Italianlevel One

7/31/2019 Italianlevel One

1/69

1

Italian Verbs:

Italian Present TenseRegular verbs Irregular verbs

Pronouns Parlare

(to speak)

Credere

(to believe)

Partire

(to leave)

Finire

(to finish)

Essere

(to be)

Avere

(to have)I

You

He/She

We

You

They

Io

Tu

Lui/ lei

Noi

Voi

Loro

Parlo

Parli

Parla

Parliamo

Parlate

Parlano

Credo

Credi

Crede

Crediamo

Credete

Credono

Parto

Parti

Parte

Partiamo

Partite

Partono

Finisco

Finisci

Finisce

Finiamo

Finite

Finiscono

Sono

Sei

Siamo

Siete

Sono

Ho

Hai

Ha

Abbiamo

Avete

Hanno

The table above shows all types of Italian verbs in the present tense, verbs ending with (~are, ~ere, ~ire, ~ire type two) plus irregularverbs.

The blue font at the end of the verbs shows the endings that similar verbs may take, so its all about manipulating the endin gs

But when it comes to irregular verbs they should be memorized by heart, since they dont follow a logic rule.


2/69

2

Note that irregular verbs are used very often, thats why you have to focus on them. Also note that the pronouns are optional to use,since you can understand the subject with the way a verb is conjugated, so for example: I speak can be either: io parlo, or simplyparlo.

Note that Lei can mean (she or you formal).

Italian Singular to Plural (Nouns & Adjectives)

Italian nouns and adjectives are different than the English ones, The Italian noun and adjective take 4 forms, usually nouns &

adjectives take o at the end of the singular masculine, and a for singular feminine, for plural masculine i, plural feminine takee

Italian Singular to PluralSingular masculine Singular feminine Plural masculine Plural feminine

Small

Child/ Children

Piccolo

Bambino

Piccola

Bambina

Piccoli

Bambini

Piccole

Bambine

However, its not always the case, some nouns and adjectives ending with e forexample only change to their plural, the feminine ormasculine doesnt matter to them.


3/69

3

Italian Singular to PluralSingular masculine Singular feminine Plural masculine Plural feminine

Big

Restaurant

Night

Grande

Ristorante

--

Grande

--

Notte

Grandi

Ristoranti

--

Grandi

--

Notti

Other exceptions are:

Nouns and adjectives ending in ~co/~ca and ~go/~ga are spelt ~chi/~che and ~ghi/~ghe in the plural; these modifications are made

simply to maintain the same sound in the plural as well as the singular.

Singular masculine Singular feminine Plural masculine Plural feminineWhite

Mushroom

Lines

Bianco

Fungo

Bianca

--

Riga

Bianchi

Funghi

Bianche

--

Righe

The definite Articles


4/69

4

In Italian the English the is expressed in a more specific way.

Italian Definite ArticlesMasculine

Singular Plural

Feminine

Singular Pluralil i (il bambino (the child) i bambine (the children)

lo gli (used only before word starting with sc/sp/st/gn/z)

lgli (used only before vowels luomo (the man) gli uomini (men)

la le (la donna (the woman) le donne (women)

lle (used only before vowels, lisola le isole)

The indefinite Articles

Italian Indefinite ArticlesMasculine Singular Feminine SingularUn (a book = un libro)

Uno (used only before word starting with sc/sp/st/gn/z) example:

(a student = uno studente)

Una (a woman = una donna)

Un (used only before vowels) example:

(a friend = unamica)


5/69

5

As you know, the indefinite article doesnt have plural in English, but in Italian there is a close way to express it, in English it is

expressed by some

A book books (no article) or some books. Un libro libri or dei libri. (you will learn later how to use the form del)

Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers:

Italian Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers are simple and easy to learn:

Italian NumbersCardinal Numbers Ordinal Numbers

1 = Uno 11 = Undici 21 = Ventuno 87 = Ottantasette 1st = Primo For ordinal numbersafter 10 you only needto delete the last voweland add ~esimo.

