IUCN-CEESP

• IUCN COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL POLICY

• SEAPRISE CEESP WORKING GROUP ON SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTABILITY OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR

• WORK WITH CIVIL SOCIETY, GOVERNMENTS AND INDUSTRY

EXTRACTS FROM DRAFT PRESENTATION

• BY

• HE AHMEDOU OULD ABDALLAH

• SPECIAL ADVISER FOR WEST AFRICA

• TO UN SECRETARY GENERAL

OIL – a most vital source of energy, despite

• Environmental concerns

• Its finite nature and price volatility

• Associated corrupt practices

• Security concerns

Africa’s Oil Production

• 1960’s – less than 10 million tons per year• Today – 376.4 million tons = 10.6% of the

world’s production • Nigeria produces 30% of Africa’s oil• 2003 – USA invested over $10 billion in

Sub-Saharan Africa.• By 2015 USA could be importing 25% of

its oil from Africa

Tensions in Oil Rich Areas

• Scramble for highly priced oil in the region.

• Delimitation and Demarcation of Inherited boundaries

• Corrupt practices

• States weakened by over dependence on oil

Disputes

• Between governments and oil companies on contracts and revenues.

• Between governments and their populations on revenues and redistribution.

• Between States on delimitations of borders and maritime boundaries.

• Disputes between oil companies.

Territorial Claims

• Gabon and Equatorial Guinea

• Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea

• Nigeria and Sao Tome and Principe

Transparency in the Oil Industry

Should help lessen tensions but can only succeed with external support

• Companies to publish what they pay to local Governments.

• Local Governments to convey how the oil revenue is used.

• Transparency to favour development prospects, which benefit all.

FINISH OF PRESENTATION OF EXTRACTS

HE AHMEDOU OULD ABDALLAH

SPECIAL ADVISER FOR WEST AFRICA

TO UN SECRETARY GENERAL

(WHOLE PRESENTATION IS AVAILABLE IN ENGLISH & PORTUGESE TRANSLATED IN

GUINEA BISSAU)

NIGERIA

• OIL PRODUCTION STARTED 50 YEARS AGO• NIGERIA RECEIVED OVER $300 BILLION FOR OIL • POPULATION OF 137 MILLION HAS ONE OF THE

LOWEST GDP IN THE WORLD• BETWEEN 9 AND 12 MILLION BARRELS OF OIL LOST

IN OIL SPILLS IN THE LAST 50 YEARS• IN 2004 MINISTER FOR OIL ESTIMATED NIGERIA

WAS LOSING $10 MILLION A DAY FROM OIL SPILLS SABOTAGE AND THIEFS

• WIDE SPREAD PROBLEMS WITH CIVIL SOCITY• MANY OIL INSTALLATIONS NOW CLOSED BY CIVIL

SOCIETY ACTION.

OIL IN FLARES IS FALLING ON CROPS, WATER AND PEOPLE

OIL SPILLS IN OGONI LAND

MECHANICAL PUMP SPRINKLING OIL ACROSS A CREEK AND VEGETATION

OIL SPILL RIGHT BY HOUSES IN WARRI

CAUSES OF OIL SPILLS

OIL SPILLS ARE CAUSED BY: • FAILURE TO FOLLOW INTERNATIONAL

STANDARDS• OLD EQUIPMENT NOT REPLACED IN TIME• POOR ENGINEERING STANDARDS• THIEFTS AND SABOTAGE

IN 2004 A NIGERIAN MINISTER ESTIMATED THAT TOTAL LOSSES FROM THESE CAUSES

WAS 150,000 BARRELS A DAY WORTH $10 MILLION A DAY

PEOPLE, PETROL, FISH,SHIPPING

HOW TO BE GOOD NEIGHBOURS

600,000 ARTISANAL FISHERMEN

5 MILLION PEOPLE DEPEND ON THEM

GUINEA BISSAUOIL AND GAS FIELDS

PROTECTED AREAS

CORAL REEFS, SEA GRASS PROTECTED AREAS &

OIL & GAS FIELDS

OIL IS SHORT TERM

• FINISH IN THE LIFE TIME OF OUR CHILDREN• PLAN FOR THE FUTURE AFTER OIL• FIT OIL INTO NATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY

STRATEGY• INVEST IN RENEWABLES

– AGRICULTURE/FORESTRY– FISHIERS/MARINE RESOURCES– ECO TOURISM– RENEWABLE ENERGY– EDUCATION AND HEALTH

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

• OIL COMPANIES MUST FOLLOW INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS-SEE IUCN PUBLICATION

• OIL POLLUTION CAN SEVERLY DAMAGE ENVIRONMENT-PARTICULARLY MARINE ECO SYSTEMS.

• POLLUTION CAN DESTROY THE ABILITY OF THE POOR TO SURVIVE

• POLLUTION IN ONE COUNTRY CAN DAMAGE OTHER COUNTRIES AND CAUSE CIVIL DISTURBANCES OR EVEN WARS

ENFORCEMENT

• DON’T RELY ON SELF REGULATION BY COMPANIES• CARRY OUT INDEPENDENT REVIEW OF ALL

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL STUDIES• HAVE A GOOD INFORCEMENT TEAM• ALLOW MINISTRIES RESPONSIBLE FOR

ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH, AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES TO TAKE ACTION ON POLLUTION AND HEALTH ISSUES.

• INSIST ON ADEQUATE INSURANCE COVER FOR ACCIDENTS AND SPILLS-FORCES COMPANIES TO BE CAREFUL

OIL, GAS AND MINING INDUSTRIES MUST

CONTRIBUTE TO

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT NOT

TO ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL APPRAISAL (SEA)

• CARRY OUT SEAS TO INSURE

• OIL PRODUCTION FITS INTO NATIONAL STRATEGIES AND DOES NOT DAMAGE RENEWABLE ACTIVITIES (MARINE RESOURCES).

• INTEGRATES ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS INTO STRATEGIC DECISION MAKING ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

• SEE MAP REQUESTED BY PRIME MINISTER OF MAURITANIA