italy in the middle ages: overview - SFU.ca · 2) 7; religion technology government geography...
Transcript of italy in the middle ages: overview - SFU.ca · 2) 7; religion technology government geography...
N
E
S
W
religion
technology
government
geography
people
economy
power shifts
influ
ence
s
determines
affects
drives
influences
-territory-empire-east/west/central-north/south
-nationality-ruler-structure-politics
-religious leader (pope)
-trade-agriculture-structure
-machinery-transportation
-culture-dress-language-rank-literacy-population-health
the dark ages400-1000
the communes1000-1300
renaissance italy1300-1494
stagnation and reform1494-1789
italy in the middle ages: overview
N
E
S
W
religion
technology
government
geography
people
economy
power shifts
influ
ence
s
determines
affects
drives
influences
-clearance of ancient forests
-“municipia”, semi-independant cities-Odoacer emperor of Roman Empire, marks fall of Western Roman Empire-invasion by Ostrogoths, Gothic Wars
-Lombards converted to Christianity-Pope sought aid from Franks
-slavery declines, rise in labour mobility-wheat-growing estates “latifundia”-selling rye and other cereals -basic network of roads
-resevoirs, water towers, mills-silver, lead and sulphur manufactured
-urban population decreasing-wide-spread famine-Lombards adapting indigenous customs-high literacy rate among higher ranks-mainly Greek culture
the dark ages400-1000
the communes1000-1300
the dark ages (400-1000)
410.
vis
igot
hs
sack
rom
e47
6. fa
ll of
wes
tern
rom
an e
mpi
re49
3. o
stra
goth
s tak
e
cont
rol o
f ita
ly52
7. ju
stin
ian
beco
mes
eas
tern
rom
an e
mpe
ror
552.
just
inia
n re
stor
es
rom
an ru
le in
ital
y56
8. lo
mba
rd c
onqu
est
of n
orth
ern
italy
639.
mus
lim a
rmie
s
conq
uer s
outh
ern
terr
itorie
s of b
yzan
tine
empi
re
726.
byz
antin
e em
pero
r
leo
III o
rder
all
icon
s
in b
yzan
tine
empi
re
dest
roye
d
800.
cha
rlem
agne
,
king
of f
rank
s, cr
owne
d
‘em
pero
r of t
he w
est’
by
pope
leo
III i
n ro
me
962.
otto
the
grea
t
crow
ned
empe
ror,
mar
king
beg
inni
ng o
f
holy
rom
an e
mpi
re
N
E
S
W
religion
technology
government
geography
people
economy
power shifts
influ
ence
s
determines
affects
drives
influences
-breakdown of centralized political control-creation of independant communes-land cleared with new urgency-cities expanded, constant enlargement of town walls-Florence population: 1000 increased to 100,000
-autonomous cities “communes”-pushing towards autonomy
-church losing power to communes-papacy controlled by local noble families
-extensive trade-trade in spices extremely profitable-Venice trades salt, lacks agricultural resources-southern ports declining, taxes
-temples and civic buildings abandoned or used as quarries-grid patterns in streets-art/architecture used as propoganda
-increased population-allies between milites (military family) and popolo (social groups)-consortie: allied families-merchants, artisans, money-lenders
the communes1000-1300
renaissance italy1300-1494
the communes (1000-1300)
1018
. bul
garia
bec
omes
part
of b
yzan
tine
empi
re
1071
. bat
tle b
etw
een
mus
lim
selju
k tu
rks u
nder
alp
ars
lan
and
byza
ntin
e ar
my
unde
r
rom
anus
IV d
ioge
nes;
selju
ks
win
and
take
mos
t of a
sia
min
or
from
byz
antin
es10
81. a
lexi
us I
com
nenu
s
beco
mes
em
pero
r
1261
. con
stan
tinop
le is
reca
ptur
ed b
y by
zant
ine
empe
ror m
icha
el p
alae
olog
us
N
E
S
W
religion
technology
government
geography
people
economy
power shifts
influ
ence
s
determines
affects
drives
influences
-peninsula continually fragmented
-temporary dictator, podesta appointed-signoris rule communes-Medici holds control over government
-decline in authority of papacy-pope arrested regarding taxation-plague and insecurities results in reestablishment of papacy as major political force
-small artisan workshops-black death, economy slows
-practical education, letter writing, accounting
-few unskilled workers-huge merchant and artisinal class-civic life full of rituals and processions-Medici prominent family in Florence
renaissance italy1300-1494
stagnation and reform1494-1789
renaissance italy (1300-1494)
1303
. nad
ir ca
me
whe
n po
pe
boni
face
VII
I was
arr
este
d on
orde
r of f
renc
h ki
ng a
fter q
uarr
el
over
taxa
tion
of c
lerg
y
1348
. bla
ck d
eath
pla
gues
italy 1447
. ele
ctio
n of
nic
olas
V
as p
ope
1453
. tur
ks c
aptu
re
cons
tant
inop
le; f
all
of b
yzan
tine
empi
re
N
E
S
Wreligion
technology
government
geography
people
economy
power shifts
influ
ence
s
determines
affects
drives
influences
-sequence of wars rocked peninsula
-leading families of city states had superiority in late 15th century-French and Spanish domesticatednobility and acquired new lands
-sacking of rome gave rise tomilitant era of catholic reform
-increase in industry and agrictulture-nobility increased agricultural outputby founnding new towns-textile industry flourished-growth in banking-improvement in land and sea communcations
-invention of new water-powered mill-began silk manufacturing
-art and culture spread north-increase in population-increase in tourism-return of plague; fall in population
stagnation and reform (1494-1789)
1499
. lou
is X
II a
ttack
s sfo
rza
duch
y15
27. r
ome
swac
ked
by im
peria
l
troo
ps
1519
. cha
rles V
took
impe
rial
title 1261
. con
stan
tinop
le is
reca
ptur
ed b
y by
zant
ine
empe
ror m
icha
el p
alae
olog
us
stagnation and reform1494-1789
1630
-1. p
lagu
e re
turn
ed, d
rop
in p
opul
atio
n
1530
. flo
renc
e fe
ll to
impe
rial
forc
es; i
ncre
ase
in p
opul
atio
n
follo
win
g bl
ack
deat
h