11th = Undicesimo

12th = Dodicesimo

20th = Ventesimo

2 = Due 12 = Dodici 22 = Ventidue 98 = Novantotto 2nd = Secondo3 = Tre 13 = Tredici 23 = Ventitre 100 = Cento 3rd = Terzo4 = Quattro 14 = Quattordici 30 = Trenta 1000 = Mille 4th = Quarto5 = Cinque 15 = Quindici 31 = Tretuno 2006 = Duemilasei 5th = Quinto6 = Sei 16 = Sedici 32 = Trentadue A number ending with a

vowel + a numberstarting with a vowel =1stone loses its vowelexample: ventuno 21

6th = Sesto7 = Sette 17 = Disiasette 43 = Quarantatre 7th = Settimo8 = Otto 18 = Diciotto 54 = Cinquantaquattro 8th = Ottavo9 = Nove 19 = Diciannove 65 = Sessantacinque 9th = Nono10 = Dieci 20 = Venti 76 = Settantasei 10th = Decimo


6/69

6

Telling the time in Italian

Time in ItalianChe ore sono? (what time is it?)

01:00 = luna 10:45 = Sono le undici meno un quarto

02:00 = Sono le due 12:00 = le dodici03:05 = Sono le tre e cinque mezzogiorno = Its midday04:10 = Sono le quattro e dieci mezzanotte = Its midnight05:15 = Sono le cinque e un quarto Note that all time expressions start with sono,

except one and twelve oclock, they both startwith .

06:20 = Sono le sei e venti07:30 = Sono le sette e mezza

Writing training: write the same text I wrote about myself at the beginning of this page, but this time it should be about you.

Speaking training: try to read the text you just wrote about yourself out loud, if you find any difficulty, take a look at the Italianalphabet table.


7/69

7

The Italian Alphabet

Italian AlphabetAaas in the word ask and never as in the word ableBb same as in EnglishCclike tsh before i or e, otherwise like "k in Creole. Dd same as in EnglishEeas in elevatedFfsame as in EnglishGglike the "dg", before i or e, otherwise like the "g" in "Good". Hh silent most of the time.Ii as in the word ink never as in the word islandJjas in Job, or the s of pleasure.Kk same as in EnglishLl same as in EnglishMm same as in EnglishNn same as in EnglishOosame as in English Old.Pp same as in EnglishQq same as in English

RrSpanish rSsbetween vowels as z, and as s otherwise.Tt same as in English not as sharp.Uuas in the ultra, never as in the word up or universityVv same as in EnglishWwas in English, sometimes as vXx same as in English


8/69

8

Yy same as in English although rare.Zzas in ts, or dz.

ccas tshee before i and e, or as kee elsewhere.chlike k as in kid.ggas in dgee before I and e, or as the gee in geese. ghlike g in Godglias in glign like n in newsqulike kw in quest

sclike sh before i and e, or like k elsewhere.

Note that J- K- W- X- Y appear mainly in foreign loan words.


9/69

9

Some help: Mi piace: I like/ imaparare: to learn/ un mese: a month/

di dove: where..from/ anni: years/ la scuola: school.

Dates in ItalianMonday: luned

Tuesday: marted

Wednesday: mercoled

Thursday: gioved

Friday: venerd

Saturday: sabato

Sunday: domenica

January: gennaio

February: febbraio

March: marzo

April: aprile

May: maggio

June: giugno

July: luglio

August: agosto

September: settembre

October : ottobre

November : novembre

December : dicembre

Dates in Italian: note that to express the day in Italian you should use ilbefore all days except Sunday: Domenica:

il lunedi (on Monday), ilvenerdi (on Friday) but la domenica (onSunday).

My birthday is on may the 10th: il mio compleanno il dieci maggio.

May the 1st: primo maggio/ 16th of March: 16 marzo.

Today is the 20th: oggi il venti.


