ITEP-TWAC Status and FAIR-Related Activity

N.N.Alexeev, B.Ju.Sharkov

Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics

Moscow, Russia

R-ECFA 2009

Contents of report

• Introduction• ITEP-TWAC Layout• Operation parameters• Accelerator technologies and machine development• FAIR- related activity • Conclusion

ITEP Accelerator Facility (Brief history of construction)

1958-1961 - construction of 7 GeV proton synchrotron U-7 with 5 MeV Van de Graaf (Electrostatic) Injector

1967 - construction of 25 MeV linear injector I-2

1973 - reconstruction of the U-7 lattice for the machine energy increase up to 10 GeV, accelerator gets hew name U-10

1985 - new project of machine reconstruction was started for heavy ions acceleration, but it was not finished and terminated in 1989

1997-2003 - proton synchrotron U-10 was reconstructed to proton-ion accelerator-accumulator facility ITEP-TWAC

2004-200х – ITEP-TWAC in operation for research and applications, optimization of machine parameters, extending of its functional potentialities

Booster Synchrotron UKm Hz

,13 Т , 20

Proton beam for m edical

application

Synchrotron U-10m34 Т

P ro to n In je c to r I -2 M e V m A, 2 5 . 2 0 0

Laser IonsourceZn ,U

,С ,Al ,Со ,4+ 10+ 17+ 20+ 29+

Channel o f m ultiple injrction UK /U -10

Internal target beam s and slow extracted beam s

sup to G eV

р , , ,K ,С ,

10 -10 1/ , 10

p р Fe, ...U6 11Channel o f Fast

Extraction ,~10 , 0,7 ,

100 /100

1 3 GeV/ukJ ns

Internal target beam s and slow extracted beam s

sup to G eV

р , , ,K ,С ,

10 -10 1/ , 3

p р Fe, ...U6 11

Ionguide I-3/UK

Ion Injector I-3M eV/u

, 1-2

Ion beam for m edical

application

Ion Injector I-4M eV/u mA

, 7 ,100

Big Experim ental Hall

Target Hall

Hall of biological research

L L20 5

L100

ITEP Accelerator Facility

Ring Accelerators of ITEP-TWAC Facility

Accelerator-accumulator U-10Booster synchrotron UK

Development of ITEP-TWAC infrastructure

Big Experimental Hall

Areas of slow extracted beams from

U10 Ring

Target hall

Building for biological research and proton therapy

Areas of secondary beams from U10 Ring

Stand for radiation treatment of materials with

high intensity beams

Здание инжектора И-2

Здание ионных инжекторов

Stand for radiation treatment of patterns with

25 MeV beam of I-2

Area of fast extracted beam

Area of fast extracted beam from UK and

U10 Rings

Area of fast extracted beam from UK Ring

Area of slow extracted beam

10 m

Mode of operation Accelerators Beam energy, MeV/u

Regime of beam extraction

Proton acceleration I-2

I-2/U-10

I-2/UK

25

up to 230

up to 3000

up to 9300 up to 3000 (9300)

up to 3000

pulse, 10 /s, 200 mA

medical extraction, 200 ns, 1011c-1

fast extraction, 800 ns, 5x1011c-1

internal target, 1s

slow extraction, 1s

fast and slow extraction, 0,5s

Ion acceleration, С, Al, Fe, Ag

(Mg,Si,Ti,V,Cr,Cu,Zn)

(Pb,Bi,U)

I-3/UK

I-3/UK/U-10

1,5 – 400

50 - 4000

fast extraction, 800 ns, С(2x109), Al(5x108), Fe(2.5x108), Ag(2x107)

slow extraction, 0,5s

internal target, 1s, slow extraction, 1s

Nuclei accumulation, С, Al,Fe, I-3/UK/U-10

200-300

700-1000fast extraction with compression to 150 ns, continue extraction of stacking beam

ITEP-TWAC Operation Parameters

Operation time of ITEP-TWAC Facility in 2008 is 4306 hours:

2420 h - proton acceleration ,

1322 h – carbon nuclei accumulation at the energy of 200-300 MeV/u,

564 h – Fe nuclei accumulation and slow extraction at the energy of 165 MeV/u.

