ITP 506 Issue Mutakhir Industri Pangan fileMPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB 11/12/2011 Purwiyatno...
Transcript of ITP 506 Issue Mutakhir Industri Pangan fileMPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB 11/12/2011 Purwiyatno...
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 1
http://seafast.ipb.ac.id/academic-lectures/311-itp-506-isu-mutakhir-teknologi-pangan/
ITP 506Issue Mutakhir Industri Pangang
Current Issues & Development on
http://seafast.ipb.ac.id/academic-lectures/311-itp-506-isu-mutakhir-teknologi-pangan/
Development on Food Technology/ Food Process Engineering
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 2
What is Food Science/Food Technologyww
www,ift.org
Food Science Food Science is the discipline in which biology, physical sciences, and engineering are used to study the nature of foods, the causes of their deterioration, and the principles underlying food processing.
g
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Food TechnologyFood Technology is the application of food science to the selection, preservation, processing, packaging, distribution, and use of safe, nutritious, and wholesome food.
What is Food (Process) Engineering?
• Food engineering is a broad field that is concerned with the application of engineering principles and concepts to the handling, manufacturing, processing and distribution of foods.
• This relatively new branch of engineering encompasses the knowledge required to design
d t f ffi i t f d h i
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
processes and systems for an efficient food chain extending from the producer to the consumer
• (R P Singh, Professor of Food Engineering, University of California at Davis)
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 3
What is Food (Process) Engineering?
• Food process engineering is concerned with feasibility andconcerned with feasibility and practicality, that is, will something work and how much will it cost?
• Food engineers are educated to analyze, synthesize, design, and operate complex
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
y g p psystems that manipulate mass, energy, and information to transform material and energy into useful form
• (Valentas, Levine and Clark, 1991).
•• MemperpanjangMemperpanjang keawetankeawetan ((long shelf lifelong shelf life))•• KetersediaanKetersediaan lebihlebih lama lama
TUJUAN ????TUJUAN ????
•• MudahMudah ((convenienceconvenience))•• PenampakanPenampakan lebihlebih baikbaik•• TeksturTekstur lebihlebih baikbaik•• Flavor Flavor lebihlebih baikbaik•• GiziGizi lebihlebih baikbaik
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
•• AmanAman -- mikrobiologimikrobiologi, , kimiakimia, , fisikfisik, , psikologispsikologis•• ????????
Food TechnologyProviding better value of foods
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 4
TUJUAN ????TUJUAN ????
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Food TechnologyProviding better value of foods
TUJUAN ????TUJUAN ????
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Food TechnologyProviding better value of foods
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 5
Konsep (value) Industry? •• BahanBahan mentahmentah berkualitasberkualitas rendahrendahmutumutu rendahrendah
penangananpenanganan sembarangansembarangan, , dlldll
P P l h j l kP P l h j l k
TUJUAN ???? = f(banyak faktor)TUJUAN ???? = f(banyak faktor)
•• Proses Pengolahan yang jelekProses Pengolahan yang jeleksanitasi kurang baiksanitasi kurang baik
praktek pengolahan kurang baik, dllpraktek pengolahan kurang baik, dll
•• Pengemasan yang tidak baikPengemasan yang tidak baikpemilihan pengemas salah pemilihan pengemas salah
proses pengemasan kurang baik, dllproses pengemasan kurang baik, dll
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
•• Penyimpanan/distribusi/ display Penyimpanan/distribusi/ display kurang baikkurang baik
pengendalian suhu tidak baikpengendalian suhu tidak baikpengendalian kelembaban kurangpengendalian kelembaban kurang
penanganan tidak baik, dllpenanganan tidak baik, dll
BerbagaiBerbagai Food (Process) EngineeringUntukUntuk PengawetanPengawetan•• For better value of foodsFor better value of foods
•• PemanasanPemanasan•• PendinginanPendinginan•• PengeringanPengeringan•• FermentasiFermentasi•• Pengaturan pHPengaturan pH
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
•• Penambahan bahan Penambahan bahan pengawetpengawet
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 6
BerbagaiBerbagai Food (Process) EngineeringUntukUntuk PengawetanPengawetan•• For better value of foodsFor better value of foods
•• PemanasanPemanasanPenemuan apiPengolahan dengan suhu tinggiMerupakan salah satu teknik pengawetan yang sangat populer
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
populer
-- memasak makanan/memasak makanan/cookingcooking--1810 : Nicholas Appert1810 : Nicholas Appert