10/69

10

Our number #1 choice for learning Italian is Rocket Italian.Test them out with their six day free trial offer

Italian Irregular Verbs (present tense)

These are some common irregular verbs that you might come across very often: (stare, volere, sapere, potere, dare, fare, dovere,tenere, venire), please memorize them by heart, because they dont follow any regular rule and also because theyre used very often.

Italian Irregular VerbsStare

(to be)

Volere

(to want)

Sapere

(to know)

Potere

(can)

Dare

(to give)

Dovere

(to have to)

Fare

(to do)

Tenere

(to have)

Venire

(to come)

Andare

(to go)

Dire

(to say)Io Sto Voglio So Posso Do Devo Faccio Tengo Vengo Vado Dico
http://www.rocketlanguages.com/italian/premium/?aff=wmmedia&type=nohop&tid=speakhttp://www.rocketlanguages.com/italian/premium/?aff=wmmedia&type=nohop&tid=speakhttp://www.babylon.com/affiliates/landing/index.php?id=11158&lang=enghttp://www.rocketlanguages.com/italian/premium/?aff=wmmedia&type=nohop&tid=speakhttp://www.rocketlanguages.com/italian/premium/?aff=wmmedia&type=nohop&tid=speak


11/69

11

Tu

Lui

Noi

Voi

Loro

Stai

Sta

Stiamo

State

Stanno

Vuoi

Vuole

Vogliamo

Volete

Vogliono

Sai

Sa

Sappiamo

Sapete

Sanno

Puoi

Pu

Possiamo

Potete

Possono

Dai

D

Diamo

Date

Danno

Devi

Deve

Dobbiamo

Dovete

Devono

Fai

Fa

Facciamo

Fate

Fanno

Tieni

Tiene

Teniamo

Tenete

Tengono

Vieni

Viene

Veniamo

Venite

Vengono

Vai

Va

Andiamo

Andate

Vanno

Dici

Dice

Diciamo

Dite

Dicono

The verb Stare means to be or to stay, and used a lot in many idiomatic expressions.

-Come stai? (how are you?) -Sto bene, grazie (I'm fine, thanks). Stare is used also as a gerund referring to an action in progress: stoimparando litaliano. (Im learning Italian)

Potere (to be able to, can), Dovere (to have to), Volere (to want) are modal verbs as well as irregular verbs.

These are some examples of the verbs on the top:

Stoleggendo il giornale (Im reading the newspaper)

Voglio visitare Roma (I want to visit Rome)

Non lo so! (I dont know)


12/69

12

Posso aiutarti? (can I help you?)

Noi vi diamo il libro gratis (we give you the book for free)

Devi parlare in italiano. (you have to speak in Italian)

Che fai oggi pomeriggio? (what are you doing this afternoon?)

Tengo un libro in mano (I have a book in my hand)

Vieni oggi Jennifer? (are you coming today Jennifer?)

Oggi vado con la mia famiglia mangiare fuori (today I go with my family to eat outside)

Ti dicoche sono daccordo con te (I tell you I agree with you)

Italian Reflexive Verbs

Italian reflexive verbs are used to express an action applied to oneself, I wash myself = io mi lavo

Theyre easy to form, just place (mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si) before the verb that is considered a reflexive verb.

Io mi lavo (I wash myself), tu ti lavi (you wash yourself)... lui si lava, noi ci laviamo, voi si lavate, loro si lavano.

Italian Reflexive Verbs are used more often than in English; sometimes you can use a reflexive verb in Italian but not in English:


13/69

13

io mi chiamo Roberto = my name is Robert (literally I call myself Robert)

Italian Direct Object (not after preposition): almost the same as the ones you just saw in the Italian reflexive verbs (mi, ti, lo/ la, ci, vi,le), the difference is in the blue font (3rd person singular and plural).

