Jacqueline L. Reck , PhD, CPA Interim Associate Dean College of Business November 13, 2012
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Transcript of Jacqueline L. Reck , PhD, CPA Interim Associate Dean College of Business November 13, 2012
The Financial Reporting Model
presented at the 2012 School of Governmental Finance Beginner
Boot Camp
Jacqueline L. Reck, PhD, CPAInterim Associate Dean College of Business
November 13, 2012
Plan of Action
Content of a government annual report
Look at illustrations from a complete annual report
Go through the different financial statements
Questions during or at the end of the presentation
GASB – Annual Report (CAFR) Introductory section Financial section
Auditor’s report MD&A Basic financial statements and related notes Required supplementary information Supplementary information (such as combining
statements) Statistical section
MD&A Required supplementary material (not boilerplate) GASB specifically defines what must be included
Discussion of basic financial statements Condensed financial information comparing current
and prior year Analysis of overall financial position and results of
operations Analysis of balances and transactions Description of significant capital asset and debt
activity Description of currently known facts, decisions or
conditions that affect position or operations
Compare Financial Reports Look at the basic financial statements from KForce
prepared under FASB Look at the basic financial statements from the City of
Jacksonville What are some immediate differences that you see?
Required Basic Financial Statements Governmental Fund Statements
Balance Sheet Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes
in Fund Balance
Note: a major fund is a general fund, and any governmental fund or enterprise fund with 10% or more of total assets/liabilities/revenues/expenses (expenditures) of all governmental (enterprise) funds and 5% or more of the corresponding element when governmental and enterprise funds are combined.
Comparing Governmental Fund Statements to KForce Take time to compare the City of Jacksonville Balance
Sheet-Governmental Funds to the Kforce Balance Sheet
Identify differences
Balance Sheet – Fund Balances Reporting model format Assets(current) = Liabilities(current) + Fund Balances
(2 categories)
Fund Balance Categories Nonspendable - not expected to be converted to
cash or cannot be converted Spendable (4 types)
Balance Sheet – Fund Balances Spendable
Restricted - externally imposed or imposed by law or enabling legislation
Committed - use of funds is constrained by formal action of highest level with decision-making authority
Assigned - government intent to use for a specific purpose
Unassigned - everything else, note only the General Fund can have a positive unassigned fund balance. Since a negative restricted, committed or assigned balance is not allowed, other funds may report a negative unassigned balance.
Comparing Operating Statements Compare the City of Jacksonville Statement of
Revenue, Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balance-Governmental Funds to the Kforce Income Statement
Identify differences
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balance
Reporting model formatRevenue- Expenditures= Excess of Revenues Over (Under) Expenditures+ Other Financing Sources (Uses) = Excess of Revenues & Other Sources Over (Under) Expenditures & Other Uses+ Special Items/Extraordinary Items/Capital Contributions+ Change in Fund Balances+ Beginning Fund Balances= Ending Fund Balances
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balance
Revenues are reported by source Expenditures are reported by function/program Extraordinary items involve transactions that are both
unusual and infrequent in nature (same as for-profit definition)
Special items are either unusual or infrequent in nature and under management control
Required Basic Financial Statements Proprietary Fund Statements
Statement of Net Position Statement of Revenues, Expenses and Changes in
Fund Net Position Statement of Cash Flows
Examples are provided for the City of Jacksonville
Statement of Revenues, Expenses and Changes in Net Position
GASB requires division into operating and nonoperating sections Operating revenue/expenses are to be tied to the
fund’s main purpose Management call on some items, such as grants Used in statement of cash flow
Statement of Cash Flows Direct approach is required by GASB Instead of three primary components of cash flow there
are four Operating Non-capital financing Capital and related financing Investing
Statement of Cash Flows Operating activities - effect of transactions used to
determine operating income Cash from sale of goods and services Cash from quasi-external operating transactions All other cash transactions that don’t fit into another
component area Cash payments are the obverse of the above
Statement of Cash Flows Direct method categories used for operating
activities cash receipts from customers cash receipts from quasi-external transactions other operating cash receipts cash to employees for services cash payments to other suppliers of goods and
services cash payments for quasi-external transactions other operating cash payments
Statement of Cash Flows Non-capital financing activities
Borrowing money to acquire, construct or improve non-capital assets
Repaying principal and interest related to non-capital borrowing
Look to transactions affecting the nonoperating section of the statement of revenues, expenses and changes in net assets
Statement of Cash Flows Examples of non-capital financing
cash received or paid relative to non-capital grants or subsidies
cash received from or paid to other funds, such as transfers
cash received from taxes proceeds and repayments related to non-capital
debt issues and borrowings payment of interest on non-capital debt
Statement of Cash Flows Capital and related financing activities
Acquiring and disposing of capital assets Any borrowing and repayments related to capital
assets (including interest) Capital financing activities are similar to non-capital,
but involve capital assets
NOTE: debt that is not clearly related to capital construction, acquisition or improvement should be considered non-capital debt
Statement of Cash Flows Investing activities
Making and collecting on non-program loans Acquiring and disposing of debt and equity
investments (including interest and dividends) Includes deposits or withdrawals from investment
pools that an entity is not using as demand accounts
Statement of Cash Flows Reconciliation of net cash flow from operating activities
to cash is required Noncash transactions should be shown in a schedule
on the face of the financial statements or in the notes
Required Basic Financial Statements Fiduciary Funds
Statement of Fiduciary Net Position Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Position Examples for Jacksonville are included Each trust fund type must have its own column
(agency, special-purpose, investment, pension) Only funds held for those external to the government
are reported on the fiduciary financial statements
Required Basic Financial Statements Government-wide Financial Statements – include ONLY
governmental and proprietary information (NOT fiduciary) Statement of Net Position (reporting model same as
in corporate accounting) Statement of Activities (backward model)
Take some time to look at the Jacksonville statements – how are they different from the fund statements?
