Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance
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Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance
17.1
The Italian Renaissance is a rebirth of learning that produces many great works of art and literature.
David (1501-1504), Michelangelo
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Italy’s Advantages
The Renaissance Renaissance—an explosion of creativity
in art, writing, and thought Started in northern Italy Thriving cities Wealthy merchant class Classical heritage of Greece and Rome Lasted from 1300-1600
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City-states Crusades spur trade Growth of city-states in N. Italy 1300s-Plague disrupts trade Merchants turned to art due to fewer
laborers
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Italy’s Advantages
Merchants and the Medici A wealthy merchant class develops More emphasis on individual
achievement Banking family, the Medici, controls
FlorenceLooking to Greece and Rome
Artists and scholars study ruins of Rome, and study Latin and Greek manuscripts
Scholars move to Rome after the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
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Lorenzo the Magnificent
1478 - 1521
Cosimo de Medici
1517 - 1574
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Florence Under the Medici
Medici Chapel
The Medici Palace
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Classical and Worldly ValuesClassics Lead to Humanism
Humanism—intellectual movement focused on human achievements
Humanists studied classical texts, history, literature, and philosophy
Worldly Pleasures Renaissance society was secular—
worldly Wealthy enjoyed fine food, homes, and
clothes Church leaders became wealthy, as well
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Classical and Worldly Values Patrons of the Arts
Patron—a financial supporter of artists
Church leaders spend money on artworks to beautify cities
Wealthy merchants also patrons of the arts
The Renaissance Man Excels in many fields: the
classics, art, politics, and combat
Baldassare Castiglione’s (pictured right)The Courtier (1528) teaches how to become a “universal” person
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Classical and Worldly Values The Renaissance
Woman Upper-class,
educated in classics, charming
Expected to inspire art but not create it
Isabella d’Este, patron of the artists, wields power in Mantua
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The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art Artistic Styles Change
Artists use realistic style copied from classical art, often to portray religious subjects
Painters use perspective—a way to show three dimensions on canvas
Realistic Painting and Sculpture Realistic portraits of prominent citizens Sculpture shows natural postures and expressions The biblical David is a favorite subject among
sculptors (although he looks more like a classical Greek)
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CENSORED
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Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni
Portrait painted after 1535 of Michelangelo at the age of 60 by Jacopino del Conte
The novel and film The Agony and the Ecstasy is about him painting the Sistine Chapel for Pope Julius II.
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Photo of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
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Sis
tine
Cha
pel--
Mic
hela
ngel
o
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Sis
tine
Cha
pel--
Mic
hela
ngel
o
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The Creation of Adam by Michelangelo, found of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
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Michelangelo’s The Last Judgment
in the Sistine Chapel
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Temptation and Expulsion from Eden 1508-12
Adam
Eve Expulsion
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Christ the Judge
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St Bartholomew holds his own
skin.
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Minos– a judge in the underworld
A Damned Man
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The Saved
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La Pieta
Michelangelo
1500
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Moses
Michelangelo
1513-1515
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Unfinished Slaves - Michelangelo
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Unfinished Pietas…
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The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art Leonardo,
Renaissance Man Leonardo da Vinci
—painter, sculptor, inventor, scientist
Paints one of the best-known portraits in the world: the Mona Lisa
Famous religious painting: The Last Supper
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Mona Lisa OR da Vinci??
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Leonardo’s Work: Painting
Left: Mona LisaAbove: The Last Supper
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The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498
& Geometry
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horizontal
vert
ical
Perspective!
The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498
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Leonardo’s Work: Science & Medicine
THE VITRUVIAN MAN STUDIES OF A FETUS FROM LEONARDO'S JOURNALS
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Leonardo’s Work: Science & MedicineINVESTIGATING THE MOTION OF THE ARM
ORGANS OF A WOMAN’S BODY
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Leonardo’s Work: Inventions
Design of a flying machine based on bat’s wings
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The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art Raphael Advances
Realism Raphael Sanzio,
famous for his use of perspective
Favorite subject: the Madonna and child
Famous painting: School of Athens
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School of Athens by Raphael
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The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11
One point perspective. All of the important Greek
philosophers and thinkers are included all of the great personalities of the Seven Liberal Arts
A great variety of poses. Located in the papal apartments
library. Raphael worked on this commission
simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing the Sistine Chapel.
No Christian themes here.
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The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11
Raphael
Da Vinci
Michelangelo
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Aristotle:looks to thisearth [thehere and
now].
Plato:looks to theheavens [or
the IDEALrealm].
The School of Athens – Raphael, details
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Averroes
Hypatia
Pythagoras
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Zoroaster
Ptolemy
Euclid
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The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art Women Painters
Sofonisba Anguissola (pictured right): first woman artist to gain world renown
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The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art Women Painters
Artemisia Gentileschi (self portrait below) paints strong, heroic women (see right). Judith Slaying
Holofernes (1614-20) Oil on canvas 199 x 162 cm Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
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Renaissance Writers Change Literature New Trends in Writing
Writers use the vernacular—their native language
Self-expression or to portray individuality of the subject
Petrarch and Boccaccio Francesco Petrarch,
humanist and poet; woman named Laura is his muse
Boccaccio is best known for the Decameron, a series of stories
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Renaissance Writers Change Literature Machiavelli
Advises Rulers Niccolo
Machievelli, author of a political guidebook, The Prince
The Prince examines how rulers can gain and keep power
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Renaissance Writers Change Literature Vittoria Colonna
Woman writer with great influence
Poems express personal emotions