PENGOLAHAN DENGAN SUHU TINGGI
pppp-- ilmu pengawetan makananilmu pengawetan makanan
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
AppertizationAppertization
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 7
Mik bMik b
PENGOLAHAN DENGAN SUHU TINGGI
Makhluk hidup tidak dapat tumbuh pada lingkunganyang ekstrimMakhluk hidup tidak dapat tumbuh pada lingkunganyang ekstrim
Mikroba penyebab kebusukan
Mikroba penyebab kebusukan
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
y gMikroba akan mati jika lingkungan di sekitarnya tidakmendukungCara mengendalikan yang paling mudah adalahdengan mengatur suhu
y gMikroba akan mati jika lingkungan di sekitarnya tidakmendukungCara mengendalikan yang paling mudah adalahdengan mengatur suhu
THERMAL STERILIZATION OF FOODSTHERMAL STERILIZATION OF FOODS
CANNING : Conventional Heat processing/SterilizationCANNING : Conventional Heat processing/Sterilization
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 8
Dasar Kinetika Optimasi Pengolahan Pangan dengan PanasDasar Kinetika Optimasi Pengolahan Pangan dengan Panas
kNkNdtdtdNdN −−== Pers. 1Pers. 1
tt303303,,22kk--NNloglogNNloglog 00 ⎟⎟
⎠⎠
⎞⎞⎜⎜⎝⎝
⎛⎛== Pers. 2Pers. 2
⎞⎞⎛⎛ EE
DimanaDimana,, NN : : kuantitaskuantitas ((jumlahjumlah//konsentrasikonsentrasi) ) substratsubstrat atauatau m.om.oNN00 : : kuantitaskuantitas awalawal
⎟⎟⎠⎠⎞⎞
⎜⎜⎝⎝⎛⎛
== RTRT--EaEa
eeAAkk Pers. 3Pers. 3
⎟⎟⎠⎠⎞⎞
⎜⎜⎝⎝⎛⎛⎟⎟
⎠⎠
⎞⎞⎜⎜⎝⎝
⎛⎛==TT11
RR2,3032,303EaEa--A A loglogkkloglog Pers. 4Pers. 4
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
tt : : periodeperiode (lama) (lama) reaksireaksiAA : : konstantakonstanta Arrhenius (Arrhenius (faktorfaktor frekuensifrekuensi))EaEa : : energienergi aktivasiaktivasiRR : : konstantakonstanta gasgaskk : : konstantakonstanta lajulaju reaksireaksiTT : : suhusuhu mutlakmutlak ((dalamdalam K)K)
Log k
Kemiringan = -Ea1/R
1
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
1/T
1
Pengaruh suhu thd kecepatan reaksi ?
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 9
Ketahanan berbagai komponen pangan terhadap Ketahanan berbagai komponen pangan terhadap suhusuhu
KomponenKomponen NilaiNilai Z (Z (ooFF)) NilaiNilai EEaa (Kcal/mol)(Kcal/mol) NilaiNilai DD121121 ((menitmenit))
VitaminVitamin 4444 -- 5555 2020 -- 3030 100100 -- 10001000VitaminVitamin 44 44 5555 20 20 3030 100 100 10001000
CitarasaCitarasa,,teksturtekstur,, 45 45 -- 8080 10 10 -- 3030 5 5 -- 500500flavorflavor
SelSel vegetatifvegetatif 8 8 -- 1212 100 100 -- 120120 0.002 0.002 -- 0.020.02
SS 1212 2222 5353 8383 0 10 1 5 05 0
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Ingat : Ingat : k k ………..….………..….> D> DEEaa
……………………> Z> Z
SporaSpora 12 12 -- 2222 53 53 -- 8383 0.1 0.1 -- 5.05.0
Lund (1977)Lund (1977)Lund (1977)Lund (1977)
Log k
Kemiringan = -E /R; E >E
Kemiringan = -Ea1/R
1
Kemiringan = -Ea2/R; Ea1>Ea2
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
1/T
1
Pengaruh suhu thd kecepatan reaksi ?
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 10
T1
Kurva Kematian Termal pada Suhu Konstant, T1
KINETIKA
T >T
D1
D1
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Bagaimana jika suhu pemanasan pada T2 >T1???
T2>T1
Semakin tinggi T .......> semakin kecil nilai DD=f(T)
KINETIKA ............>D = f(T)
Secara empiris:
ZT-1.121
DDlog
0
=
Nilai Z adalah perubahan suhu (ΔT) yang diperlukan untuk mengubah nilai D sebesar 1 siklus logNilai Z = 18oF = ? oC
⎥⎦⎤
⎢⎣⎡
= ZT-121.1
0 10DD
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 11
KINETIKA ............> 2 parameter kinetika
D dan Z .................> perlu selalu diketahui dua-duanya!
Misal Mikroba A mempunyai DA,250F = 0.5 menitMikroba B mempunyai DB 250F = 1 menit
DA=DB DA<DBDA>DB
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Nila
i D(m
enit)
B A
oba e pu ya B,250F e tApa artinya?
ZA = 10oC; ZB = 20oCSuhu (C) DA (menit) DB (Menit)
80.1 5000 10090.1 500
101.1 50 10
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Suhu (oC)
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0 50 100 150 200
121.1 0.5 1131.1 0.05141.1 0.005 0.1151.1 0.0005161.1 0.00005 0.01
111.1 5
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 12
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Optimasi Optimasi ProsesProsesTermalTermal
Suhu : Tinggi Suhu : Tinggi Waktu : SingkatWaktu : Singkat
Syarat:Syarat:Proses pindah panasProses pindah panasProses pindah panas Proses pindah panas
(pemanasan/pendinginan) (pemanasan/pendinginan) dengan cepatdengan cepat
PengalenganPengalengan
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
PengalenganPengalenganKonvensional:Konvensional:-- h, k rendahh, k rendah-- pengaruh pengaruh
bahan bahan pengemaspengemas
Teknik/Kiat Teknik/Kiat “BARU”“BARU”
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 13
KiatKiat--kiat baru:kiat baru:Teknik Sterilisasi/Pasteurisasi Mutakhir?Teknik Sterilisasi/Pasteurisasi Mutakhir?