Lui mi dice (he tells me), io ti dico (I tell you), io lo/ la vedo (I see him/her), il ci dice (he tells us), io vi dico (I tell you all), il le vede(he sees them)

Writing training: write the same conversation which was between Speak7 and Maria, but this time you and an imaginary person, try

to look up info that you dont know their translation in Italian, apply some of the grammar you learned, and see how it goes

Speaking training: try to read the conversation you just wrote out loud, train yourself well, you might need that for a realconversation in the future.

This table has some useful expression that might help you expend your knowledge of Italian:


14/69

14

Italian ExpressionsExactly! Esatto!Excellent! ttimo

Excuse Me ...! ( to ask for something) Scusami!/ Mi scusi! (polite)Excuse Me! ( to pass by) PermessoFour, Five, Six Quattro, Cinque, Sei.Give Me This! Dammi questo!Go ahead! Stto!/ Passi pure!Go on! Avanti!Go Straight! Then Turn Left/ Right! Vada dritto! e poi giri a destra/ sinistra!Good Bye! Arrivederci!Good evening Buonasera

Good Luck! Buona fortuna!Good Morning! Buongiorno!Good night BuonanotteGood Night & Sweet Dreams! Buona notte e sogni d'oro!Good/ Bad/ So-So. Buono/ Cattico/ Cos e cosGood/ So-So. Bene/ cos e cos.Goodbye ArrivederciHands up! Mani in alto!Happy Birthday! Buon compleanno!Happy Easter Buona Pasqua

Happy Holidays! Buone feste!Happy New Year! Felice anno nuovo!/ Buon CapodannoHave a good holiday! Buona vacanza!Have a good stay Buona permanenzaHave a good time/ Enjoy yourself Buon divertimento!Have a good trip/ journey Buon viaggio.Hello! Prnto!


15/69

15

Hello, Bye CiaoHello, who's this? Prnto, chi parla?Here is / Here are... Ecco...

Here You Go! (when giving something) Eccolo!Hey! Friend! Ciao! Amico!Hey, you Ehi lHi! Ciao!Hold On Please! (phone) Attenda prego!How Are You? Come stai?/ Come state (polite)?How boring! Che barba!How do you feel? Come si snte?How Do You Say "Please" In Italian? Come dite please in italiano?

How far is it to Milano (from here)? Quanto dista Milano (da qui)?How long are you staying here? Per quanto tempo si ferma/ti fermi/ vi fermate qui?How long have you been here? Da quanto tempo /sei/siete qui?How Much Is This? Quanto costa questo?How Old Are You? Quanti anni hai?How's going? Come va?/ Come t la passi?Hurry Up! Sbrigati!/ Fccia presto!I beg your pardon. Sorry. ScusiI Don't Know! Non lo so!I don't remember Non ricordo.


16/69

16

Italian Past participle:

Italian Past ParticipleParlare: parlato (spoken)

Credere: creduto (believed)

Partire: partito (gone)

-Sono Partito(Im gone, masculine)

lei partita (she is gone)

Siamo partiti(were gone, for men)

Sono stataa Roma (Ive been to Rome,a female talking)

Siamo stati...(we have been..,for men)

-Ho avutoil tempo per farlo (Ive had

Regular Form: Simply add (~ato, ~uto, ~ito) to the stem ofverbs, depending on the type of verbs, if the verb in theinfinitive ends with ~are, then add ~ato: parlato (the verbparlare), add ~uto to the verbs ending with ~are: creduto(the verb credere), and finally add ~ito to the verbs endingin their infinitive with ~ire: partito (the verb partire)

Note that some verbs take their past participle with theverb avere, while some other verbs take their pastparticiple with the verb essere (usually motion verbs)

Also note that the past participle of verbs going withessere should agree with the number and gender, so forexample partito (gone) can also be partita/ partiti/ partite.

Verbs going with avere dont have to agree with the

number and gender, look in the examples in the side.

Remember: to form the past participle with verbsconjugated with essere the gender and number matter,but not with verbs conjugated with avere.

