ITB Session 01

8/9/2019 ITB Session 01

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IT for Business

Session 01

© Prof. Ram


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Introduction to Information Systems

• Why Information Technology ?

•

System – Orderly grouping of interdependent components linked

together according to a plan to achieve a specificobjective.

• Characteristics of a System – Organization (order) – Interaction

– Interdependence

– Integration

–

Central Objective• Analysis and Design of System

– What system can do

– How it will do

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Introduction to Information Systems

• Elements of a system

– Outputs and inputs

– Processors

– Control

– Feedback

– Environment

– Boundaries and Interface

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Computer Based Information Systems

• Are combination of hardware, software and

telecommunications networks that people buildand use to collect, create, and distribute useful

data, typically in organizational settings.

• Five Rights

– The Right Data

– In the Right Place

– At the Right Time

– To the Right Person

– In the Right Format

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Close vs. Open Systems

• Closed Systems

• Open Systems

– Input from outside

– Entropy

– Process, output and cycles

– Differentiation

– Equifinality

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DIKW

• Data

• Any Input that is used in your decision-making process is data.

• Information

• Information is data that is organized with ashared meaning.

• Knowledge

•

Knowledge is information that is acted upon.• Wisdom

• Wisdom-knowing when to act

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© Prof. Ram


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Value of Information

• Is the value of the change in decision behavior

caused by the information less the cost ofinformation (Davis and Olsen).

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Organizations and Information Systems

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Transaction Processing Systems

• Any TPS goes through five stages cycle

– Data Entry Activities

– Transaction Processing Activities

– File and Data Processing

– Document and Report Generation

– Inquiry Processing Activities

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© Prof. Ram


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TPS Systems

• Batch Processing Systems

• Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)

•

Real Time Processing

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Management Information Systems

• MIS serve the functions of planning,

controlling and decision making by providing

routine summary and exception reports.

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Management Information Systems

• Support structured and semi structured decisions

• Reporting and control oriented

• Rely on existing corporate data and data flows

• Have little analytical capability

• Makes use of past and present data

• Relatively inflexible

• Have an internal rather than external orientation

• Requirements are known and stable

• Reports with fixed standard format

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TPS and MIS

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Decision Support Systems

• Components of DSS

– DSS Database

– Model Base

– Model

– DSS Software System

• Four Core Capabilities

– Representations

– Operations

– Memory Aids

– Control Aids

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Executive Support Systems

• Address non-routine decisions requiring

judgment, evaluation and insights frominternal as well as external sources.

• Give projections using advanced graphics andcommunications.

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Expert Systems

• Is a knowledge intensive program that solves a

problem by capturing expertise of a human inlimited domains of knowledge and

experience.

• Major Components are – Knowledge Domain or Base

• Domain specific or heuristics

–

Development Team – AI Shell and Inference Engine

– User

© Prof. Ram

ITB Session 01

Documents

Transcript of ITB Session 01