ArahArah
Proses sterilisasi yang sinambung: Aseptic ProcessingProses sterilisasi yang sinambung: Aseptic Processing
PemanasanPemanasan LangsungLangsung PemanasanPemanasan TidakTidak LangsungLangsung
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
PemanasanPemanasan LangsungLangsungSteam InjectionSteam Infusion
Di(electric) & Microwave heatingEtc :
http://www.fda.gov/Food/ScienceResearch/ResearchAreas/SafePracticesforFoodProcesses/ucm100158.htm
PemanasanPemanasan TidakTidak LangsungLangsung•• PemilihanPemilihan dandan optimasioptimasi HEHE
ASEPTIC THERMAL PROCESSING*)ASEPTIC THERMAL PROCESSING*)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
*) diusahakan ada kuliah tamu : Tetrapak
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 14
ASEPTIC THERMAL PROCESSINGASEPTIC THERMAL PROCESSING
KEUNTUNGAN:KEUNTUNGAN:
•• Proses sinambungProses sinambung•• Pemanasan dan pendinginan lebih cepat (Pemanasan dan pendinginan lebih cepat (tidak tidak
ada penghalang panas oleh pengemasada penghalang panas oleh pengemas))•• Lebih hemat energiLebih hemat energi•• Pilihan bahan pengemas lebih bervariasiPilihan bahan pengemas lebih bervariasi
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
•• “CIP”“CIP”
PROFIL LAJU ALIRAN PROFIL LAJU ALIRAN →→ SHP: COLDEST POINTSHP: COLDEST POINT
ALIRAN LAMINAR, ALIRAN LAMINAR, Re < 2100Re < 2100
VVmaxmax = 2= 2vmax max
ALIRAN TURBULEN, ALIRAN TURBULEN, Re < 4000Re < 4000
VVmax max = F (Re)= F (Re)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
0.662(Re)log036.0V
Vmax
+= 82.0~V
v10000,Remax
>
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 15
NON NON -- NEWTONIAN ?NEWTONIAN ?
dVdV ⎞⎞⎛⎛
nn33nnnn22nn
GG 22nn3311
nnKKvvDDReRe −−
−−
⎟⎟⎠⎠⎞⎞
⎜⎜⎝⎝⎛⎛
++ρρ
==
drdrdVdVKK ⎟⎟
⎠⎠⎞⎞
⎜⎜⎝⎝⎛⎛==ττ
Generalized ReGeneralized Re
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Untuk aliran laminar: Untuk aliran laminar: ⎟⎟⎠⎠⎞⎞
⎜⎜⎝⎝⎛⎛
++++
==nn3311
nn11VV
vvmaxmax
FDA: FDA: Perhitungan Proses Termal; letalitasPerhitungan Proses Termal; letalitashanya didasarkan pada pemanasan pada Holding Tubehanya didasarkan pada pemanasan pada Holding Tube
ProdukProdukSSHESSHE
Sumber Uap PanasSumber Uap PanasPositive Positive Displ. PumpDispl. Pump
Produk Produk MentahMentah
Holding Holding Tube Tube
SSHESSHE
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Sumber Sumber Air DinginAir Dingin
Produk Produk SterilSteril TThoho
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 16
LETALITAS:LETALITAS:
vv22LL
1010
11
1010
ttFFZZ
TT250250ZZ
TT250250minmin
hohohoho⎥⎥⎦⎦⎤⎤
⎢⎢⎣⎣⎡⎡ −−
⎥⎥⎦⎦⎤⎤
⎢⎢⎣⎣⎡⎡ −−
====
TThoho == Suhu pada Holding Tube (diukur pada “outlet”)Suhu pada Holding Tube (diukur pada “outlet”)L =L = Panjang Holding Tube Panjang Holding Tube
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
ILUSTRASIILUSTRASI
140140ooCC
Diketahui: Diketahui: DD121.1121.1 = 1 menit= 1 menitZ = 10Z = 10ooCC
Cek: Apakah kondisi sterisasi komersial Cek: Apakah kondisi sterisasi komersial telah tercapai? (Proses 12 D)telah tercapai? (Proses 12 D)
00 2323Waktu (detik)Waktu (detik)
55 1515
Jawab :Jawab :Proses 12 D Proses 12 D →→ FFoo = 12 D= 12 D121.1121.1
FF00 = 12 menit= 12 menit
⎟⎟⎠⎠⎞⎞
⎜⎜⎝⎝⎛⎛ −−
==
ZZTT11..1211211010
ttFF00hoho
minmin
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
∴∴ Sterilisasi komersial telah tercapaiSterilisasi komersial telah tercapai
menitmenit12.912.9dtdt22..776776
1010140140--121.1121.11010
dtdt1010FF00 ====⎟⎟⎠⎠⎞⎞
⎜⎜⎝⎝⎛⎛
==
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 17
PEMANASAN LANGSUNG DENGAN CULINARY STEAMPEMANASAN LANGSUNG DENGAN CULINARY STEAM
•• STEAM INJECTIONSTEAM INJECTION•• STEAM INFUSIONSTEAM INFUSION
Rule of Thumb Rule of Thumb →→ Pengenceran Pengenceran ≈≈ 10%10%→→ FormulasiFormulasi→→ FormulasiFormulasi→→ EvaporasiEvaporasi
++ Low initial costLow initial costPemanasan sangat cepat (instaneously!)Pemanasan sangat cepat (instaneously!)Pergerakan minimumPergerakan minimumKeperluan ruang minimumKeperluan ruang minimumNo moving partNo moving part
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
g pg p
–– PengenceranPengenceranCulinary Steam: Culinary Steam: Boiler?Boiler?
