MODES OF INFORMATION

The means of communica­tion help us to sendour messages and ideas from one place toanother. In the modern world the means ofcommunica­tion have become very important. Inold days it was very difficult to send ourmessages and receive messages from far offplaces. This sending and receiving of messagesand ideas is known as communication. Inmodern times we can communicate with far offplaces easily and quickly. The means oftransportation and the means of communicationare closely related. They are inter-dependant.The following are the main means ofcommunication.

•POSTS AND TELEGRAPHS

TELEPHONE

RADIO AND TELEVISION

TELEX

FAX, PAGERS, EMAIL

NEWSPAPERS

CINEMA

KIOSK

Various modes are…..

• The Government of India has a depart­ment ofPosts and Telegraphs. It has thousands of postoffices all over the country. The postaldepartment carries our mail, money ordersand parcels to all parts of India and the worldand delivers it to our friends and relatives forwhom they are meant. The mail is sent byroad, rail or air. The Post and TelegraphDepartment is the second biggest departmentof the Central Government. The big cities havenight post offices and mobile post offices. Themobile post offices move to different parts ofthe city at fixed hours. Letters are the cheapestmeans of communication

1..Posts and Telegraphs

• In some of the larger cities, there are specialletter boxes marked QMS, meaning Quick MailService. From here letters reach faster but onlyif the address contains a PIN CODE NUMBER.This code number is different for different areasof a village, town or city.

• Now-a-days, a special type of fast postal servicehas been introduced by the post office calledSPEED POST. Another kind of service, calledCOURIER SERVICE is used by people to sendtheir letters and parcels. We send urgentmessages in telegrams through the TelegraphDepartment. Our telegrams can reach variousplaces within a few hours.

Contd…..

• Telephone is another quick means ofcommunication. It is a great improvement over thetelegraphs. The people who live far away can talk toone another as if they are sitting face to face.

• Direct dialing system has been started in most of thecities and some villages in the country. - It is knownas S.r.O. (Subscribers Trunk Dialing). You have todial a Code No. allotted to a town and talk to aperson on phone anywhere in India or in some othercountry of the world.

• Telephones are connected by wires known as cables.Now we have telephones which are not connected bycables. They can work within a certain range fromthe telephone connection. These are called Cordlessphones. This type of phone can be carried by aperson in a car, or even if he / she go for a walk,

2…TELEPHONE

• Radio, television and the newspaper are mass-communicating media. Through these means we cancommunicate with thousands of people. There is anumber of radio stations in the country. Thesestations broadcast radio programmes. It broadcastsnews, music, plays, stories, agriculture information,speeches, advertisement and other importantannouncements.

• Another very important means of communication isthe television which provides news, information,education, music and entertainment to people.

• The difference in radio and television is that it usesmoving pictures to convey the message. Almost everyhome has a radio and television set. They bring ususeful information about the latest events in thecountry and the world.

3...RADIO AND TELEVISION

• Both radio and television give us weatherreports, timings of arrival and departure oftrains and flights and special urgent bulletins.

• Recently, another system of communi­cation hasbecome very popular in cities. It is called theCABLE TV, In this the video films are shown forthe entertainment of the viewers.

• Different channels show different programmes.Some of the most popular channels are - Star,Zee, EL, SUN, BBC, Star Plus, Discovery, ZeeCinema, ATN and so on. Through these channelsvery interesting and' informative programmesfrom all over the world can be seen.

CONTD…..

•The Telephone Department alsohas a 7"e/ex service throughwhich typed messages can besent very quickly. This methodis often used by offices, airlines,Government offices andnewspaper offices.

4…TELEX

• Fox sends 'Facsimile' of a printed message orpicture to another machine located anywherein any part of the world. It makes use of thetelephone lines.The message is displayed onthe screen. E-Mail uses computers connectingby ordinary telephone line. Electronic mo/7card send messages to any part of the worldthrough computers

5…FAX, EMAIL

• Newspapers, magazines and books area good means of mass-communication.This is a print medium which travelsfar and wide. The newspapers have avery wide circulation and every literateperson tries to go through them. Theybring us the latest news, rates of thecommodities, advertisements,employment news, matrimonial andmany other information.

