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![Page 1: Its All About Geography or Ed J. Christopher Midwestern Resource Center Federal Highway Administration 19900 Governors Drive Olympia Fields, IL 60461 708-283-3534.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e455503460f94b3a9b5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Its All About GeographyIts All About Geography
oror
Ed J. ChristopherMidwestern Resource Center
Federal Highway Administration19900 Governors Drive
Olympia Fields, IL 60461
708-283-3534
[email protected]@fhwa.dot.gov
September 7, 2005
Lets talk about Urban Area Lets talk about Urban Area BoundariesBoundaries
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TodayToday
Go Over Some BasicsGo Over Some Basics
Identify Any IssuesIdentify Any Issues
Try to Answer Your QuestionsTry to Answer Your Questions
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HandoutHandout
Frequently Asked QuestionsFrequently Asked Questions(March 31, 2003 version)(March 31, 2003 version)
o Definitions o Definitions
ooMapping UZA and MPA BoundariesMapping UZA and MPA Boundaries
oo MPO Designations for New Urbanized MPO Designations for New Urbanized AreasAreas
o Adjustments to Existing MPA o Adjustments to Existing MPA BoundariesBoundaries
oo Designation of New TMA’sDesignation of New TMA’s
oo Impacts on Plan and TIPImpacts on Plan and TIP
oo Air Quality Non-Attainment and Air Quality Non-Attainment and ConformityConformity
oo Impact on fundingImpact on funding
oo Adjustments to Urbanized Area Adjustments to Urbanized Area BoundaryBoundary
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Des Moines
Ankeny
Urbandale
West Des Moines
Johnston
CliveWaukee
Grimes
Altoona
Norwalk
Pleasant Hill
Carlisle
Bondurant
Windsor Heights
Polk City
Cumming
Special Thanks to the Des Moines Area Metropolitan Planning Organization
Water LayerCorporate Limits
N
Corporate Corporate LimitsLimits
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Des Moines
Ankeny
Urbandale
West Des Moines
Johnston
CliveWaukee
Grimes
Altoona
Norwalk
Pleasant Hill
Carlisle
Bondurant
Windsor Heights
Polk City
Cumming
Special Thanks to the Des Moines Area Metropolitan Planning Organization
Water LayerCorporate Limits1990 Urbanized Area Boundary N
1990 Urbanized 1990 Urbanized AreaArea
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Des Moines
Ankeny
Urbandale
West Des Moines
Johnston
CliveWaukee
Grimes
Altoona
Norwalk
Pleasant Hill
Carlisle
Bondurant
Windsor Heights
Polk City
Cumming
Special Thanks to the Des Moines Area Metropolitan Planning Organization
Water Layer1990 Urbanized Area Boundary
1990 Adjusted Urban Area Boundary N
1990 Adjusted 1990 Adjusted UrbanUrban
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Des Moines
Ankeny
Urbandale
West Des Moines
Johnston
CliveWaukee
Grimes
Altoona
Norwalk
Pleasant Hill
Carlisle
Bondurant
Windsor Heights
Polk City
Cumming
Special Thanks to the Des Moines Area Metropolitan Planning Organization
Water Layer1990 Urbanized Area Boundary
1990 Adjusted Urban Area Boundary
MPO Planning Area
N
MPO Planning MPO Planning AreaArea
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Des Moines
Ankeny
Urbandale
West Des Moines
Johnston
CliveWaukee
Grimes
Altoona
Norwalk
Pleasant Hill
Carlisle
Bondurant
Windsor Heights
Polk City
Cumming
Des Moines
Ankeny
Urbandale
West Des Moines
Johnston
CliveWaukee
Grimes
Altoona
Norwalk
Pleasant Hill
Carlisle
Bondurant
Windsor Heights
Polk City
Cumming
Special Thanks to the Des Moines Area Metropolitan Planning Organization
Water Layer1990 Urbanized Area Boundary
1990 Adjusted Urban Area Boundary
MPO Planning Area2000 Urbanized Area
N
2000 2000 UrbanizedUrbanizedBased on the preliminary Based on the preliminary criteriacriteria
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Why is this Important?Why is this Important?
Urbanized Urbanized AreaArea
Sets Population CountSets Population Count
for Moneyfor Money
to Identify MPOs / TMAsto Identify MPOs / TMAs
What's in – What's Not, but Could What's in – What's Not, but Could bebe
x
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Why is this Important?Why is this Important?
FEDERALY-Its NotFEDERALY-Its Not -But it was-But it was
Speed LimitsSpeed LimitsRoad FundingRoad FundingData ReportingData ReportingFunctional ClassificationsFunctional ClassificationsBillboard Control ???Billboard Control ???
For States and MPOs it’s a For States and MPOs it’s a Whole Different StoryWhole Different Story
Adjusted Adjusted UrbanUrban
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MPO Planning MPO Planning AreaArea
Why is this Important?Why is this Important?
Sets MPO Area ofSets MPO Area of
ResponsibilityResponsibility
For PlanningFor Planning
For ProgrammingFor Programming
Overall GovernanceOverall Governance
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Lets Look at ThisLets Look at This
FEDERALY-Its NotFEDERALY-Its Not -But is it?-But is it?
