ITE session Understanding the experiences and needs of refugee children and young people.
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Transcript of ITE session Understanding the experiences and needs of refugee children and young people.
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ITE session
Understanding the experiences and needs of refugee children and young people
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AimsTo increase awareness of diverse
backgrounds and experiences of refugee children and young people
To develop understanding of how the well-being of refugee learners may be affected by their experiences and circumstances
To consider how schools can fulfil their duties to safeguard and promote well-being
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‘Home to Home’ animations made by
young asylum seekers in Canterbury:
Kamran’s StoryComing to EnglandOur CountrySmall Rabbits
Pre-session activity discussion feedback
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Activity 1
Refugee Kids
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Activity 2
Who are refugees?
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Definition of refugeeA refugee is someone who has had to
leave his or her country and who is afraid to return there ‘owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.’(1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees)
A person with refugee status is protected from being returned to their country of origin
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Asylum seekersAn asylum seeker is a person who
has crossed an international border and is seeking safety or protection (recognition as refugee) in another country
An asylum seeker is someone who declares themselves to be a refugee but whose claim has not yet been determined
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Unaccompanied asylum seeker childrenChildren under 18 years of age
who are outside their country of origin and not accompanied by a close relative
Every year around 3,000 unaccompanied children, aged 17 or under, apply for asylum in the UK
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World Refugee Survey 2008
More than 14 million refugees in the world 1 million people fled their homelands in 2007 Iraq is the source of most new refugeesAlmost two-thirds of all the world’s refugees
are found in just two regions: the Middle East and Africa
The least developed countries in the world host the majority of the world’s refugees - over 90% live in Africa, the Middle East, and South and Central Asia
Under 4% of the world’s refugees live in Europewww.refugees.org
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Asylum applications in Britain24,000 asylum applications in 2007Applications have fallen by more than 70%
since 2002Countries accounting for most applicants in
2007 were Afghanistan, Iran, China, Iraq, Eritrea,Somalia and Zimbabwe and - all countries in conflict or where there are human rights abuses
Highest numbers of unaccompanied asylum seeker children came from Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran and Eritrea
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Refugee children in schoolAn estimated 100,000 school-age
refugee children in the UK65% live in Greater LondonAt least 6% of London schoolchildren
are from a refugee backgroundThe largest group of children are from
Somalia
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Refugee children are a diverse groupDiversity of languages, cultures and countries of
originThey have different experiences of persecution and
journeys to safetyTheir exile experience in the UK are also very
variedLike adults, children vary in how they cope with
adversityMost refugee children are highly resilient despite
their experiences Important to avoid stereotypes and generalisations
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A model of refugee children’s adaptation and developmentRefugee children need to adapt to abrupt and
major changes in almost all aspects of their livesKey feature of model is distinction between
Pre-migration factors Trans-migration factors Post-migration factors
At each of the three phases there can be dramatic tensions due to ‘atypical’ conditions which impact on the child
Educational interventions for refugee Children: Theoretical perspectives and implementing best practice (2004)
Richard Hamilton and Dennis Moore
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Model of refugee adaptation and development
Post-migration ecology
Trans-migration ecology
Pre-migration ecology Educational Interventions for Refugee ChildrenRichard Hamilton and Dennis Moore (2004)
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Activity 3
Experiences and transitions
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Pre-migration experiencesViolent death of parent or family membersWitnessing murder, torture or injurySeparationChild soldier activityBombardments/shellingWitnessing parent fear and panicPhysical injuriesScarcityDisruption of normal routines and functioning of
society (such as health services, schools etc)
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Trans-migration experiences
Transitions through several countriesLong and often dangerous journeysSeparation for parents and other family
membersRefugee campsRisk of exploitationSettlement and schooling in other countries
before arrival in UK
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Post-migration experiences
Family stressLoss of status Asylum seekers banned from workingAsylum processPoor quality and overcrowded housingRacism and public hostility towards asylum seekers IsolationSome families at risk of being detained in
immigration removal centresDifficulties in accessing services, including health
services and school
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Summary of interacting factors, both past and currentthat affect refugee childrenÕs wellbeing
PAST EXPERIENCES ASYLUM STATUSloss and separation HEALTHoppression/violence
AGE AND ISSUESDEVELOPMENT OF
IDENTITY
CHILDFRIENDS
SCHOOL FAMILYprogress in learning past experiencessocial relations SOCIAL family tensionssupport in school housing changes in
poverty status and roleswork attitudes tosafety integrationracism generationalcommunity links issues
In the midst of the whirlwind (1998) Naomi Richman
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Every Child Matters outcomes
Being healthyStaying safeEnjoying and achievingMaking a positive contributionAchieving economic well-being
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How Am I Different - Seeking Asylum
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Activity 4
Barriers to achieving ECM outcomes
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The importance of school
“It is no exaggeration to say that refugee children’s wellbeing depends to a major degree on their school experiences, successes and failures....School policies are a powerful tool for helping refugee children feel safe and normal again, and begin to learn.”Naomi Richman, In the Midst of the Whirlwind - a manual for helping refugee children, 1998
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Starting again (2002)Research undertaken by Save the Children
and Glasgow City CouncilMore than 700 young asylum seekers from
27 schools were questionedMore than 75% ranked school as the best
thing about living in GlasgowChildren and young people said that going to
school helped the to feel normal, make friends and learn English
Children and young people also said it was easier to make friends at school than in the community where they live
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Things that refugee young people say help them
Having friendships and people to trust Caring, supportive and friendly teachers who are
confident and interested in teaching children and young people from diverse backgrounds
Being included in all activities Opportunities to do activities with refugee and non-
refugee peers, both in and out of schoolBeing in a school that values and celebrates other
cultures
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School and local authority responsibilitiesRefugee children should be given the same
opportunities as all other children to access education
Local authorities have a legal duty to ensure that education is available for all children of compulsory school age in their area. This duty applies irrespective of a child's immigration status
There is a statutory duty on schools to safeguard children and to promote their well-being (Education Act, 2002)
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School and local authority responsibilitiesSchools must not discriminate against refugees
and have a duty to promote good relationships between children from different backgrounds (Race Relations Act, 1976 and Race Relations (Amendment) Act, 2000)
Schools have a duty to promote community cohesion (Education and Inspections Act, 2006)
Local authorities must promote the educational achievement of looked after children (children in care), including unaccompanied asylum seeker children
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School and local authority responsibilitiesThe National Curriculum (2000) sets out the
entitlement to the curriculum for all pupils. The statutory NC inclusion statement offers three key principles for developing an inclusive curriculum: responding to pupils’ diverse learning needs setting suitable learning challenges overcoming barriers to learning
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QTS standardsQ18: Understand how children and young people
develop and that the progress and well-being of learners are affected by a range of developmental, social, religious, ethnic, cultural and linguistic influences.
Q21 (a): Be aware of the current legal requirements, national policies and guidance on the safeguarding and promotion of the well-being of children and young people.
Q21 (b) Be able to identify and support those whose progress, development or well-being is affected by difficulties in personal circumstances.
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Further activityPrepare a short PowerPoint presentation on
the lives and experiences of one group of refugee children in the UK. Include: Information on the country of origin Information about language, culture and
beliefs Information about particular needs they
might have Some suggestions for how teachers can
support them, including useful resources