Pengendalian “Boiler Chemical”Pengendalian “Boiler Chemical”Sulit Pengendalian T: aspek Trial & ErrosSulit Pengendalian T: aspek Trial & Erros
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 18
Trend ofTrend ofAlternative Food Processing Technologies
…… ift’s report
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
http://www.fda.gov/Food/ScienceResearch/ResearchAreas/SafePracticesforFoodProce
sses/ucm100158.htm
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 19
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
http://www.fda.gov/Food/ScienceResearch/ResearchAreas/SafePracticesforFoodProcesses/ucm100158.htm
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 20
Alternative Food Processing Technologies
• Microwave and Radio Frequency• Ohmic and Inductive Heating• High Pressure Processing• Pulsed Electric Field• High Voltage Arc Discharge• Pulsed Light
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
g• Ultraviolet Light• Ultrasound• X-Rays
http://www.fda.gov/Food/ScienceResearch/ResearchAreas/SafePracticesforFoodProcesses/ucm100158.htm
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 21
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 22
Berpeluangmengganggu
Gelombang mikroBerdekatan danTumpang tindih
Penggunaan MWperlu diatur
PENGGUNAAN GEL MIKRO (MICROWAVE/MW)UNTUK KEPERLUAN INDUSTRI :
proseskomunikasi
Tumpang tindihDengan kisaran
Gelombang radio
oleh badanyang berwenang,
Mis. Di AS : Federal Communication Commissionmemperbolehkan pemakaian 4 frekuensi MW :22150, 5800, 2450 dan 915 MHz
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
22150, 5800, 2450 dan 915 MHzPaling banyak : 915 dan 2450 MHz
Inggris : 915 dan 2450 MHz Jerman : 27,12; 433,92 dan 2450 MHzEropa Timur: 2375 MHz
dipantulkan oleh metaldiserap (diubah menjadi panas) oleh dielektrik : internal heating
(Molecular friction).
PEMANASAN DIELEKTRIK (& GEL MIKRO)
δ
Generator(Oscilator)
+/-
+/-
Bahanpangan
H H
H H
O
O
δ-
δ+δ+δ+δ+
δ-
“Perub.Orientasipolarisasi”
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
+/-++
Ionicdisplacement
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 23
Listrik Panas Konversi Energi
P = 2π(εo)( ε’) tan δE2f( o)( )P = 5.56x10-13 (ε’) tan δE2f
P = jumlah panas yang diproduksi per satuan volume [=] W/m3
εo= permitivity of free spaceε’ = konstanta dielektrik
(sifat fisik bahan yang berhubungandengan polaritas atau Σ dipole)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
δ = loss angleE = kekuatan medan listrik [=] volts/mf = frekuensi (hz, s-1)ε’ tan δ = ε’’ = loss factor
LOSS FACTOR ∈ε” = f (SUHU, FREKUENSI)
35MashedPotatoes
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
20406080100120140160 450 MHz
900 MHz
2700 MH
Cookedcarrots
H2O
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
-20 0 20 40 600
5
-20 20 40 60020 2700 MHz
SUHU (oC)
2
SUHU (oC)
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 24
DAYA PENETRASI GEL MIKRO = d
tanδε'2πλd o=
λo = panjang gelombang
Kedalaman penetrasi, d[=] cmKadar air ε’ 915 MHz 2450 MHz
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
tinggi 15 8,4 3,1sedang 4 11,7 4,4rendah 1,5 22,1 8,2
PENINGKATAN SUHU DALAM PRODUK
Jumlah panas yang diperlukanuntuk meningkatkan suhu produk sebesar ΔT
Q = mc ΔTQ = ρVcΔT atau ΔT= Q/ρVcdimana V = volume
Jumlah panas yang diproduksi oleh pemanasan gel mikro :Q = PVΔtQ = (5.56 x 10-13 ε” E2 f)VΔt
Jadi, ΔT = 5.56 x 10-13
ε”c E2 f Δt
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
untuk pemanasan gel mikro yang sama,ρc
ΔT = ≈ ε”ρc
= f (Komponen bahan pangan)
homogenitas pemanasan = homogenitas bahan pangan
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 25
Konfigurasi sistem sterilisasi/pasteurisasi dgn pemanasandielektrik dan gelombang mikro
MW Generator
WaveguideTreatmentChamber
Conveyor belt
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
MW generator (magnetron) : merubah energi listrik menjadi gel. MikroWaveguide : memfocuskan pancaran m.w (terowongan dari tabung Al)Treatment chamber: ruang tertutup/terlindung oleh logam
