Jaeger Tri-Packs / Hacketten - Raschig GmbH - Random... · Superior performance by design™...

Jaeger Tri-Packs / HackettenProduct Bulletin 600

Superior performance by design™Raschig GmbH - Jaeger Products, Inc

Product Bulletin-600Page 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Raschig Jaeger Technologies 2

Features & Benefits 3

Physical Properties Jaeger Tri-Packs 4

Performance Comparisons 5-10

Pressure Drop Curves 11-14

Flooding Curves 15

Liquid Holdups 16

Jaeger Tri-Packs vs. AIRSTRIP 17-18

HTU FOR CO2 Desorption 19

Absorption/Scrubbing Data 20

Scaling, Fouling and Disinfection 21-22

Conversion Factors 23

Other Jaeger Packings 24

Raschig Jaeger Technologies – September 2006

In order to establish a new alliance in mass transfer business RASCHIG GmbH and its parent companyPMC GLOBAL INC have acquired JAEGER PRODUCTS INC., a Houston Texas based company, which isa major manufacturer of tower packings, column internals and speciality trays and very active in the MassTransfer and Environmental Business.

RASCHIG JAEGER will be integrated into the PMC network of highly specialized, internationally operatingcompanies and will therefore be better prepared to meet increased globalization and further improvedcustomer orientation. Wherever in the world – in all continents – RASCHIG JAEGER is on the spot.

Synergies

This strategic acquisition combining RASCHIG and JAEGER into one larger group gives a great advantageto our customers giving them access to products of both entities in Europe, The Americas and in other partsof the world. It will create new dimensions in mass transfer technology. The advantages of our processengineering know-how and our technologies benefit even more the planning, modernization andconstruction of our clients’ processes. And: saving energy and investment cost is part of it.

The new alliance offers a diverse array of products to meet the mass transfer needs of the industries. Whilespecializing in high performance products, the comprehensive products line of RASCHIG JAEGER alsoincludes traditional fractional trays as well as structured and random packing types that best fit theapplication.

Leading In-house distributor test-facility

The company operates one of the largest in-house distributor test-facilities worldwide. Liquid distributorscan be tested up to 12m in diameter at a maximum liquid load of 2400m3 per hour.

All products of RASCHIG JAEGER are the result of consistent development work long years of experience.Comprehensive quality management in all stages of production and the principle of offering completesolutions are the basis of our excellent reputation – worldwide.



Jaeger Tri-Packs®

Features

• Jaeger Tri-Packs® are hollow, spherical packings made of injection molded plastic, available in fourdiameters: 1”, 11/4”, 2”, and 31/2”.

• Symmetrical geometry made from a unique network of ribs, struts, and drip rods.

• High active surface areas.

• Extremely low pressure drops.

• Extremely high operating capacities.

Benefits

• High mass and heat transfer rates.

• Excellent gas and liquid dispersion characteristics.

• Resist nesting, making removal easy.

• Installs to packed position - no settling.

• Available in a wide variety of plastics.

• Predictable performance.

Jaeger Tri-Packs®-PP are NSF Certified to ANSI/NSFStandard 61 when made in polypropylene


3.34.25.66.2Bulk Density

(lb/ft3)(PP)

9593.59290

VoidSpace

(%)

12162528PackingFactor(1/ft)

38487085Geometric

Surface Area(ft2/ft3)

3 1/221 1/41Size (in.)

Specifications & Physical Properties

MaterialsTwelve standard, injection moldable plastics are available:

Polypropylene (PP) TopEx® (LCP)Polyethylene (PE) Kynar® (PVDF)Polypropylene Halar® (ECTFE)

Glass-Filled (PPG) Teflon® (PFA)Noryl® (PPO) Tefzel® (ETFE)Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Tefzel® Glass-CorzanTM (CPVC) Filled (ETFE-G)

Other plastics are available on request.

IMPORTANT NOTE:Design data presented in this bulletin are for preliminarycalculations only. Contact Jaeger before finalizingcalculations.

Jaeger TRI-PACKS® is a Registered Trademark of JaegerPRODUCTS, INC.

Properties Table

Maximum Operating Temperatures for Plastic Jaeger Tri-Packs

Jaeger Tri-Packs® are available in a variety of injection-molded plastics for different applications. Themaximum operating temperatures for these different resins vary from material to material and are also affectedby specific process variables. The data presented below correspond to maximum continuous operatingtemperatures at atmospheric pressure and systems that are essentially air and water. The presence ofsolvents, acids, free radicals, and oxidants needs to be considered. Furthermore, these temperaturescorrespond to the maximum recommended bed depth for each packing size and material. These maximumbed depths are different depending on the application. Consult with Jaeger in respect to the maximum beddepth for your particular application.

