J. C. Fernand

Western philosophy grounded in the 18th century. It held reason above all other abstracts or concepts of legitimacy.

This was not a singular school of thought, but rather a vast collection of rationality-based philosophies.

Took hold in Europe, the American Colonies, Russia, Scandinavia, parts of Latin America, and still some more.

Scholars refer to the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars as the endpoint(s) of the Age of Reason.

The great earthquake struck the Kingdom of Portugal on Saturday 1 1755.

Anywhere between 10,000 to 100, 000 people may have fallen because of it.

Besides that, the event severely disturbed the Kingdom’s colonial ambitions and strengthened pre-existing political tensions.

Modern geologists believe it may have reached close to a magnitude 9 on the moment magnitude scale.

The Lisbon Earthquake is the deadliest in recorded history.

Started 1793 June 27– Ended 1794 July 27 Extremely violent duration that lasted one year and

a month after the start of the French Revolution; based on political rivalry between Girondins and the Jacobins.

The Guillotine, otherwise known as “National Razor”.

16,000 to 40, 000 <estimated> dead Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, Antoine Lavoisier, etc. Execution of several Reign of Terror leaders,

including Robespierre, officially ended The Terror.

The Bastion de Saint-Antoine was originally built as a gate during the Hundred Years war and became a prison after the conflict was done.

The first king to send prisoners there was Louis XIII. Rumors began to spread amongst the common people

that a fair deal of arms and gunpowder were being stored there; they demanded to see this.

The storming of the Bastille, which occurred on July 14 1789, was one of the key events leading directly to the French Revolution.

July 14th is now celebrated annually as Fête Nationale or ‘Bastille Day’.

“I do not agree with what you have to say, but I'll defend to the death your right to say it.”

Born 1694 November 21 - Died 1778 May 30 (84yrs)Real name: Francois-Marie Arouet

“In order to know virtue, we must first acquaint ourselves with vice.”

Born 1740 June 2 – Died 1814 December 2 (74 yrs)Real Name: Donatien Alphonse François de Sade

Les 120 journées de Sodome or l'école du libertinage

“Only a man who has felt ultimate despair is capable of feeling ultimate bliss.”

Born 1802 July 24 – Died 1870 December 5 (68yrs)Real Name: Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie

“Nothing else in the world... not all the armies... is so powerful as an idea whose time has come.”

Born 1802 February 26 – 1885 May 22 (83 yrs)Real name: Victor-Marie Hugo

"Wildly my Mind beats against you, but my soul obeys."

Born 1868 May 6 – Died 1927 April 15 (58 yrs)Real Name: Gaston Louis Alfred Leroux

Le Fantôme de l'Opéra

The 120 Days of Sodom and Other Writings [Paperback] Marquis De Sade (Author), Richard Seaver Richard Seaver (Translator) (Translator), Austryn Wainhouse (Translator), Simone de Beauvoir (Introduction), Pierre Klossowski (Introduction)

Candide (Barnes & Noble Classics Series) by Voltaire, Gita May (Illustrator), Alan Odle (Illustrator), Henry Morley (Translator), Lauren Walsh (Translator) Count of Monte Cristo (abridged) (Barnes & Noble Classics Series) by Alexandre Dumas, Luc Sante (Introduction) Phantom of the Opera (Barnes & Noble Classics Series) by Gaston Leroux, Rachel Perkins (Illustrator), Isabel Roche (Introduction) The Man Who Laughs by Victor Hugo http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://phillips.blogs.com/photos/uncategorized/626guillotine.jpg&imgrefurl=http://qwickstep.com/search/guillotine-in-french-

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