KARAKTERISTIK PEMANASAN GEL MIKRO • Memanaskan daerah yang mengandung air• Pemanasan berlangsung cepat• Tidak menyebabkan “gosong”pada permukaan• Mudah/Praktis
APLIKASI SPESIFIK PEMANASAN GEL. MIKRO :
• Cocok untuk mengeringkan bahan setengah keringContoh :
Pasta- waktu pengeringan turun dari 8 jam menjadi 90 menit- jumlah bakteri 15 kali lebih kecil- tidak mengalami case hardening
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
- tidak mengalami case hardeningBiji-bijian : terutama untuk Benih
- meningkatkan laju germinasi
Mengeringkan bagian dalam (tanpa overcooked dipermukaan)
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 26
APLIKASI PEMANASAN GEL. MIKRO (UMUM):
•Rumah tangga : microwave oven
•Komersial4Pemanasan tanpa merubah sifat-sifat dasar produk :
th i & d f i (t i )thawing & defrosing (tempering)
4Pemanasan dengan merubah sifat-sifat dasar produk :Pengembangan adonan & pemangganganPemblansiran buah/sayuran : inativasi enzimPemasakan (cooking)Roasting (untuk kacang-kacangan)
4Pengeringan : Dehidrasi pada tekanan normal
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
4Pengeringan : Dehidrasi pada tekanan normalDehidrasi pada tekanan vakum
4Inaktivasi Mikroba :Sterilisasi & Pasteurisasi (kurang sukses ! :
masih dalam penelitian!)
APLIKASI PEMANASAN GEL. MIKRO PADA PROSES PEMANGGANGAN
Utama : ~ membantu proses pengeringan lanjut
Proses pemanggangan dimulai dengan oven tradisional (mengg. udara panas) :
Efektif untuk produk dengan kadar air tinggi
Dengan semakin menurunnya kadar air :efektifitas oven menuruncase hardening?!
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
case hardening?!
Pengeringan/pemanggangan selanjutnya : oven gel. Mikromengeringkan bag dalam (tanpa “overcooked” di permukaan)
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 27
APLIKASI PEMANASAN GEL. MIKRO PADA PROSES THAWING :
☺ Konduktivitas panas air < konduktivitas panas esProses pencairan : menurunkan proses pindah panas
☺ Loss factor air > loss factor es
Proses pencairan : menaikan kadar air dan loss factor>>mempercepat proses pemanasan
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
p p p p
☺ Problem : Pada bahan baku yang ukuran besar- proses pencairan tidak seragam- mengakibatkan overcooked pada bagian ttt
APLIKASI PEMANASAN GEL. MIKRO PADA PROSES DEFROSTING :
Menaikan suhu produk beku: -20oC menjadi -3oC
Untuk daging dan mentega mempermudah penanganan (slicing)
Minimum overcooked
Cepat : ....................> daging dapat didefrost selama 10 menit (tradisional: beberapa hari pada cold room)
Minimum perubahan phase Minimum drip loss (kehilangan karena penetesan)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Mutu meningkat: lebih higienik, lebih cepat, dapat dilakukan di dalam box (pengemas)
Ruang yang diperlukan sedikit
Ekonomis
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 28
APLIKASI PEMANASAN GEL. MIKRO PADA PROSES DEHIDRASI :
VS. PEMANASAN TRADISIONAL/UDARA PANAS :
Pindah panas turun : thermal conductivity turun pada bahan pangan kering
Semakin lama waktu pengeringan mutu sensori dan mutu gizi turunOksidasi tinggi : mengakibatkan warna dan vitamin menurun. Untuk produk dengan kadar pufa tinggi, terjadi ketengikanCase hardening : perubahan karakteristik permukaan
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
>> keras, susah ditembus oleh panas/uap air (kualitas produk menurun)
APLIKASI PEMANASAN GEL. MIKRO PADA PROSES DEHIDRASI :
VS. PEMANASAN GELOMBANG MIKRO :
Memanaskan bahan dari dalam :Tidak ada masalah ttg konduktivitas panasTidak memanaskan udara : mrengurangi ksidasi rendahTidak terjadi case hardening
(pindah massa/uap air .........> lancar)
Umumnya dipakai untuk mengeringkan semi/partly dried foods
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Umumnya dipakai untuk mengeringkan semi/partly dried foods, dimana gel. Mikro akan tetap memanaskan daerah yang masih basah, tanpa mempengaruhi daerah/bagian yang sudah kering.
