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What is Biodiesel

ContentsWhat is Biodiesel Slide 3What is Biodiesel made From Slide 4How is Biodiesel Made Slide 5Where can Biodiesel be Used Slide 6How does Biodiesel compare to Mineral Diesel Slide 7 Do Engine Warranties cover the use of Biodiesel Slide 8What are the Specifications for Biodiesel Slide 9Disclaimer Slide 11End of Presentation Slide 12

Slide 2

What is Biodiesel?

A fuel made from renewable sources A fuel composed of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils, plant oils, or fats 100% Biodiesel is called B100

Slide 3

What is Biodiesel Made From?Biodiesel is made from triglycerides (oil) or fatty acids Typical sources of triglycerides include virgin vegetable oils, plant oils, used cooking oils, and animal fats Typical sources of fatty acids include Palm or Soybean Refining by-products often called “Acid Oil” or “Fatty Acid Distillates” Tall Oil a by-product of paper refining (Kraft Mill) can also be used Different fats and oils may be mixed in the biodiesel refining process The composition of the fats or oils may require the refining process to be calibrated to the feedstock mix (methanol and or catalyst percentage) The biodiesel fuel properties are influenced by the specific characteristics of the feedstock such as carbon chain length and degree of saturation or unsaturation

Slide 4

How is Biodiesel Made?Biodiesel is made via one of two processes:

Esterification of fatty acids Transesterification of triglycerides

Esterification uses methanol as the solvent and an acid catalyst to join the fatty acid molecule and the methanol molecule to produce a methyl ester

Esterification can be a multi-step process based on the free fatty acid contentEsterification reaction produces water as a by-product

Transesterification uses methanol as the solvent and a base catalyst to break the glycerin linkage to the fatty acid molecules (triglycerides) and replaces the linkage with a methanol molecule link Transesterification is either a one or two step process depending on the reaction conditions Transesterification produces a glycerol by-product

Slide 5

Where can Biodiesel be Used?Biodiesel can be blended with Mineral Diesel and used in the following:

Passenger vehicles Light trucks Over the road trucks Agricultural tractors Boats and ships Stationary electrical generators Modified gas turbines As a heating oil replacement

Slide 6

How does Biodiesel Compare to Mineral Diesel?

9-10% less energy than Mineral Diesel Averages 118,000 BTU/gallon compared to 130,000 for Mineral Diesel Biodiesel blends increase lubricity by up to 65% when compared to low sulphur diesel, better for engine, runs quieter Improved Emissions (according to EPA)

67% reduction in unburned Hydrocarbons 48% reduction in Carbon Monoxide 47% reduction in Particulate Matter

Cold Weather Performance not as good at Mineral Diesel B20 (20% biodiesel blend) will have a 2-5 degree C increase in Cold Filter Plug Point compared to Mineral Diesel

Slide 7

Do Engine Warranties Cover the use of Biodiesel?

All the major engine manufacturers have issued a warranty statement defining the use of biodiesel Typical warranties range from a 5% blend to 100% B100 usage The majorities of warranties cover up to a 20% blend In the EU biodiesel is blended up to 7.5% with mineral diesel per mandate In the US blends at the pump are either 5% or 20% Many tractor engines are warrantied up to 100% biodiesel use

Slide 8

What are the Specifications for Biodiesel?

There two primary standards for biodiesel globally The United States ASTM D6751 standard The European EN14214 standard

Most countries have adopted the EN 14214 specification All biodiesel must be laboratory tested and certified prior to sale Each batch produced is given a unique identifier to trace the fuel back to the manufacturer

Slide 9

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Walk through the ITS Biodiesel and Pre-treatment Refinery by visiting 3C-ITS.com

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DisclaimerThe information and all further technical advice is based on our present knowledge and experience. However, they imply no liability or other legal responsibility on our part, including with regards to existing third party intellectual property rights. In particular no warranty, whether express or implied of guarantee of product properties is intended or implied. We reserve the right to make any changes according to technological progress or further developments. The customer is not released from the obligation to conduct careful inspection and testing of incoming goods. Performance of the product described herein should be verified by testing, which should be carried out by qualified experts in the sole responsibility of the customer.

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T:  +1 913 302-6423, F:  +1 913 451-9231 E-mail: info@3C-ITS.comWeb: 3C-ITS.com 7541 W. 119th StreetOverland Park. Kansas. 66212, USA

John Anderson – Chief Operating OfficerE-mail: j.anderson@3C-ITS.comVOIP UK: +44 20 8123 2661VOIP USA +1 913 232 2277

Thank you for your attention.

Contact:David Blythe – Chief Technology OfficerE-mail: d.blythe@3C-ITS.comCell: +1 (402) 3040705