*Depending on glass content.

2.2410Tefzel® - Glass Filled (25% Glass) (ETFE-G)

2.45400Teflon® (PFA)

1.93350Tefzel® (ETFE)

1.86290Halar® (ECTFE)

1.98280Kynar® (PVDF)

1.24230Noryl® (PPO)

1.17-1.38*210-230*Polypropylene - Glass-Filled (10-30%) (PP-G)

1.74210Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)

1.74230CorzanTM (CPVC)

1.00180Polypropylene (PP)

1.02160Polyethylene (PE)

1.50140Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Bulk Density FactorMaximum Temperature (Deg. F)

Material (1 atm, air/water, at max. recommended depth)


2” Tri-Packs®0.08699.50.5

3 1/2” Tri-Packs®0.04296.23.8

2R Tellerettes®0.06596.23.8

2” Pall Rings0.1182.517.5

∆p/H“H2O/ft

RemovalEffcy. %

ppmV

Out

Performance Comparison2R Tellerettes® vs 2” Tri-Packs®

HCl/Caustic Scrubbing @ 70oF, 1 atm, 100 ppmV Inlet

9,000 CFM @ 70oF

100 ppmv HCl

• 2” Tri-Packs® give a 97% improvement in outletHCl concentration compared to 2” Pall Rings -2”Tri-Packs® outperform 2R Tellerettes® by 87%• 3 1/2" Tri-Packs® give a 78% improvementwhen compared to 2” Pall Rings• 3 1/2" Tri-Packs® equal 2R Tellerettes®

performance with 35% lower pressure drop

Tellerettes® HTU data from Ceilcote catalog 12-1 0.60; ∆p data from 12-10.11Tri-Packs® HTU curves are simulations based on available HTU data from other systems.


Superior Performance by Design™

Which design is less expensive? If you chose column B,then you might be in for a surprise.

A B

Question: Which column design is less expensive?

Answer: Column A

The price you pay for pollution abatement iscomposed of two parts. First, there’s the directcapital cost for the scrubber or stripper. Thisincludes the up-front money you are charged forthe column, the packing and the internals. Butthere’s also an ongoing energy expense that youmust pay for gas compression and for liquidpumping. The capital cost is usually carefullymonitored and controlled because it is oftentimesa large lump sum payment charged beforeabatement even begins.

By contrast, energy is paid for on an ongoingbasis. It is a cost not often considered in theevaluation of designs submitted by differentvendors because it is presumed that this costshould be about the same for all designs. It thenfollows that the cost for abatement is minimizedby minimizing the capital expense. But thisreasoning can be seriously flawed. Energy costsare extremely sensitive to design choices likecolumn diameter, packed depth, gas loading persquare foot of column cross section, and materials of construction. The only proper way to choose a designis to balance capital expenses against operating expenses. The annual abatement cost is the sum of thedepreciated capital cost and the annual energy cost. The proper choices of column diameter, packed depth,and gas loading per unit cross section are those that minimize this annual abatement cost. When the capitaldepreciation time is relatively long, the column diameter increases in order to bring the pressure drop downand thus lower energy costs. Conversely, when capital is depreciated more quickly, the column size shrinks(at the expense of higher pressure drop) in order to lower the up front expense. In short, then, a smallercolumn can be more expensive to operate than a larger one when all cost factors are taken into account

Jaeger can work closely with your organization to develop cost models for yourproject and we can optimize a design based on these models to meet yourfinancial objectives. Contact us about your design needs.


Jaeger Tri-Packs® Outperform Lanpac®

Verified by Independent Test

*HTU values for 3.5” Lanpac® calculated from Lanpac HTU correlation reported in Lantec Technical Bulletin TL-901.2” Jaeger Tri-Packs® performance data taken from U.S. Department of Commerce document AD-A158 811 June 1985


Again & Again!!

Jaeger Tri-Packs® Out Distance Lanpac®in Stripping and Pressure Drop Tests

When Manatee County, Florida required H2Sstripping towers for water treatment in 1992,they were concerned about long-term energycost. The OEM Manufacturer retained by thecounty conducted tests on different packings toassure that their client received the mostefficient packing and system. The partialresults shown in the two graphs at the leftshow why they picked 31/2” Jaeger Tri-Packs®

over 31/2” Lanpac® as the most efficient andaffordable packing available.