Statement of Net Position Primary government columns include
Governmental activities Includes governmental fund activity and
generally internal service fund activity Transactions between governmental funds are
not reported (eliminated) Business-type activities – enterprise fund activity Total column – note internal receivables and
payables between the two columns are netted Component unit columns as appropriate
Statement of Net Position Reporting model format
Assets – Liabilities = Net Position Net Position is reported in 3 categories
Net Investment in Capital Assets – net fixed assets less any related debt
Restricted – limits the availability of the assets Restriction caused by external party or law Separate into expendable and nonexpendable
Unrestricted – available net position
Statement of Net Position (cont’d) Investments
Reported at fair value Realized and unrealized gains/losses netted Extensive note disclosures
Methods and assumptions for fair valuing if other than quoted market
Investment type Risk disclosures – credit, custodial,
concentration, interest rate
Statement of Net Position (cont’d) Capital assets
Reconciliation required in the notes Intangible assets – considered capital assets by
GASB
Statement of Net Position (cont’d) Capital assets (cont’d)
Impairment – Events that may lead to impairment Decline in the market value of the asset Significant change in the way the asset is used Significant adverse change in the legal or
business climate which could affect asset value Costs significantly in excess of the amount
originally expected to acquire or construct an asset
Statement of Net Position (cont’d) Capital assets (cont’d)
Impairment - Apply recoverability test to determine if impairment has actually occurred Estimate future net cash flows and the disposal
amount If the estimate is less than the carrying value an
impairment has occurred
Statement of Net Position (cont’d) Compensated absences (vacation and sick leave)
Becoming a huge problem for governments Accrue as employees earn the rights to the vacation
benefits Right to receive compensation is related to services
already rendered Probable the employer will compensate with time or
other means Due not accrue if benefit can lapse
Accrue sick leave only if there is a termination payment
Statement of Activities Reporting model format
Expenses – Program Revenues = Net Expenses+ General Revenues+ Transfers/Special Items Extraordinary Items= Change in Net Position+ Beginning= Ending Net Position
Statement of Activities Both governmental and business-type activities are
included Component units are not included in primary
government totals Expenses are reported by function/program
Statement of Activities Program revenues are to be identified in 3 categories
Charges for services (includes licenses, permits, fines and forfeits)
Operating grants and contributions Capital grants and contributions
General revenues are All tax revenues Other revenues not specifically identified with a
function/program Should be identified by source
Reconciliations GASB requires reconciliation of the fund financial
statements to the government-wide financial statements Balance Sheet to Statement of Net Position Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes
in Fund Balance to Statement of Activities See examples from Jacksonville
Required Supplementary Material Budget and Actual Statement/Schedule (similar to a
variance report) Uses Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and
Changes in Fund Balance format Required to be prepared on the budgetary basis Requires original and final budget Requires actual revenues and
expenditures/encumbrances
Statistical Section Financial trends information – schedules are provided at
the fund and government-wide levels Revenue capacity information – schedules should focus on
the government’s most significant own source revenues Debt capacity information – schedules are provided to
assist in assessing existing debt burden and ability to issue new debt
Demographic and economic information – assists in assessing the socioeconomic situation
Operating information – provides context for government operations
Resources GASB Codification, issued annually GASB Comprehensive Implementation Guide, issued
annually AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide – State and Local
Governments GFOA Blue Book
Conclusion We have scratched the surface on financial reporting Numerous note disclosures that are required Financial reporting is much more complex than the
reporting for entities under FASB
Questions!