Pastparticiple reflexive verbs go always with essere, mi

Irregular Form: memorizethe verbs that take irregularforms in the past participlesuch as:

Verb/Past part/English

Fare: fatto (done)

Aprire: aperto (opened)

Chiedere: chiesto (asked)

Chiudere: chiuso (closed)

Coprire: coperto (covered)

Dare: dato (given)

Dire: detto (said)

Leggere: letto (read)


17/69

17

the time to do it)

Ho parlatoal telefono(Ive talked)

Ha parlato (and not ha parlata) (she havespoken/ she spoke)

Abbiamo parlato (and not parlati)

Ho detto (Ive said)

Ha detto (he/she has said)

sono lavato (Ive washed myself), ci siamo lavati (wevewashed ourselves).

Mettere: messo (put)

Offrire: offerto (offered)

Perdere: perso (lost)

Prendere: preso (taken)

Scrivere: scritto (written)

Spendere: speso (spent)

Vedere: visto (seen)

Vivere:vissuto (lived)

Rompere: rotto (broken)

Our number #1 choice for learning Italian is Rocket Italian.

Test them out with their six day free trial offer


18/69

18

Comparison in Italian

Equality: as as [tanto...quanto... (or) cos come (used only with adjectives)]

He is as tall as his father: Giovanni tanto alto quanto su padre/ Or/ Giovanni cos alto come su padre.

Tanto quanto (used only with nouns, note that they have to agree in number and gender with the noun)

Ho tante penne quanti libri (I have as many pens as books)

Superiority: more than...pidi (or) pi...che

Romano pi alto di Giovanni. (Roman is taller than John) (pidi is used to compare two people or two things)

Compro pi libri checibo (I buy more books than food) (piche... is used to compare two characteristics of one person or thing)

Inferiority: less than...menodi (or) meno...che

Romano meno alto di Giovanni. (Roman is less taller than John) (menodi is used to compare two people or two things)

Compro meno libri checibo (I buy less books than food) (menoche... is used to compare two characteristics of one person or thing)


19/69

19

Superlative: (the most..., the ~est = il/ la/ li/le pi +adjective ... di....or ~issimo, ~issima, ~issimi, ~issime)

In Italian, superlatives are formed by adding the suffix ~issimo to an adjective or adverb after taking off the final vowel, the suffixadded should agree in number and gender. So it can be (~issimo, ~issima, issimi, ~issime) also you can form a superlative by adding:(il/ la/ li/le pi +adjective ... di)

Questa la casa pi grande di Roma.

il Diamante il pi durodelle pietre preziose (diamonds are the toughest amongst precious stones).

Gli elefanti sono ipi grandi animali del mondo (Elephants are the biggest animals in the world)

Rosa la bambina meno attiva dalla scuola (Rosa is the child less active in school)

Le case americane sono grandissimi (American houses are huge, the biggest)

In spoken Italian the "~issimo" is less used while palcing "molto, tanto, parecchio, assai" before the adjectives instead.

Lo snowboard uno sport moltofacile da imparare, moltopifacile dello sci (Snowboard is a sport very easy to learn much easierthan Skiing)

Questa studentessa moltointelligente. (this student is very intelligent)

Also you can express superlative by repeating the adjective or adverb.

il parla veloce veloce. (he speaks very fast).


20/69

20

These are irregular forms of the superlative (adjectives and adverbs)

Italian Comparative and SuperlativeAdjective Comparative Relative Superlative Absolute Superlativegrande (big) maggiore (big) (il) massimo (biggest) massimo (biggest)piccolo (small) minore (smaller) (il) minimo (smallest) minimo (smallest)alto (high) superiore (higher) (il) supremo/sommo (highest) supremo/sommo (highest)basso (low) inferiore (lower) (il) infimo (lowest) infimo (lowest)buono (good) migliore (better) (il) ottimo (best) ottimo (best)cattivo (bad) peggiore (worse) (il) pessimo (worst) pessimo (worst)