Mahal
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 29
APLIKASI PEMANASAN GEL. MIKRO : LAIN-LAIN
Masih dalam taraf penelitian: Blansir, Pasteurisasi, Sterilisasi
PENGARUH GELOMBANG MIKRO TERHADAP BAHAN PANGAN :
tidak ada pengaruh langsung pada mikroorganismewaktu proses menurun
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
waktu proses menurunretensi gizi lebih baik (prinsip HTST)
PEMANASAN OHMICPEMANASAN OHMIC
SS PowerPowerSupplySupply
BAHANBAHANelektrodaelektroda
SS SupplySupply
P : laju jumlah panas yang diproduksi P : laju jumlah panas yang diproduksi per satuan volume (W.mper satuan volume (W.m--33))
E : kekuatan medan listrik (Volt cmE : kekuatan medan listrik (Volt cm--11))kkee : konduktivitas listrik (ohm: konduktivitas listrik (ohm--11/m/m, , S/m)S/m)I : densitas arus listrik (amps/mI : densitas arus listrik (amps/m22))
P = IP = I22R R P = IP = I22kkee
--11
I = kI = keeELEL--11
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
R : tahanan listrik (ohmR : tahanan listrik (ohm--11))
-- kecepatan pemanasan tergantung pada nilai kkecepatan pemanasan tergantung pada nilai kee bahan panganbahan pangan-- kkee bahan pangan =f(kadar air, garam ionik dan asam)bahan pangan =f(kadar air, garam ionik dan asam)-- kkee bahan pangan cair >> kbahan pangan cair >> kee bahan padatbahan padat-- minyak dan lemak mempunyai nilai kminyak dan lemak mempunyai nilai kee sangat rendahsangat rendah
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 30
Arah perambatan panas, QArah perambatan panas, Q
⎤⎤⎡⎡ ⎞⎞⎛⎛2222PP
==22
PrPrQ(r)Q(r)
rr⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎦
⎤⎤
⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎣
⎡⎡⎟⎟⎠⎠⎞⎞
⎜⎜⎝⎝⎛⎛−−==−−
22
00 RRrr11
4k4kPrPrTTTT
Kenaikan suhu maksimumKenaikan suhu maksimum
4k4kPRPRTTTT
22
oomaxmax ==−−
k = konduktivitas panask = konduktivitas panas
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Kenaikan suhu rataKenaikan suhu rata--ratarata4k4k
8k8kPRPRTTTT
22
00 ==−−
Contoh :Contoh :Sebuah bahan berbentuk silinder dengan diameter 2R dan panjang Sebuah bahan berbentuk silinder dengan diameter 2R dan panjang L. Berapa L. Berapa Δ Δ voltase (E) yang perlu diberikan supaya terjadi voltase (E) yang perlu diberikan supaya terjadi peningkatan suhu di pusat bahan sebesar (Tpeningkatan suhu di pusat bahan sebesar (Tmaxmax--TT00))ooC, dimana suhu C, dimana suhu awal = Tawal = T00..
J bJ bPRPRTTTT
22==Jawab :Jawab :
Gunakan Gunakan persamaan persamaan peningkatan suhupeningkatan suhu
kkRREERR
LLEEkk
TTTT ee22
222222
22ee
00maxmax ⎟⎟⎠⎠⎞⎞
⎜⎜⎝⎝⎛⎛
⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠⎠
⎞⎞⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝⎝
⎛⎛==
⎟⎟⎠⎠⎞⎞
⎜⎜⎝⎝⎛⎛
==−−
LLEEkkII,,
kk4k4kRRIITTTT ee
ee
2222
00maxmax ====−−
4k4kTTTT 00maxmax ==−−
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
))TT(T(TTTTTkk
kkRRLL22EE
Jadi,Jadi,
00maxmax0000ee
−−⎟⎟⎠⎠⎞⎞
⎜⎜⎝⎝⎛⎛==
kk4L4Lkk4k4k 22ee
00maxmax ⎟⎟⎠⎠
⎜⎜⎝⎝⎟⎟
⎠⎠⎜⎜⎝⎝
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 31
PERBANDINGAN ANTARA PEMANASAN GEL MIKRO DAN OHMICPERBANDINGAN ANTARA PEMANASAN GEL MIKRO DAN OHMIC
KriteriaKriteria PemanasanPemanasan PemanasanPemanasanGel MikroGel Mikro OhmicOhmic
Konduktivitas listrikKonduktivitas listrik 0.250.25--44 0.0050.005--1.21.2(siemen/m)(siemen/m)Generasi Panas untukGenerasi Panas untukmedan listrik 20 V/mmedan listrik 20 V/m 11--1616 0.020.02--55(W/cm(W/cm33))Kenaikan suhuKenaikan suhu 0.250.25--4*4* 0.0040.004--1.2*1.2*
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
((ooC/sec)C/sec)
* kenaikan suhu di permukaan kaleng pada proses pemanasan* kenaikan suhu di permukaan kaleng pada proses pemanasanretort adalah sekitar 0.2retort adalah sekitar 0.2ooC/secC/sec
Vs PEMANASAN OHMIC & GELOMBANG MIKROVs PEMANASAN OHMIC & GELOMBANG MIKRO
Mirip dengan pemanasan gel. Mikro :Mirip dengan pemanasan gel. Mikro :Mirip dengan pemanasan gel. Mikro :Mirip dengan pemanasan gel. Mikro :Konversi enegi listrik menjadi energi panasKonversi enegi listrik menjadi energi panas
Penetrasi panas/daya penetrasi : tidak terbatasPenetrasi panas/daya penetrasi : tidak terbatasSuhu dalam bahan pangan merata (Suhu dalam bahan pangan merata (∇∇T T ≈≈ 0)0)Tidak perlu “pengadukan”Tidak perlu “pengadukan”Cocok untuk memanaskan bahan pangan cair dgn partikulat : Cocok untuk memanaskan bahan pangan cair dgn partikulat :
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
sop dll.sop dll.