Statistic of ITEP-TWAC operation

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000 hours

2005 2006 2007 2008

28803088

3936

4306

Total Acceleration of protons

Acceleration of ions up to relativistic energy

Accumulation of nuclei

1704

276

828

2120

366440

2454

640

924

2420

1980

4300

1830

490

2009

Accelerator operation time for different research fields

Research fields with proton and ion beams

Beams

Accelerator operation time, (hours)

2008 2009 Require-ments

Adron physics and relativistic nuclear physics

р (2-9 ГэВ, 1011с-1) He, С,Al …(4 ГэВ/н, 108с-1)

828 600 1000

Methodical research р (1-9 ГэВ, 1011с-1) С(0,2-4 ГэВ/н, 108с-1)

2432 2100 2000

Physics of high density energy in matter С, Al,Fe…, Zn(300-700 МэВ/н, 4х1010с-1)

320 350 500

Radiobiology and medical physics р (250 МэВ, 1011с-1) С (200-800 МэВ/н, 109 с-1) 2350 2150

3000Proton therapy р (250 МэВ, 1011с-1)

Ion therapy С (200-800 МэВ/н, 109 с-1) 0 0

Radiation treatment of materials р (25-800 МэВ, 1011с-1) Fe,Ag,Bi,U (40-200 МэВ/н,

109 с-1)

858 1100 >2000

TOTAL 6788 6300 >8500

Progress in ITEP-TWAC beam parameters(2006-2009)

2006 Reached to 2009 Expected to

2010 Plans

Accelerated particles С4+27Al10+, 56Fe16+, 109Ag19+ up to U29+ (2011)

Stacked particles С6+ Al13+, Fe26+ up to Zn30 (2010)Repetition rate, Hz 0.3 0.5 1 (2012)Energy of beam stacking, MeV/u 200 400 500 700 (2012)Intensity of UK synchrotron (for С4+ ions) 109 2x109 3x109 >1010 (2010)Beam momentum spread, % 0.05 0.04 0.03 <0.03Efficiency of charge exchange injection, % ~50 ~60 ~80 ~100Dynamic aperture of U-10 ring, mm mrad

7 12 15-20 50

Efficiency of beam stacking, % >80 >90 ~100Life time of stacked beam, с 200 >250 >500Beam stacking factor 70 100 200Intensity of stacked beam (С6+)

3x1010 5x1010 >1011>1012 (2011)

~1013 (2012-13)Compressed bunch width, ns 150 120 100 70-50Power of stacked beam, Вт

1х108 3х108 ~109>1010 (2011)

1011 (2012-13)

Accelerator technologies for ITEP-TWAC modernization in progress

Advancement of high efficient charge exchange injection technique for high intensity heavy ion beam stacking

Development of laser ion source technology for high current and high charge heavy ion beams generation

Construction of high current RFQ linac for ion injector

Elaborations in the field of beam diagnostic and computer control

Development of high current beam compression technique

Development of plasma lens technique for sharp focusing of high density heavy ion beam on the target

Experimental studying of charge dominated beam dynamics

L100

L10(20) L5

Target High voltage platform

Plasma torch

Ion beam

Laser beam

Mirrors

Wavelength, 10,6

Pulse energy, J 5/100/20

Pulse duration, ns 100/100/20

Power density at target spot 5x1011/1013/1013 W/cm2

Max. repetition rate, Hz 0,5 /1/1

Operational resource ~106

Development of laser ion source technology New scheme of LIS with set of lasers L5, L10 and L100

Laser L100

The Fe and Ag beams at the LIS100 output

Charge states of Fe-beam at the LIS output The current of Fe16+ and Ag19+ beams

Total current of Fe-beam

at the LIS output

4 mA

70 mA

Pulse of electrons and ions from residual gas, initiated by laser spot

on the target

Current of Fe16+ ions

8 s

Ag20+Ag20+

Ag19+Ag18+

Ag17+

3 mA

50 mATotal current of Ag-beam

at the LIS output

Current of Ag19+

ions

Charge states of Ag-beam at the LIS output

6 s

s

5 s

Construction of high current RFQ ion injector

RFQ resonator on 1,6 MeV/u with model electrodes

Resonator type RFQ IH

RF, MHz 81.36 162.72

RF pulse width, µs 50 50

Quality factor 14000 40000

Length, m 6.3 6.1

Input energy, MeV/u 0.02 1.57

Output energy , MeV/u 1.57 7.0

Max spread of energy, % ±1.3 ±0.5

Z/A 0.3

Max beam current, mA 100 mA

Beam transmission, % 90 100

Project parameters of ion injector I4

Development of multiple charge-exchange injection technique for stacking of heavy ions