Adverb Comparative Relative Superlative Absolute SuperlativeMolto (much) Pi (more) (il) pi (the) most Moltissimo (very much)Poco (little) Meno (less) (il) meno (the) least Pochissimo (very little)Bene (well) Meglio (better) (il) meglio (the) best Benissimo (very well)Male (badly) Peggio (worse) (il) peggio (the) worst Pessimo (very badly)

Italian Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstratives are: (this: questo, these: questi, that: quel, those: quei)


21/69

21

Italian Demonstrative Pronouns

This These That ThoseMasculine before a consonant

before a vowel

questo

quest'

questi

questi

quel

quell'

quei

quegliFeminine before a consonant

before a vowel

questa

quest'

queste

queste

quella

quell'

quelle

quelle

before z, gn, or s + consonant (quello: that, quegli: those) only for masculine. Quegli studenti (those students)

Questo bambino molto intelligente. (this child is very intelligent)

Questa studentessa molto intelligente. (this female student is very intelligent)

Questa la mia penna (this is my pen)

Quella casa molto grande. (that house is very big)

Quelle casi sono molti grande (those house are very big)


22/69

22

Note that in Italian demonstrative pronouns if you use that and those as a subject, use these four forms: quello for masculine singular,quella for feminine singular, quelli for masculine plural, and quelle for feminine plural. Example: quello il mio libro (that is mybook).

Writing training: write the same conversation which was between Robert and Giovanni, but this time you and an imaginary person,try to look up info that you dont know their translation in Italian, apply some of the grammar you learned, and see how it g oes


This is a list of some expressions in Italian:

Italian ExpressionsI Don't Understand! Non capisco!I Feel Sick. Mi sento male!

I forgot. Ho dimenticato.I Have No Idea. Non ne ho idea!I Have To Go Devo andareI hope so./Let's hope so. Spero di si./Speriamo.I Like Italian Mi piace l'italiano.I like you very much. Mi piaci tanto.I live in (the U.S/ Italia) Vivo (negli stati uniti / in Italia)


23/69

23

I live in that house there Abito in quella casa lI Love You! Ti amo!/ Ti voglio bene!I Missed You So Much! Mi sei mancato molto!

I Need A Doctor Ho bisogno di un dottore!I need to practice my Italian ho bisogno di fare pratica con il mio italianoI often come to Italy Vengo spesso in ItaliaI Really Like It! Mi piace davvero.I Will Be Right Back! Torno subito!I wish I had a car. Se solo avessi una macchina!I Work As A (Translator/ Businessman) Lavoro come (traduttore/ uomo d'affari)Im (American) Sono (americano).I'd love to come. Mi far molto piacere venire.I'd Like To Visit Italia One Day Mi piacerebbe visitare l'Italia un giorno di questi!I'll be glad to (do it) Con piacere.I'll call back later. Richiamo pi tardi.I'll let you talk to... Le passo...I'm (twenty, thirty) Years Old. Ho (venti, trenta ) anni.I'm bored. Mi annoio.I'm cold. Ho freddo.I'm coming! Vengo!I'm Fine, Thanks! Bene, grazie!I'm From (the U.S/ Italia) Sono (statunitense, italiano).

I'm hot. Ho caldo.I'm Hungry/ Thirsty. Sono Affamato/ Assetato.I'm in a hurry. Ho fretta.I'm Looking For John. Sto cercando John.I'm Lost Mi sono perso/ persa (feminine)I'm sleepy. I'm going to bed Ho sonno. Vado a letto.I'm sorry I'm late. Mi dispiace di essere in ritardo.


24/69

24

I'm Sorry! (if you don't hear something) Sono spiacente!In The Morning/ Evening/ At Night. Di mattina/ Di sera/ Di notte. (also Stamattina/ Stasera = this ~)Is he/she at home? E a casa?

