmittance through glass and 90% efficiency solar absorber
Total solar energy absorbed
= 0.8 x 0.9 x 0.000706858 x 106
x 5320 x 60 x 60= 12.1344 x 10
09joules/day
Energy required to heat 1 gram water from ambient temperature to 50 C and to evaporate
= 30 + 540 calories
= 570 x 4.2 joules
= 2,400 joules
But if there is a gained output ratio of 20Actual amount of energy consumed per gram water desalinated is 120 joules
Thus mass of water desalinated is= (12.1344 x 1009
)/120 grams/day
= 1,01,121 liters/day
tput
rage Tank 1 nos 100,000.00 100,000.00 2,258.61
Treatment
tem 1 nos 50,000.00 50,000.00 1,129.31
www.chemtronicsindia.com, |28, satyam
Industrial Estate, Subhash Road,
Jogeshwari (East). Mumbai 400 060
vernment
gistration 1 200,000.00 200,000.00 4,517.22
TALS 13,043,108.92 294,593.09