When these two products - of comparable size- are used for identical purposes with identicalconditions, the 31/2” Jaeger Tri-Packs®overwhelmingly outperform the 31/2” Lanpac®.Stripping efficiencies for 31/2” Jaeger Tri-Packs® averaged 36.5% better than those for31/2” Lanpac®. These results are illustrated bythe graph at the top left.

The same trend is evident in the pressuredrop, as illustrated by the graph on the lowerleft. The data shows the advantage in energysavings that 31/2” Jaeger Tri-Packs® offersover the 31/2” Lanpac®.

31/2” Jaeger Tri-Packs® were recommendedand installed because they outperformed 31/2”Lanpac® in both mass transfer efficiency andpressure drop. The 31/2” Jaeger Tri-Packs®are still in service and will continue to providethe energy savings and value originally desiredby Manatee County

Give us a call. Jaeger can provide the productsand services to get you the most out of yourpacking or mass transfer device.

Data from test performed in 1992 by Duall Division, Metpro Corporation,Owosso, Michigan.


Packing Comparison

KGa vs. Liquid Loading

CO2 Air/Caustic Countercurrent Flow

Tellerettes® data from Ceilcote Technical Bulletin 12-10.60

Column diameters and packed depths varied among the tests reported here


Pressure Drop ComparisonPlastic Packing

Ambient Air/Water (70oF, 1 atm) at 20 gpm/ft2

+44, 45, 48, 68 ft2/ft3 reported in Lantec Literature.Lanpac data from Lantec Technical Bulletin TL-905.2K & 2R Tellerettes data from Ceilcote Catalog 12-10.11 and 12-10.13.Pall ring data from Jaeger Catalog 700-pd705.Snowflake data from Norton Bulletin ISPP-1.Super Intalox saddle data from Norton Bulletin DC-11.


1” Plastic Jaeger Tri-Packs®

For Air/Water systems at 70oF & 1 atm: C-Factor x 7776.2 = lb/hr-ft2; gpm/ft2 x 499.7 = lb/hr-ft2

Pressure Drop vs. C-Factor

Ambient Air-Water Systems for Various Liquid Loadings


1.25” Plastic Jaeger Tri-Packs®





3.5” Plastic Jaeger Tri-Packs®





Plastic Jaeger Tri-Packs®


Generalized Flooding Curves

Ambient Air-Water Systems at 1 atm, 700F

SRP – Separations Research Program, University of Texas at Austin


Jaeger Tri-Packs®


Liquid Holdups

Fractional holdups estimated from formula presented in I&EC Research, 5(33), 1222 (1994).

11/4”Jaeger Tri-Packs® 1”Jaeger Tri-Packs®

31/2” Jaeger Tri-Packs® 2” Jaeger Tri-Packs®


Jaeger Tri-Packs® Outperform

Independent Tests Prove…


…Jaeger Tri-Packs® Exceed Expectations

2” Jaeger Tri-Packs® performance data taken from U.S. Department of Commerce document AD-A 158 811, June 1985.AirStrip v.1.2 is a computer program which uses the mass transfer correlations of Onda et al., to design and rate air strippers.

AirStrip® Predictions




HTUOX for CO2 Desorption from Water


Absorption / Scrubbing

6813311229H2S-NaOH

7730721844HF-H2O

14040961946SO2-NaOH

6.25.43.6684096512

10.08.45.6681024512NH3-H2O

7.06.04.1681024492NH3-H2SO4

54.049.232.0681127717NO2-Na2S+NaOH

16.014.59.912222021229Cl2-NaOH

10.08.86.16820481567HCl-NaOH

12.010.67.07720481792HCl-H2O

3221

HTU-InchesTemp.(oF)

LG(lb/hr-ft2)

AbsorptionSystem

14.012.08.1

8.16.94.6

22.019.413.0

NH3-H2O

MASS TRANSFER DATA

Typical Design Parameters

Gas Velocity 100-500 ft/min.These loadings are based on the cross-sectional area of the scrubber as seen by the gas. Incounter-current scrubbers this area corresponds to the cross-section of the tower. In cross-flow scrubbers, it corresponds to the cross-section on a vertical plane of the packed bed.

Liquid Loading 2-10 gpm/ft2These loadings are based on the cross-sectional area of the scrubber as seen by the liquid.In countercurrent scrubbers, this area corresponds to the cross-section of the tower. Incross-flow scrubbers, it corresponds to the cross-section on a vertical plane of the packedbed.

Packing Size For random packings, optimum size scrubber diameter/packing size ratio is 12:1.

pH pH needs to be specified and controlled for any absorption involving contaminants which candissociate in aqueous solution. Contact Jaeger for your specific application.