The ion accumulation is based on the charge-exchange injection with using a fast bump system for minimising the stacked beam perturbation over penetrating through the stripping foil material. Schematic layout of the beam trajectory at injection are shown in Fig. The deflection of the beam in the septum magnet SMG at injection is 98 mrad, the maximum field is 1.2 T. This magnet steers the injected beam to the centre of the stripping foil of 10x20 mm size, which is placed in the vacuum chamber of the F505 with a displacement of 20 mm from the ring equilibrium orbit. The fast bump system matching of both injected and circulating beams includes three kicker magnets installed in the short straight sections after of the magnets F411, F511 and F711. The first kicker magnet gives the kick of 3 mrad deflecting the stacked beam to the stripping foil at a moment when the injected beam is passing through the transfer line. The two beams, becoming one after passing through the stripping foil, are set to the ring closed orbit downwards by the kicker magnets in straight sections of F511 and F711. The foil material is mylar with the thickness of 5 mg/cm2, that yields >90% of bare carbon ions with projectile energy of >50 MeV/amu.

Beams trajectories at injection

Injecting beam crosses stripping foil Accelerated and stacked beams

Stripping foil signal

Injected beamInjected beam stacked with accumulated beam

Beam in booster UK before ejection

40 с

100 с

The stairs of C6+-beam stacking in the U10 ring

Development of beam longitudinal compression technique

The stacked beam longitudinal compression is fulfilled with the 10 kV accelerating resonator which is used also with low voltage (~1 kV) for the beam keeping at the process of its accumulation. Due to the Non-Liouvillian saving of the longitudinal phase space for the stacking beam at multiple charge exchange injection, the particle density seems to be maximal after compression and the grade of compression depends on a beam forming in the booster synchrotron at its acceleration and ejection. Result of beam compression up to the pulse width of 150 ns is illustrated on Fig.

F501

D412D502

F503

D504 F505

BM3/4/5/6/7/8

SM2

SMG

U10 extraction kicker magnet Septum magnet

Stripping target

Extracted beam

150 ns

1V/50 mA

Fast extraction system of U-10 Ring

Stacked bunch envelope at compression before ejection

Compressed bunch width Beam stacking and fast ejection

180 mA

Ion beam

pumping

scintillator200 MeV/amu C6+

scintillatormirror

CCD

plasma

The beam spot was observed using a quartz scintillator. The emitted scintillator light was monitored using CCD

framing photography.

Development of plasma lens technology for sharp focusing of heavy ion beam

Frame images taken at d=50 mm show that the spot size has been reduced approximately by a factor of 60 to about 350 μm (FWHM) from its initial value of 20mm.

The lens parameters were as follows: capacitance – 24 μF, discharge current - 150 kA, current half-wave – 5 μs , argon pressure - 3 mbar. Ion beam current pulse length – (150-800) ns.

350 μm

1mm

20 mm

First results of C6+ ion beam focusing

Focused Ion Beam at the output of plasma lens

Ion beam at the input of plasma lens

FAIR – Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

GSI GmbH FAIR GmbH+

CN DE ES FI FR GB GR IN IT PL RO RU SE

8 years and 1187 Million € later

Observers

Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research - FAIR- FAIR

Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

Key parameters of accelerators and cooler/storage rings

Accelerators Bending power, Tm

Beam energy Specific features

UNILAC Linac 11.4 MeV/u U28+ Three steps acceleration of U+4,(16,5 emA, 100µs, 2.6x1012, 2.2 keV/u), with stripping to U+28, 15 emA, 100µs, 3.3x1011,

SIS18 18 196 MeV/u U28+ Ramping rate 10 T/s, 3x1011 ions per pulse, 5x10-11 mbar operating vacuum

Synchrotron SIS100 100 2.7 GeV/u U28+

29 GeV protons

Fast pulsed superferric magnets up to 2 T, 4 T/s, 5x1011 ions per pulse, bunch compression to 50 ns, fast and slow extraction, 5x10-11 mbar operating vacuum

Synchrotron SIS300 300 34 GeV/u U92+ Pulsed super-coducting magnets up to 6 T, 1 T/s, 3x1011 slow extraction with high duty cycle, 5x10-12 mbar operating vacuum

Collector Ring CR 13 700 MeV/u, A/q=2.7, 3 GeV antiproton

Acceptance for antiprotons 240x240 mm mrad, p/p=3%, fast stochastic cooling of radioactive ions and antiprotons, mass spectrometer for short-lived nuclei