Data ReportingData ReportingFunctional ClassificationsFunctional Classifications
Crash Statistics---Mobility Study---FMSCA/NHTSACrash Statistics---Mobility Study---FMSCA/NHTSA
Adjusted UZA vs.. Adjusted UZA vs.. Census Census UZAUZA
Issue for Data Reporting: Everyone does it different
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Question FacingQuestion Facing
ALL of UsALL of Us
Do we reallyDo we really need to have anneed to have an Adjusted Boundary at all?Adjusted Boundary at all?
SAFETEALU appears to be quiet on this issue from SAFETEALU appears to be quiet on this issue from what I can find so farwhat I can find so far
Adjusted UZA vs. Adjusted UZA vs. Census Census UZAUZA
Issue for Data Reporting: Everyone does it different
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How was the UrbanizedHow was the Urbanized
Area Developed, byArea Developed, by
Who and Why?Who and Why?
The Census Bureau Did It!!!The Census Bureau Did It!!!
With a new Automated, Objective, With a new Automated, Objective, Deterministic GIS based ProcessDeterministic GIS based Process
Urbanized Urbanized AreaArea
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Definition of Urban and Rural
Since 1950, Criteria reviewed before each decennial census
Revisions reflect desire to improve urban/rural classification
Census Bureau identifies and tabulates data for the urban and rural population and territory solely for statistical presentation and comparison
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Historic Development – Urban/Rural
New Criteria for Census 2000March 28, 2001 Federal Register Notice
• Draft Criteria• Substantial Number of Comments
July 27, 2001 Federal Register Notice• Extended the Comment Period
March 15, 2002 Federal Register Notice• Final Criteria
Federal Register Notices can be obtained at:www.census.gov/geo/www/ua/ua_2k.html
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Census 2000 Urban/Rural Delineation Process
Designed to permit use of GIS software to determine the urban blocks• Multi-step Process
• Eliminates subjectivity
• Requires uniform information nationwide
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1990 Urban/Rural Criteria
Urbanized Areas• Place or places and adjacent densely settled
surrounding territoryUrban Places
• Incorporated or Census Designated Places outside an urbanized area with a population greater than 2,500 people
Rural• Everything else
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Census 2000 Urban and Rural
Urbanized Areas (UA)
• Densely settled core created from block groups or census blocks, and the adjacent densely settled surrounding territory up to 5 miles from the continuously developed core (with a density of 500 people per square mile) that together have a minimum population of 50,000 people.
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Census 2000 Urban and Rural
Urban Clusters (UC) -- Urban Place•Densely settled core created from
block groups or census blocks, and the adjacent densely settled surrounding territory (with a density of 500 people per square mile) that together have a minimum of 2,500 people but fewer than 50,000 people.
-----------
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Major Changes to Urban/Rural Criteria
No Grandfathering• 2000 UA/UCs delineated from scratch and do not
automatically recognized previously existing (1990) urban territory
Why?• A consistent set of areas• Eliminate misinterpretations and errors from
previous delineations done clerically that used complex and fairly subjective criteria
• GIS technology now allows automated delineation
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22
Major Changes to Urban/Rural Criteria
Reduced Population Density Requirement in Adjoining Territory• 500 people per square mile rather than previous
1,000 people per square mile
Why• Account for common use of “green space”
• Lessen impact of large census block groups/blocks with an undeveloped portion
• Qualify areas with mixed land use in the same block
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Major Changes to Urban/Rural Criteria
Jump Distance Increase/Added Hop Concept• Jump distance increased from 1.5 to 2.5 miles and
added the concept of an unmeasured break called a hop
Why• Increased jump distance takes into account
improved transportation networks and more prevalent use of “green space”
• Hops connect discontiguous qualifying areas where only a short distance (up to ½ mile) separates them because of parks, schools, and other non-residential land use. (Formalizes past practice)
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Major Changes to Urban/Rural Criteria
Replaced Urban Places with Urban Clusters (UCs)• UCs are lesser populated versions of UAs and are
delineated using the same criteria in an automated environment
Why• Use of places introduced bias depending on a state’s
annexation and incorporation laws• Urban areas are now built from geographic entities
objectively and equitably• Depict settlement patters in and around areas with a
population of 2,500 or more
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Implications for TransportationImplications for Transportation
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New MPOs New MPOs (UZA)(UZA)
Census UZA Published (May 1, Census UZA Published (May 1, 2002)2002)
12 Month Gestation Period12 Month Gestation PeriodGovernance--Governance--Bylaws, Membership, Bylaws, Membership,
Planning Area Planning Area Developing Work Developing Work
PlanPlan Work with State on Work with State on TIPTIP
Three-years out (Oct. 2005)Three-years out (Oct. 2005)
Meet All Planning Meet All Planning RequirementsRequirements
(23 CFR 450)(23 CFR 450)
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New TMAs New TMAs (UZA)(UZA)
July 8July 8thth (2002) (2002) Secretary DesignatedSecretary Designated in in Federal RegisterFederal Register
TMA Funds FlowTMA Funds Flow Regardless of Regardless of DesignationDesignation
CMS RequiredCMS Required within within 1212 Months (July Months (July 2003)2003)
Three years out--Federal Three years out--Federal CertificationCertification
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Expanded MPOs & TMAsExpanded MPOs & TMAsMost Issues are Case by CaseMost Issues are Case by Case
Could Change BoardsCould Change Boards
Revisit Your BylawsRevisit Your Bylaws
MPO Planning Area MPO Planning Area AdjustmentsAdjustments
Formal Re-designation ???Formal Re-designation ???
