Jackfruit seed powder supplementation attenuates high

sugar diet-induced hyperphagia and hyperglycemia in mice

Chayon Goswami1, Md. Kamrul Hasan Kazal1, Ohi Alam1, Romana Jahan1, Khadiza Khatun1,

Moriam Hossan1, Rakhi Chacrabati2

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural university,

Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;

chayon.goswami@bau.edu.bd, kazal43252@bau.edu.bd, ohi.alam24@gmail.com, romanajahan06@gmail.com,

mkhadiza.18@gmail.com, moriam1997@outlook.com.

2 Interdisciplinary Institute for Food Security, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;

rakhi.bau10@gmail.com.

https://www.medicinalplantsanduses.com/jackfruit-health-benefits-nutrition-facts

Introduction

➢ Jackfruit ranks third in area of cultivation and second in production

among the fruits of Bangladesh.

➢ Jackfruit seeds are normally discarded or sometimes kept for

consumption. As jackfruit is highly seasonal and seeds have a shorter

shelf life, hence go waste during the seasonal glut.

➢ Jackfruit seeds are a rich source of carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins,

minerals, and fiber (Goswami et al., 2010).

➢ High sugar diets consumption and sedentary lifestyle may induce an

excessive body weight gain which accelerates the obesity development

(Torres-Villalobos et al., 2015).

➢ Consuming high-sugar drinks and fast foods frequently could increase

the risk of having obesity and diabetes in humans (Oo et al., 2017, El-Wakkad et

al., 2012).

➢ Resistant starch present in jackfruit seeds may control blood sugar and

keep the gut healthy (Waghmare et al., 2019).

Objectives of the research

The present study was conducted-

• to evaluate the potential benefits of jackfruit seed powder (JSP)

supplementation to maintain glucose and lipid homeostasis.

• to reveal whether the jackfruit seed powder could prevent the

development of metabolic dysregulation caused by high-sugar diet.

Blood Glucose

Body Weight gain

Obesity

Diabetes

Jackfruit

seed

powder

Materials and Methods

1. Jackfruit seed powder preparation: Jackfruit seeds were cleaned, dried

and ground to prepare jackfruit seed powder (JSP).

2. Experimental animal: 4/5 weeks old healthy adult

male mice from ICDDR,B.

Mature

JackfruitJackfruit

seedsDried Jackfruit

seeds

Jackfruit seed

powder

A Swiss albino

mouse

Methodology

4. Data collection: Body weight, food and water intake, blood glucose,

glucose tolerance test (GTT), organ weight and blood parameters were

measured.

i) Normal Diet (ND) Control Group (Ulla et al., 2016)

ii) High sugar diet (HSD) with 30% sucrose

iii) High sugar diet (HSD) + 20% Jackfruit seed powder (JSP)

3. Formulation of different types of food: The following food groups

were employed for feeding trial (8 weeks).

5. Data analysis: Statistical analysis was performed by using unpaired

Student’s t-test using Graphpad Prism Software (Graph Pad Software,

San Diego, CA, USA).

Fig 9. Mice were allowed to ad libitum access to food. Food intake by mice was measured

weekly for a period of 8 weeks. ND: Normal Diet; HSD: High Sugar Diet and JSP:

Jackfruit Seed Powder. *p < 0.05 vs ND; #p < 0.05 vs HSD by one way ANOVA followed

by Tukey’s post-hoc test. Bars represent mean±SEM. n ≥ 3 for each group.

Effect of JSP on food intake of HSD-fed mice

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

Fo

od

In

tak

e (

g)/

mo

us

e/

we

ek

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

W e e k s

8

*

#

N D

H S D

H S D + J S P

*#

*

##

##

JSP supplementation attenuated HSD-induced hyperphagia

Fig 11. (A) Body weight was measured weekly for 8 weeks. (B) Body weight gain was

determined at the end of treatment. ND: Normal Diet; HSD: High Sugar Diet and JSP:

Jackfruit Seed Powder. #p < 0.05 vs HSD by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc

test. Bars represent mean±SEM. n ≥ 3 for each group.