New Experimental Storage Ring NESR

13 700 MeV/u, A/q=2.7, 3 GeV antiproton

Electron cooling of radioactive ions with up to 450 keV electron beam, precision mass spectrometer, accumulation and stochastic cooling for antiprotons, internal target experiments with atoms and electrons, electron-nucleus scattering facility

High Energy Storage Ring HESR

50 0.8-14.5 GeV antiproton

Up to 4x1010 stored pbar, stochastic cooling of antiprotons 3-14.5 GeV, electron cooling of antiprotons 0.8-8 GeV.

• Participation of Russia in Project of International Scientific Centre FAIR at the GSI Laboratory, Darmstadt, Germany

• Elaboration and construction of components for FAIR accelerators • • 1. SC magnets for SIS-100 ОИЯИ, ВНИИНМ, ИЯФ Будкера • 2. SC quadrupoles for SIS-300 ИФВЭ, ВНИИНМ

• 3. Magnet components for RF systems ИТЭФ, МРТИ • 4. Beam diagnostic system ИТЭФ, НИИЭФА им.Ефремова • 6. Electron cooling systems ИЯФ им.Будкера СО РАН

• 8. P-linac, beam dynamics, radiation safety ИТЭФ,

• Elaboration and construction of detectors for FAIR experiments

• 1. Project «СВМ»(Compressed Barion Matter) ИТЭФ, ОИЯИ, ИЯИ, ПИЯФ, ЦКБМ-С.П.б.• • 2. Detector PANDA ИФВЭ, ИЯФ им.Будкера СО РАН, ОИЯИ ,КИАЭ,

ИТЭФ, ПИЯФ

• 3. Project SFRS (Super FRagment Separator) КИАЭ , ОИЯИ

• 4. High density energy in matter ИТЭФ, ИТЭС ОИВТ РАН, ИХФЧ РАН, ИПМ РАН, РФЯЦ ВНИИЭФ и ВНИИТФ

• 5. Experiment PAX ОИЯИ, ИТЭФ и др . • _________________________________________________________________ • TOTAL 240 MEur

Contribution of Russian Scientific Community to FAIR project:

R&D, prototyping manufacturing of accelerator and detectors components

Proposals of Russian Institutes for Proposals of Russian Institutes for FAIRFAIR Accelerators AcceleratorsAccelerators Price for January 2009 Institutes

  kEuro Percentage

HEBT (High Energy Beam Transfer) 30947,85 16,67% НИИЭФА, ИЯФ СО РАН, ИТЭФ

Super-FRS (Super FRagment Separator) 7368,00 3,97% ИЯФ СО РАН

CR (Collector Ring) 25121,00 13,53% ИЯФ СО РАН, ИТЭФ

NESR (New Experimental Storage Ring) 19160,00 10,32% ИЯФ СО РАН, ИТЭФ

p-LINAC 205,00 0,11% ИТЭФ

SIS 100 37647,00 20,28% ОИЯИ, ИТЭФ

pBar Target 0,00 0,00%  

RESR (Accumulator Ring) 2719,60 1,46% ИЯФ СО РАН, ИТЭФ

HESR (High-Energy Storage Ring) 2301,00 1,24% ИТЭФ

SIS 300 47104,00 25,37% ИФВЭ (+ВНИИНМ, НИИЭФА,

      КРИОГЕНМАШ,ГЕЛИЙМАШ)

ER 13100,00 7,06% ИЯФ СО РАН

       

SUM 185673,45 100,01%  

Conclusion

1) The ITEP Accelerator Facility is successfully in operation by more than 4000 hours yearly accelerating proton and ion beams and stacking different nuclei for physics experiments, methodical research and radiation technologies.

2) The nearest progress in the ITEP-TWAC parameters is expected from development of Laser Ion Source technology, construction of the high current RFQ ion injector, advancement of high efficient multiple charge exchange injection technique for heavy nuclei stacking, upgrade of beam compression technique in storage ring and studying of charge dominated beam dynamics.

4) Summarizing the current status of the ITEP-TWAC Facility, it should be noted that progress achieved for improvement of the machine parameters in last three years is low than it was expected because of required resources deficiency.

3) Participation in project of International Scientific Centre FAIR at the GSI Laboratory has to stimulate development of accelerator technology in Russian Accelerator Centres.