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•WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT AND SIMPLE THING THAT YOU CAN DO FOR YOUR IMMUNITY?

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•WHAT IS ONE INFECTIOUS DISEASE YOU KNOW ABOUT AND HOW TO PREVENT IT.

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•WHERE ARE MOST BACTERIUM FOUND?

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

INFECTIOUS DISEASES OR

WHY SHOULD YOU WASH YOUR HANDS

TYPES

BACTERIA - FUNGUS - VIRUS – PROTOZOAN- PARASITE

BACTERIA

•BACTERIA IS A ONE-CELLED ORGANISM THAT IS FOUND EVERYWHERE.

•BACTERIA LOVES TO LIVE IN WARM, DARK, AND MOIST PLACES.

•WHERE ON YOUR BODY DO YOU THINK BACTERIA WOULD LIKE TO LIVE?

BACTERIA• SOME COMMON DISEASES THAT ARE

CAUSED BY BACTERIA ARE

• STREP THROAT

• TUBERCULOSIS

• SINUS INFECTIONS

• URINARY TRACK INFECTIONS

• LUCKILY WE CAN KILL BACTERIA WITH ANTIBIOTICS.

• AN ANTIBIOTIC IS A DRUG THAT KILLS OR SLOWS DOWN THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA.

VIRUS• VIRUS IS THE SMALLEST DISEASES CAUSING ORGANISM.

•VIRUSES CAUSE DISEASES LIKE

•COMMON COLD

• INFLUENZA

•HEPATITIS

•CHICKEN POX

•MEASLES

•MUMPS

• EBOLA

VIRUS•UNLIKE BACTERIA, VIRUSES

CANNOT REPRODUCE BY THEMSELVES.

•VIRUSES CAN ONLY ATTACH THEMSELVES TO OTHER CELLS AND TAKES THEM OVER.

•ONCE THEY TAKE OVER THE CELLS THEY ARE THEN ABLE TO REPRODUCE AND CREATE MORE VIRUS CELLS.

VIRUS•WE CAN NOT KILL VIRUSES LIKE WE

CAN KILL BACTERIA WITH ANTIBIOTICS.

•ALTHOUGH WE DO HAVE VACCINATIONS TO HELP PREVENT A VIRUS.

•A VACCINE IS A SUBSTANCE THAT IS USED TO MAKE A PERSON IMMUNE TO A CERTAIN DISEASE.

VIRUS•WHEN SOMEONE GETS A VACCINE THEY ARE GIVEN A DEAD OR WEAKENED VIRUS GERM.

•ONCE THAT VIRUS IS IN THE BODY, THE IMMUNE SYSTEM STARTS TO FIGHT THE VIRUS BY CREATING ANTIBODIES.

EBOLA

•EBOLA IS SPREAD THROUGH DIRECT CONTACT WITH BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS OF A PERSON ALREADY SHOWING SYMPTOMS OF EBOLA. EBOLA IS NOT SPREAD THROUGH THE AIR, WATER, FOOD, OR MOSQUITOES.

•THE VIRUS IS TRANSMITTED TO PEOPLE FROM WILD ANIMALS AND SPREADS IN THE HUMAN POPULATION THROUGH HUMAN-TO-HUMAN TRANSMISSION.

EBOLA

FUNGUS•A FUNGUS RELIES ON OTHER LIVING OR DEAD ORGANISMS TO

SURVIVE.

•NEED TO KEEP AREA CLEAN AND DRY. POSSIBLY NEED FUNGAL CREAM.

•THE FOLLOWING ARE EXAMPLES OF FUNGUS

• YEAST

• MOLDS

• MILDEW

• ATHLETES FOOT

• RING WORM

PROTOZOA•A PROTOZOAN IS A SINGLE-CELLED ORGANISM, MUCH MORE

COMPLEX THAN A BACTERIUM.

•PROTOZOA INFECTIONS USUALLY COME FROM INFECTED WATER OR FOOD.

•NEED SPECIAL MEDICATION

•EXAMPLE OF A PROTOZOAN -WHY SHOULD YOU NEVER EVER DRINK UNFILTERED LAKE OR RIVER WATER?

• GIARDIA IS AN EXAMPLE OF A PROTOZOA INFECTION.

• MOST PEOPLE GET GIARDIA FROM DRINKING. CONTAMINATED WATER.

• GIARDIA CAUSES SEVER DIARRHEA.

PARASITE•A PARASITE IS AN ORGANISM THAT LIVES IN A HOST

ORGANISM.

•A PARASITE DRAWS NOURISHMENT FROM A HOST EVEN TO THE POINT OF KILLING THE HOST.

•SOME PARASITES CAN BE VERY LARGE.

•NEED SPECIAL MEDICATION.

•EXAMPLE OF A PARASITE• TAPEWORMS LIVE IN THE INTESTINES OF ANIMALS AND HUMANS.

• TAPEWORMS CONSUME THE NUTRIENTS THAT IS SUPPOSE TO GO TO THE HOST.

• OVERTIME THE HOST BECOMES MALNOURISHED BECAUSE THE TAPEWORM CONSUMES ALL NUTRIENTS.

ROUTES OF TRANSMISSION

Direct Skin-skin

Herpes type 1 Mucous-mucous

STI Across placenta

toxoplasmosis Through breast milk

HIV Sneeze-cough

Influenza

Indirect Food-borne

Salmonella Water-borne

Hepatitis A Air-borne

Chickenpox

Vector A carrier of an infectious agent

Ex. Malaria Parasite carried by Mosquito

Body fluids include

saliva, mucus, vomit, feces, sweat, tears, breast milk, urine, and semen.

1ST LINE OF DEFENSE

SkinMucous membranesTearsSalivaSweatStomach acid

BOOSTING 1ST LINE OF DEFENSE

Vitamin E

Washing hands

Not sharing drinks or chap stick

Hand sanitizer

2ND LINE OF DEFENSEPhagocytic cellsFeverInflammation

Group of tissues and organs to join up to fight (immune system)

BOOSTING 2ND LINE OF DEFENSE

Letting a fever go through its course

Vitamin C

B Complex vitamins

3RD LINE OF DEFENSE

Specific immune responseWhite Blood Cells

Lymphocytes- T and B

3RD LINE OF DEFENSE• IMAGINE THAT A VIRUS HAS ENTERED YOUR BODY.

• THE FOLLOWING IS WHAT YOUR BODY WOULD DO TO TRY AND STOP THE VIRUS.

1. CELLS CALLED MACROPHAGES ENGULF THE CELLS THAT HAVE BEEN INFECTED BY THE VIRUS.

2. THE MACROPHAGES SIGNAL CELLS CALLED T CELLS AND B CELLS.

3RD LINE OF DEFENSE3.THE T CELLS HELP IDENTIFY THE GERM. A

4.THE B CELLS NAME THE GERM. B

5.THE B CELLS ALSO PRODUCE ANTIBODIES, WHICH ARE SUBSTANCES THAT DESTROY GERMS. C

6.THESE ANTIBODIES CAN ONLY KILL THE SPECIFIC GERM THEY WERE CREATED TO KILL. D

BOOSTING 3RD LINE OF DEFENSE•HEALTHY FOODS

•BALANCED DIET

•WATER

•VITAMINS

•REDUCING STRESS

IMPACT OF ALL DISEASES

• SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL, PHYSICAL, MENTAL