Pressure Drop Packed bed pressure drop in new scrubbers should be between 0.02” and 0.2” water/ft. ofpacked bed depth for optimum design.

Blowdown and These two variables need to be determined by process design and material balanceMakeup Rates considerations within the constraints shown above. Consult Jaeger for the proper values for

your application


Jaeger Understand Your Water Treatment Needs

Among the biggest long term maintenance problems facing personnelcharged with operating scrubbers and strippers are scaling, fouling, anddisinfection. Scaling is the precipitation and deposition of water-insolublesalts onto column internals and packing. Scaling is distinct from fouling,which involves the formation of deposits other than salts and which may bedue to corrosion or biological growth. Finally, operators must considerdisinfection if the water being treated is ultimately destined for human oranimal consumption.

Scaling is especially troublesome when the contaminant being dealt with candissociate or needs to dissociate in water to effect its efficient removal. Forthese contaminants, water pH is adjusted by adding strong acids or bases toprevent or enhance dissociation. Generally speaking, dissociation needs tobe prevented when the contaminant is to be stripped from water; it needs tobe enhanced when the contaminant is to be scrubbed from air. Unfortunately,when these pH adjustments are performed on “hard” water, one is oftenforced to cross the solubility envelopes for sparingly soluble salts of calcium,iron, or magnesium (among others). If these solubility phase boundaries arecrossed, precipitation is a thermodynamic inevitability. Contrary to popularbelief, packing geometry plays little or no role in the scaling process.The rate at which a packing scales, therefore, depends primarily upon theinitial water “hardness” and the “pH driving force”, i.e. the difference betweenthe operating pH and the pH at the solubility limit for the salt in question, withsecondary effects caused by liquid and gas loading

The pictures shown are of actual packings and internals taken from different air stripping towers in the field.The picture on the top right is of 31/2" Lanpac®, claimed by its manufacturer to be “scaling and foulingresistant”. It came from an air stripper located in an area where the groundwater is high in iron. The middlepicture is of a conventional Pall® ring that also fouled severely in an air stripping application. Finally, thebottom right picture is of the distributor removed from the same tower which held the Pall® rings of the centerphoto.

Two very common contaminants - ammonia and hydrogen sulfide -require that water pH be adjusted for effective stripping or scrubbing totake place. Ammonia is a weak base while hydrogen sulfide is a weakacid. Vapor/liquid equilibrium considerations make ammonia normallyamenable only to scrubbing while hydrogen sulfide can be scrubbed orstripped. The top graph on the opposite page illustrates the effect of pHon the dissociation of these two compounds. The bottom graph is asolubility phase diagram for three of the more common cations found in“hard” water. Comparison of these two graphs illustrates that there canbe significant overlap of the regions of best “operational” pH intoregions of high scaling potential for these two example compounds.Similar analyses could be done for other compounds and/or othercations

Clearly, the best way to avoid costly shutdowns from scaling is to prevent them.Addition of sequestering agents or other appropriate chemicals can drasticallyminimize column down time. In situations where chemical addition isinappropriate, or perhaps even prohibited, a proper maintenance and cleaningprogram should be implemented, which might include in situ acid or causticwashing of the packing and internals. These measures will also help to reducefouling.


Disinfection refers to the killing of microorganisms. Mostforms of disinfection, including chlorination and ozonation,kill organisms by oxidation. The exception is UVdisinfection, which kills organisms with ultraviolet radiation.Chlorination is by far the most common disinfectant in usein the United States. One concern associated with chlorineuse is its potential to react with suspended or solubleorganic matter to produce trihalomethanes (THMs). Thesecompounds appear to be potent carcinogens. Thetrihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) is a measureof the tendency of a water source to produce THMs.Unfortunately, the effectiveness of chlorine is decreased byhigh pH and low temperature. For these reasons, ozone isbecoming a more common disinfectant. Ozone is a muchmore powerful oxidant than chlorine. It is also naturallyunstable, with half-life of approximately 20 minutes. It,therefore, must be generated at its point of use. Ozonationis very common in Europe. It has received increasedattention recently because it is the only disinfectant thatappears to be effective against cryptosporidium.

Today, Jaeger is the only packing supplier offering you morethan just rhetoric on the subjects of scaling, fouling, anddisinfection. For example, our non-toxic pretreatmentproduct, JP-7, is a proven technology based onpolyphosphate chemistry. Polyphosphates sequester “hard”cations in solution by complexing with them to form large,soluble clusters. In addition, JP-7 has been approved by theEPA, the Department of Agriculture, and several state healthagencies for use in potable water systems. Where watercomes in contact with metals JP-7 has the added benefit ofacting as a corrosion inhibitor. Contact Jaeger for additionalinformation about scaling, fouling, and disinfection and howwe might help you to overcome these difficulties.


