Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew...
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Transcript of Jacksonian America, 1824-45 I). Democratizing America? II). Religious Fervor III). Rise of Andrew...
Jacksonian America, 1824-45
I). Democratizing America?
II). Religious Fervor
III). Rise of Andrew Jackson
IV). Indian PolicyV). Political
Parties
Things to consider Expansion & reduction of democracy Deepening of slavery Role of government in economic,
social, cultural, national life Mass political movements Religion and politics Indian sovereignty & U.S. democracy
Democratizing America?
-No property -Popular election of
officials-Non-farming groups-Voters chose
electors & Pres-All white male
political equality
Reducing Democracy
-Citizen defined practically as white and male-Women lacked voting rights: treated as male
property, no legal status-Increased oppression of blacks
*Growth of slave codes*Punishment against free blacks*Racial inferiorities “biological”*Slave rebellions
The Rise of Andrew Jackson
-b.1767: humble birth-Western lawyer-Scots-Irish, farmer-War hero-Indian fighter“Jacksonian Democrats”
The Politics of Image
-Vote for the party, the policies, the person, or the perception?
-“Populist” image-Emotionalism -Mass politics/parties-Communication &
organization
Jackson Presidency, 1828-1836
-Image of anti-elitism, big gov’t, North East
-Rejected Nat’l Bank & “American Plan”
-Spoils System-Pay back
supporters
Second Great Awakening
I). Methodists & BaptistsA. Rural & WestB. “Choose salvation”C. Pop cultureD. Reformist
1830s Lorenzo Dow
Democratizing religion
-Outlet for women -Church attendance-African Americans -Emotionalism and
evangelicalism -American Political
System-Slavery & women’s
rights
Jackson and the Indians
I). Eastern Indians after 1812
II). “Five Civilized Tribes”
III). Georgia
IV). Indian Removal Act
V). Resistance VI). Trail of Tears
Indian Nations after 1812
-British eliminated-Tecumseh defeated-Treaties and land-125,000 Natives-Conflict with states-Assimilation? -Extermination? -Removal?
Georgia and the Cherokee
GA ignored 1827 constitution Jurisdiction over
tribe Farm land Barred from
court Gold, 1829
Indian Removal Act, 1830
Jackson disliked federal-Indian relations
Did not want to void treaties “Save” the Indians from harm East of the Mississippi River Open land for white farmers
Resistance to Removal, 1831-2
Cherokee v. Georgia
-Tribe sued Georgia
-Are Cherokees a
foreign nation? -“Domestic dependent
nations”
-Indians and federal gov’t
Worcester v. Georgia
-Rev. Samuel Worcester-GA arrested him -Sued GA, won in Court
-States lack power on res.
Chief Justice John Marshall
“…one of the great constitutional crises in the history of the nation.”
Jackson Ignored Marshall
Cherokee Removal
Chief John Ross Opposed
removal 16,000
signatures Wife died on
Trail of Tears Chief until 1860s
Trail of Tears
1838: ¼ Died on trip No compensation for property Cold, hunger, disease Some refused to go, remain in GA, NC, TN
Conclusions re: Indian affairs
1840s Indian Affairs shift to Plains Most Natives relocated east of
Miss. Seminole Wars in Florida Indian Nations above states Direct relations with federal gov’t.