Is John there? C' Giovanni?Is that all right? D'accordo?Is there anyone here who speaks English? C' qualcuno qui che parla inglese?Is this place taken? E occupato questo posto?Is this right? E giusto?Isnt it? Vero?It looks good. Sembra buono.Italia Is a Wonderful Country L'italia un paese meraviglioso.It's 10 o'clock. 07:30pm. Sono le dieci precise. le sette e trenta


25/69

25

Italian Past Tense

In Italian you can only make the past tense by combining (the auxiliary + the pa st participle), its not that complicated, its almost likeEnglish, almost the same way you make the present perfect to express something that happened in the past, you can say in English: Iwrote a book, or Ive written a book, in Italian you can only say Ive written the book.

Italian Past TenseHo

Hai

Ha

Abbiamo

Avete

Hanno

~ato (with ~are verbs)

~uto (with ~are verbs)

~ito (with ~are verbs)

Sono

Sei

Siamo

Siete

Sono

~ato/a/i/e (with ~are verbs)

~uto/a/i/e (with ~are verbs)

~ito/a/i/e (with ~are verbs)

http://www.rocketlanguages.com/italian/premium/?aff=wmmedia&type=nohop&tid=speakhttp://www.rocketlanguages.com/italian/premium/?aff=wmmedia&type=nohop&tid=speakhttp://www.rocketlanguages.com/italian/premium/?aff=wmmedia&type=nohop&tid=speakhttp://www.rocketlanguages.com/italian/premium/?aff=wmmedia&type=nohop&tid=speak


26/69

26

Italian Present Perfectavere vs essere avere Verbs essere Verbs avere &essere Irregulars

Pronoun Parlare

(to speak)

Sapere

(to know)

Finire

(to finish)

Partire

(to go)

Vedere

(to see)

Nascere

(to be born)I

You

He/She

We

You

They

Io

Tu

Lui/ lei

Noi

Voi

Loro

Ho parlato

Hai parlato

Ha parlato

Abbiamo parlato

Avete parlato

Hanno parlato

Ho saputo

Hai saputo

Ha saputo

Abbiamo saputo

Avete saputo

Hanno saputo

Ho finito

Hai finito

Ha finito

Abbiamo finito

Avete finito

Hanno finito

Sono partito

Sei partito

partito

Siamo partiti

Siete partiti

Sono partiti

Ho visto

Hai visto

Ha visto

Abbiamo visto

Avete visto

Hanno visto

Sono nato

Sei nato

nato

Siamo nati

Siete nati

Sono nati

As you may have noticed in the table above, most verbs are conjugated with avere, however some verbs are conjugated withessere.
http://www.babylon.com/affiliates/landing/index.php?id=11158&lang=eng


27/69

27

As I have mentioned in the past participle lesson, regular form simply add (~ato, ~uto, ~ito) to the stem of verbs, depending on thetype of verbs, if the verbs in the infinitive ends with ~are, then add ~ato: parlato (the verb parlare), add ~uto to the verbs ending with~are: creduto (the verb credere), and finally add ~ito to verbs ending in their infinitive with ~ire: partito (the verb partire)

Note that some verbs take their past participle with the verb avere, while some other verbs take their past participle with the verbessere (usually motion verbs)

Also note that the past participle of verbs associated with essere should agree with the number and gender, so for example partito(gone) can also be sono partita (I went, for a female)/siamo partiti(we men went)/ siete partite (you females went)

Verbs going with avere dont have to agree with the number and gender, look at the examples in the table above.

Remember: to form the past participle with verbs conjugated with essere the gender and number matter, but not with verbs

conjugated with avere.

Irregular Forms: memorize the verbs that take irregular forms in the past participle such as:

Verb/ Past participle /English

Fare: fatto (done)Aprire: aperto (opened)



28/69

28



Dare: dato (given)

Dire: detto (said)












29/69

29

So you dont have to add (ate, uto, ito) to these verbs on the top, take their whole new form and place an auxiliary verb avere or

essere before them.