Conversion Factors

1000ppbWppmW

60secmin

694.46gpmMillions of Gallons/Day

1.0ppm Wmg/l

1000litersm3

.01cm2/cm3m2/m3

10.7639ft2m2

10000cm2m2

453.59gmlb

1.341hpkW

737.3402lbmole/ft2*hrkg mole/m2*sec

7936.6829lb/hrkg/sec

737.3402lb/ft2*hrkg/m2*sec

2.2046lbkg

1000gmkg

815.6168Pa/min wc/ft

81.5617dyne/cm3in wc/ft

.0254min

3600sechr

499.7lb/hr ft2(water @ 70oF)gpm/ft21000kg/m3gm/cm3

62.428lb/ft3g/cm3

.0283m3ft3

7.4805gal (US)ft33.2808m2/m3ft2/ft3.3048mft

30.48cmft

255.3722.5556KF

7776.2lb/hr ft2C-factor (air/water @70oF) ft/se

273.151KC

321.8FC

760torratm

-14.69614.696psigatm

14.696psiaatm

3.28081/m1/ft

1.0ppmWμg/ml

ADD OFFSETMULTIPLY BYTOFROM

Product Bulletin-600Page 24Physical Properties of Jaeger Packings

Weights of plastic based on polypropyleneWeights of metal based on 300 series stainless steelAll weights are dry weights

772835.9223"

773736.8402"

756140.35211/2"

747840.3971"

7410241.01313/4"

7319043.02011/2"

Novalox® Saddles

Ceramic Packing

977712.819-221/2"Max-PakTM

96228.6750Y

96152.4500Y

97122400Y

97106.7350Y

9891.5300Y

9876.2250Y

9861200Y

9845.7150Y

9830.5100Y

Raschig Super-Pak

Metal Structured Packing

9824.49.4Nr. 3

9830.510.6Nr. 2

9836.510.6Nr. 1.5

9845.710.3Nr. 1

985511.6Nr. 0.7

9776.217.2Nr. 0.5

969621.2Nr. 0.3

Raschig Super-Ring

Random Metal Packing

95302.2NA7"Cascade Bio-RingsTM

95322.8NA31/2"Bio-RingTM

95202.8163"

94303.3212"

91604.7331"Jaeger Saddles

93263.81631/2"

92334.3252"

91444.83211/4"

80645.9521"

861087.8975/8"

Jaeger Rings

94403.21231/2"

93503.5162"

92854.0261"

Cascade Mini-Rings®

9630.53.5Nr. 2

93633.9Nr. 0.6Raschig Super-Ring

95383.31231/2"

93.5484.2162"

92705.62511/4"

90856.2281"

Jaeger Tri-Packs®

Plastic Packing

[%][ft2/ft3][1/ft]

SpaceArea[lb/ft3]Factor(nominal)

VoidSurfaceWeightPackingSize

100 General Product Information

200 Metal Random - RSR

300 Mist Eliminators – Wire Mesh

400 Fractionation Trays and Hardware

450 High Capacity – Nye Trays

475 High Capacity – CoFlo Trays

500 Metal Structured Packing – RSR

525 Metal Structured Packing - MaxPak

550 Plastic Structured Packing – RSP

RASCHIG JAEGER TECHNOLOGIESMundenheimer Strasse 10067061 Ludwigshafen - GermanyPhone: +49.62.5618-602 ∙ Fax: +49.621.5618-604email: [email protected] www.raschig.com

Jaeger Products, Inc.1611 Peachleaf StreetHouston, TX 77039Phone: 281.449.9500 ∙ Fax: 281.449.9400800.678.0345 www.jaeger.com

Locations / Production Sites

Ludwigshafen and Espenhain,Germany

Houston, TexasEl Dorado, KansasAnd Monterrey, Mexico.

Furthermore we co-operate with reliable partners all over the world

600 Plastic Random – Jaeger Tri-Pack/Hackentten

625 Plastic Random – RSR

650 Plastic Random – LPR

675 Plastic Random – Nor Pak

700 Plastic Random – Rings and Saddles

800 Ceramic Random Packing

900 Winsorp Software

1000 Process Information

1100 Column Internals

1200 Reactor Internals

Jaeger Tri-Packs / Hacketten - Raschig GmbH - Random... · Superior performance by design™...

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