6… NEWSPAPERS

• Cinema is also a means Of mass communication.Almost every town has a cinema hall. Besidesrecreation, cinema is also of a great educationalvalue. The Government has a number of mobilecinema vans. It arranges cinema shows in therural areas and shows a number of documentaryfilms regarding its policies and programmes.During the recent years television has gainedmore popularity over the cinema as means ofmass-communication. In addition to the abovethere are some other means of communication.Hoardings and Bill-boards are sued by theGovernment and the Advertisers tocommunicate the public.

7…CINEMA

• In information technology, a kiosk(pronounced KEE-ahsk) is a small physicalstructure (often including a computer and adisplay screen) that displays information forpeople walking by. Kiosks are common near theentrances of shopping malls in North Americawhere they provide shoppers with directions.Kiosks are also used at trade shows andprofessional conferences. The word is of Turkishand earlier Persian origin, where it meant anoutdoor pavilion or a portico. The kiosks bestknown to travelers are those that display show andmovie posters on the streets of Paris.

8…KIOSK

• an information system on the Internet whichallows documents to be connected to otherdocuments by hypertext links, enabling theuser to search for information by moving fromone document to another.

• With a web browser, one can view webpages that may contain text, images, videos,and other multimedia and navigate betweenthem via hyperlinks.

• A technical definition of the World Wide Webis: all the resources and users on the Internetthat are using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP).

…..www(world wide web)

• The Internet is a worldwide collectionof networks that links millions of businesses,government offices, educational institutions, andindividuals. Data is transferred over the Internetusing servers, which are computers that managenetwork resources and provide centralized storageareas, and clients, which are computers that canaccess the contents of the storage areas. The datatravels over communications lines. Each computeror device on a communications line has a numericaddress called an IP (Internet protocol) address, thetext version of which is called a domain name. Everytime you specify a domain name, a DNS (domainname system) server translates the domain nameinto its associated IP address, so data can route tothe correct computer.

…..Internet

• You can access the Internet through an Internet serviceprovider, an online service provider, or a wireless serviceprovider. An Internet service provider (ISP) providestemporary Internet connections to individuals andcompanies. An online service provider (OSP) also suppliesInternet access, in addition to a variety of special contentand services. A wireless service provider (WSP) provideswireless Internet access to users with wireless modems orWeb-enabled handheld computers or devices.

• Employees and students often connect to the Internetthrough a business or school network that connects to aservice provider. For home or small business users, dial-upaccess provides an easy and inexpensive way to connect tothe Internet. With dial-up access, you use a computer, amodem, and a regular telephone line to dial into an ISP orOSP. Some home and small business users opt for newer,high-speed technologies. DSL (digital subscriber line)provides high-speed connections over a regular coppertelephone line. A cable modem provides high-speed Internetconnections through a cable television network.

Ways to access Internet

• A variety of services are used widely on the Internet,including e-mail, FTP, newsgroups and message boards,mailing lists, chat rooms, and instant messaging. E-mail(electronic mail) is the transmission of messages andfiles via a computer network. You use an e-mail program tocreate, send, receive, forward, store, print, and deletemessages.

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard thatallows you to upload and download files with othercomputers on the Internet. An FTP server is a computer thatallows you to use FTP to upload files to, and download filesfrom, an FTP site. With anonymous FTP, anyone cantransfer some, if not all, available files. A newsgroup is anonline area in which users conduct written discussions abouta particular subject. The computer that stores and distributesnewsgroup messages is called a news server. You use aprogram called a newsreader to access a newsgroup, readpreviously entered messages (called articles), and addmessages of your own.

…..Email……FTP