Contact: John Humeston 404-562-3667Contact: John Humeston 404-562-3667
All MPA Boundaries should be done by nowAll MPA Boundaries should be done by now
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Adjusted UZAAdjusted UZA
Functional ClassificationFunctional Classification
Handled by States and Responsible LocalsHandled by States and Responsible Locals
Agree to “Urban Area” BoundaryAgree to “Urban Area” Boundary
Update Functional ClassificationsUpdate Functional Classifications
Submit through FHWA DivisionsSubmit through FHWA Divisions
Major Principal Arterial Changes ApprovedMajor Principal Arterial Changes Approved
by FHWA HQby FHWA HQ
No Statutory Timeline or DeadlinesNo Statutory Timeline or Deadlines BUT…BUT…
Contact: Bob Gorman 202-366-5001Contact: Bob Gorman 202-366-5001
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Functional ClassificationFunctional Classification Adjusted UZAAdjusted UZA
Think about whatThink about what is going on with allis going on with all the data that we allthe data that we all want and the analysis we want to want and the analysis we want to do!do!
Adjusted UZA vs. Adjusted UZA vs. Census Census UZAUZA
1990 UZA1990 UZA 1990 Adjusted UZA1990 Adjusted UZA
2000 UZA2000 UZA 2000 Adjusted UZA2000 Adjusted UZA
Some Flip FlopSome Flip Flop
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HPMS Data ReportingHPMS Data Reporting
At least Update to 2000 At least Update to 2000 Urbanized Area (UZA) or Urbanized Area (UZA) or
Adjusted UZA and let Adjusted UZA and let youryour FHWA Division knowFHWA Division know
ASAPASAP
Contact: Paul Svercl 202-366-5036Contact: Paul Svercl 202-366-5036
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Funding and Financial IssuesFunding and Financial Issues
New Pop Numbers UsedNew Pop Numbers Used
CMAQCMAQ
(PL)(PL)
STP AttributableSTP Attributable
FTA—53xxFTA—53xx
Could be changing due to SAFETEALUCould be changing due to SAFETEALU
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CMAQ FundingCMAQ Funding
Based on county population in Based on county population in non- non- attainment and attainment and maintenance areasmaintenance areas
Adjusted for severityAdjusted for severity
Could be changing due to SAFETEALUCould be changing due to SAFETEALU
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PL Funding DistributionPL Funding DistributionTo StatesTo States
Based on % of Urbanized Based on % of Urbanized Population of nationPopulation of nation
To MPOsTo MPOs
Based on State formulaBased on State formula
State Formulas Due Oct 1State Formulas Due Oct 1
Could be changing due to SAFETEALUCould be changing due to SAFETEALU
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STP Attributable FundingSTP Attributable Funding50% of STP funds to areas 50% of STP funds to areas
based based on share of populationon share of population
To TMAs based on the To TMAs based on the percentage percentage of states of states populationpopulation
Further sub allocated based Further sub allocated based on on percentage of each TMApercentage of each TMA
Could be changing due to SAFETEALUCould be changing due to SAFETEALU
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FTA Issues ContinuedFTA Issues Continued5307 (New TMAs)5307 (New TMAs)
Funds go Directly to AreaFunds go Directly to Area
Operating Not Eligible Operating Not Eligible (Note)(Note)One-percent Must be One-percent Must be
EnhancementsEnhancements
5307 (New Under 200K Areas)5307 (New Under 200K Areas)
5307 Used Instead of 5311 and 5307 Used Instead of 5311 and Commingled based on trip O/DCommingled based on trip O/D
Contact: Contact: Mary Martha Churchman 202-366-Mary Martha Churchman 202-366-20532053
Could be changing due to SAFETEALUCould be changing due to SAFETEALU
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Outdoor Advertising Outdoor Advertising RequirementsRequirements
Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1958 Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1958 Control of Outdoor Advertising Control of Outdoor Advertising
beganbegan
In 1975 Control tied to UZAIn 1975 Control tied to UZA
Coordinated with the States Coordinated with the States (State/Federal (State/Federal
agreements)agreements)
Federal Contact: Brian O’Neill 202-366-Federal Contact: Brian O’Neill 202-366-98819881 Could be changing due to SAFETEALUCould be changing due to SAFETEALU
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http://www.gis.fhwa.dot.gov/http://www.gis.fhwa.dot.gov/
Where Can I See My Where Can I See My Boundaries?Boundaries?
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