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 32
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
BahanBahan nilai knilai kee (s/m)(s/m)
Air murni (25Air murni (25ooC)C) 5,7x105,7x10--66
Nilai konduktivitas listrik beberapa bahanNilai konduktivitas listrik beberapa bahan
Air murni (25Air murni (25 C)C) 5,7x105,7x10Asam sulfat (25Asam sulfat (25ooC) C) 1 1
kentang(19kentang(19ooC)C) 0.0370.037wortel (19wortel (19ooC)C) 0,0410,041kacang kapri (19kacang kapri (19ooC)C) 0.170.17daging sapi (19daging sapi (19ooC)C) 0,420,42Larutan pati (5 5% 19Larutan pati (5 5% 19ooC)C)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Larutan pati (5,5%, 19Larutan pati (5,5%, 19 C)C)+ garam 0.2%+ garam 0.2% 0,340,34+ garam 0,55%+ garam 0,55% 1,31,3+ garam 2%+ garam 2% 4,34,3
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 33
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Elektroda 4
KONFIGURASI SISTEM PEMANAS OHMIC
Elektroda 3
Elektroda 1 Elektroda 2
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Elektroda 2
Elektroda 1
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 34
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 35
High hydrostatic pressure
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
(Ultra) high pressure processing
Historical Timeline1895 H. Royer uses high pressure to kill bacteria.
High hydrostatic pressure
1899 Bert H. Hite at the West Virginia Agricultural Experimental Station examined pressure effects on milk, meat, fruits and vegetables.
1914 P. W. Bridgman coagulated egg albumen under high pressure.1990 First commercial products like fruit juices, jams, fruit toppings and
tenderized meats introduced in Japan.1995 Orange juice commercialized in France.1997 Market introduction of guacamole in the US and sliced cooked
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
gham in Spain.
1999 Oysters introduced in the US.2000 Range of salsas launched in the US market.
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 36
• Foods "pasteurized" by HHP undergo pressures of
High hydrostatic pressure
Foods pasteurized by HHP undergo pressures of up to 80,000 psi at or near ambient temperatures (under 45°C).
• Under these conditions, HHP is effective in inactivating most vegetative pathogens commonly found in the foods.
• Commercially available HHP-processed products in E d A i i l d j i j j lli t
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Europe and Asia include juices, jams, jellies, meat and yogurts.
• Consumers in this country can buy HPP-processed guacamole and oysters.
High hydrostatic pressure
• There is significant commercial interest in development of other products.
• Food processed by HHP reportedly has better retention of flavor, texture, color, and nutrients.
• The processing cost is slightly higher (two to three cents per pound) than for conventional processes
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
cents per pound) than for conventional processes.
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 37
High hydrostatic pressureHow High ??
Two elephants balanced on a piston with a cross section of a dime will create a pressure of 400 Mega Pascal (Mpa).
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
g ( p )This is approximately 60,000 pounds per square inch.
High hydrostatic pressure
• High Pressure can kill microorganisms by
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
High Pressure can kill microorganisms by interrupting with their cellular function without the use of heat that can damage the taste, texture, and nutritional value of the food.
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 38
High hydrostatic pressure
• The "mechanism" of high-pressure based bacteria kill is low d d t t th f ti f h i l
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
energy and does not promote the formation of new chemical compounds, "radiolytic" by-products, or free-radicals.
• Vitamins, texture and flavor are basically unchanged. • For example, enzymes can remain active in high pressure
produced orange juice.
High hydrostatic pressure............ the system
• This 35-liter high-pressure batch unit from Flow International can process up to 700 lbs. an hour and is designed for prepackaged products such as bottled juices.
• Units with capacities up to 300 liters are available.
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
• Food scientists are optimistic about hydrostatic pressure's ability to extend shelf life and produce safe food.
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 39
High hydrostatic pressure............ the system
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Industrial High Pressure Food ProcessorsComplete systems are offered for bulk and in container
High hydrostatic pressure
Complete systems are offered for bulk and in container processes.
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 40
Applications for High Pressure Processing are found in the areas of...
High hydrostatic pressure
Preservation
Elimination or substantial reduction of spoilage microorganisms and enzymes for shelf life extension of refrigerated food products with superior
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
sensory quality, e.g. juices, jams, guacamole, salsa, meat & dairy products, seafood (commercialized)
Acidified and low-acid shelf-stable products (under development)
Applications for High Pressure Processing are found in the areas of...