Effect of JSP on body weight gain of HSD-fed mice

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

B

W (

g)

H S D H S D

+

J S P

#

N D

JSP supplementation counteracted the body weight gain in

HSD-fed mice

A B

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

Bo

dy

We

igh

t (g

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

W e e k s

8

N D

H S D

H S D + J S P

######

Fig 12. After i.p. administration of glucose (2mg/kg BW), glucose tolerance test was

performed at 55th day of the treatment. Blood glucose content was measured at 0, 15, 30,

60 and 120 min after i.p. glucose administration. The area under the curve (AUC) for

glucose tolerance test was quantified. ND: Normal Diet; HSD: High Sugar Diet and JSP:

Jackfruit Seed Powder. *p < 0.05 vs ND; #p < 0.05 vs HSD by one way ANOVA followed

by Tukey’s post-hoc test. Bars represent mean±SEM. n ≥ 3 for each group.

Effect of JSP on glucose tolerance in HSD-fed mice

0

1 0 0

2 0 0

3 0 0

4 0 0

Blo

od

Glu

co

se

(m

g/d

l)

N D

H S D

ip G lu c o s e

2 g /k g B W

0 15 30 60 1 2 0

T im e (M in )

H S D + J S P

A B

JSP supplementation with HSD improved glucose tolerance

5×103

10×103

15×103

20×103

AU

C

H S D H S D

+

J S P

*

#

N D

Fig 13. After 8 weeks of feeding experiment, animals were sacrificed and organs such as

(A) Liver, Heart and Kidney, (B) White and Brown adipose tissues were isolated and

weighed. ND: Normal Diet; HSD: High Sugar Diet and JSP: Jackfruit Seed Powder. #p <

0.05 vs HSD by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. Bars represent

mean±SEM. n ≥ 3 for each group.

Effect of JSP on organ weight of HSD-fed mice

A B

JSP supplementation significantly reduced the weight of WAT

and liver weight

0 .0

0 .2

0 .4

0 .6

0 .8

Ad

ipo

se

Tis

su

e W

eig

ht

(g)

W A T B A T

#

N D

H S D

H S D + J S P

0

1

2

3

4

Org

an

We

igh

t (g

)

L iv e r H e a rt K id n e y

#

N D

H S D

H S D + J S P

Fig 14. Blood lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density

lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were

measured. ND: Normal Diet; HSD: High Sugar Diet and JSP: Jackfruit Seed Powder. #p <

0.05 vs HSD by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. Bars represent

mean±SEM. n ≥ 3 for each group.

Effect of JSP on lipid profile of HSD-fed mice

0

5 0

1 0 0

1 5 0C

on

ce

ntr

ati

on

(m

g/d

L)

T C T G H D L L D L

N D

H S D

H S D + J S P

#

#

JSP supplementation significantly decreased total cholesterol

and triglycerides in HSD-fed mice

Important Findings

JSP supplementation in high sugar diet-fed mice-

✓ significantly reduced food intake and body weight

✓ improved glucose tolerance

✓ significantly decreased the weight of liver and WAT, and

✓ decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration

significantly

Conclusions

➢ The jackfruit seed powder could effectively sustain a normoglycemic

state against the development of diabetes and obesity.

➢ Jackfruit seed powder can be an alternative or complementary for

wheat flour to prepare ready-made food.

➢ Thus, jackfruit seed powder could be potentially used as a

supplemental diet to overcome the metabolic dysregulation in addition

to achieve food security.

Jackfruit seed

powder

Food Intake

Body weight

GTT

Lipid Profile

Maintain

glucose and

lipid

homeostasis

Regulation of

feeding center

and/or

Metabolism to

normalize HSD-

induced

dysregulation

Bioactive

compounds

??

Dietary

fiber SCFAs??