High hydrostatic pressure
Food safetyElimination of pathogens: e.g. Listeria in meat products, Salmonella in eggs and poultry, Vibrio in oystersHypotheses for vegetative cell inactivation...
- denaturation of proteins and enzymesd f DNA li i & i i
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
- damage of DNA replication & transcription- solidification of membrane (phospho)lipids- breakage of bio-membranes (cell leakage)
Spores are very resistant to pressure, but can be destroyed by combining pressure with elevated temperatures
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 41
Applications for High Pressure Processing are found in the areas of...
High hydrostatic pressure
• Juice tests have shown that food pathogens such as salmonella and E.coli 0157:H7 can be effectively destroyed without changing the fruit juice's fresh,
Fruit Juice treated with HHP
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
g g j ,natural characteristics.
• A pressure exposure of 80,000 psi for 30 seconds can achieve a 3-5 log reduction of all of the pathogens of concern in fresh juice
Applications for High Pressure Processing are found in the areas of...
High hydrostatic pressure
• Another example of food safety is the destruction of Vibrio bacteria in raw oysters without destroying the raw feel and taste of the oyster.
• A pressure of 200 to 300 MPa for 5 to 15 minutes at 25C inactivated : · Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17803
Oyster treated by HHP
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
· Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17803, · Vibrio vulnificus ATCC 27562, · Vibrio choleare ATCC 14035, · Vibrio choleare non-O:1 ATCC 14547, · Vibrio hollisae ATCC 33564· Vibrio mimicus ATCC 33653(from: "D. Berlin, D. Herson, D. Hicks, and D. Hoover; Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 1999“)
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 42
Applications for High Pressure Processing are found in the areas of...
High hydrostatic pressure
Pressure shucked raw clams. Pressure not only destroys the vibrio family of bacteria that can be found in shellfish,
Oyster treated by HHP
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
but also detaches the meat from the shell, saving labor and increasing production efficiency.
Applications for High Pressure Processing are found in the areas of...
High hydrostatic pressure
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Styrofoam cup subjected to 40,000 psi, sliced ham, and fruit pack (with juice) subjected to 80,000 psi.
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 43
Applications for High Pressure Processing are found in the areas of...
High hydrostatic pressure
Texturization
As an alternative to heat processing texturization can be accomplished by exposing protein (e.g. egg, whey, soy) and hydrocolloid (e.g. pectin, starch) solutions
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
y) y ( g p , )to hydrostatic pressure. The resulting gels are characterized by uniquely different textures.
Applications for High Pressure Processing are found in the areas of...
High hydrostatic pressure
Heat-sensitive compounds
HPP offers the unique potential to stabilize products with heat-sensitive components (e.g. flavors, nutrients, biologically active compounds).
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Biotechnology
Specific enzymes can be activated under pressure leading to enhanced reaction rates and shorter process times.
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 44
Commercial High-Pressure
High hydrostatic pressure
Processed productsmarketed in Japan, Europe and the United States
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Guacamole & SalsasAvomex (Keller, TX)
Commercial High-Pressure
High hydrostatic pressure
Processed productsmarketed in Japan, Europe and the United States
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 45
Commercial High-Pressure
High hydrostatic pressure
Processed productsmarketed in Japan, Europe and the United States
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Jams & Fruit Toppings
(Japan)
High hydrostatic pressureExamples of products commercialised in Europe and treated on HYPERBAR installations supplied by ACB
ULTI / PAMPRYL (Groupe PERNOD-RICARD) - France freshey squeezed fruit juice Fresh pressed
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
ESPUNA - Spain –sliced cooked ham
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 46
Effect of pressure is very similar to the effect of temperature in thermal processes
High hydrostatic pressure
Figure. Change in inactivation of Z h b ilii i h
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
Zygosaccharomyces bailii with pressure. Note that 345 MPa = 50,000 psi. (Enrique Palou, GRA, BSysE Dept., WSU)
Thermally-assisted high-pressure lifts quality of shelf-stable foods
Process Variables for Optimum Quality
High hydrostatic pressure
Tempera-ture
Pressure Products
90°C 700 MPaMain meal entrees, meats, pasta dishes, most vegetables, sauces, cheese, soups, stews, flavored milk drinks
80°C 830 MPa Whole potatoes, most vegetables
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
70°C 1,000 MPa All potato products, all vegetables, seafood
60°C 1,240 MPa Eggs, milk
Source: Richard S. Meyer, PhD, Washington Farms, Inc.
MPTP-Dept ITP/Ifateta-PB11/12/2011
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech 47
What's needed to commercialize UHP for sterilizing shelf-stable products?
Thermally-assisted high-pressure lifts quality of shelf-stable foods
High hydrostatic pressure
Two things must be done. 1. First, develop the kinetic information necessary to file a
petition with the FDA and USDA. To do that, we have to select the most heat and pressure-resistant strain of Clostridium botulinum.
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
2. Second, we need commercial-size, inexpensive high-pressure vessels.
http://seafast.ipb.ac.id/academic-lectures/311-itp-506-isu-mutakhir-teknologi-pangan/
ITP 506Issue Mutakhir Industri Pangan
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri Pangan- new tech??MPTP – IPB
g