Verbs that go with essere, most of them are verbs ofmotionhere is a list:

Italian Verbs with EssereVerb Translation Past Participle

andare to go andatoarrivare to arrive arrivatocadere to fall cadutodiventare to become diventatoentrare to enter entratoessere to be statomorire to die mortonascere to be born natopartire to leave partitorimanere to remain rimastosalire to get into salitoscendere to get out of scesosuccedere to happen successotornare to return tornatouscire to go out uscitovenire to come venuto


30/69

30

Except these verbs on the top, 90% of the rest of verbs go with avere.

Non ho mai visitatoRoma. (Ive never visited Rome)

Dove hai passato le vacanze? (where have you spent your vacation?)

Ho visto un film interessante la settimana scorsa (I watched a very interesting movie last week)

Sono nato negli USA (I was born in the U.S)

Siamo nati in Spagna (we were born in Spain)

Italian Interrogative

To make a question in Italian you simply need to add a question mark to the sentence, if youre speaking then just add a tone to your

words.However you need to know some other forms, you can make a question in three ways:

Hichamha un cane? (does Hicham have a dog?)Ha un cane Hicham? (does Hicham have a dog?)HaHicham un cane? (does Hicham have a dog?)


31/69

31

Also you may need some interrogative pronouns and interrogative prepositions to help you make questions:

Who? chi?

Whose? di chi?

Where? dove?

What? che cosa?

What? che?

What? cosa?

Why? perch?

When? quando?

How? come?

How much? quanto?

Which? quale

To whom? a chi?

Note: if (dove, come, quale) are followed by (), then they drop their final e and add

Like (dov, com) quale adds only the so it becomes qual

Chi sono io? (who I am?)

Cosa dici? (what are you saying?)

Come stai? (how are you?)

Quale il suo nome? (whats your name?)

Di dove sei? (where are you from?)

Dove vivi? (where do you live?)

Quanti anni hai?

Come si chiama quella cosa in italiano?

Cosa significa "scusami" in inglese?

Che ore sono?


32/69

32

With whom? con chi?

Where from..? di dove?

Ti piace qui? (do you like it here?)

Italian Possessive Pronoun

most of the time the article (il/la/i/le) should be used before the possessive form, example:

il mio libro (my book)

la mia casa dove sono felice (my house is where Im happy)

However you may use the possessive form without its preceding article (il/la/i/le) in these cases:

-Before family relation words in the singular. mio pardre (my father)

-When the pronoun follows the verb "essere", "Questa mia" (this is mine)

-When the adjective follows the noun it refers to, "Questi sono libri miei" (these are my book)

Possessive Adjective Prepositionobject

Italian Possessive PronounDirect Indirect Singular possessive Plural possessive

io Mi Mi Me My/mine il mio la mia i miei le mie


33/69

33

Tu

Lui/ lei

Noi

Voi

Loro

Ti

Lo/ la

Ci

Vi

Li/ le

Ti

Gli/ le

Ci

Vi

Loro

Te

Lui/ lei

Noi

Voi

Loro

Your/ Yours

His/Her/Hers

Our/ Ours

Your/ Yours

Their/ Theirs

il tuo

il suo

il nostro

il vostro

il loro

la tua

la sua

la nostra

la vostra

la loro

i tuoi

i suoi

i nostri

i vostri

i loro

le tue

le sue

le nostre

le vostre

le loro

Italian Direct Object Pronouns

They are similar to reflexive pronouns, except in the third person singular and plural ("si"). Object pronouns have two forms: one isused when the pronoun is placed before the verb form or combined with it, the other when the pronoun is placed after the verb.

Object pronouns can replace more than one word or an entire sentence, and both direct and indirect pronouns go directly in front of theverb, except loro, which always follows the verb.

ti amo (I love you), la amo (I love her), mi ami (you love me).

With infinitives or participles, the pronoun (except loro) follows it and is written as one word. Posso studiarla oggi (I can study ittoday)

In the negative form, "non" precede the pronoun placed in front of verb. Non laposso studiare oggi (I cant study it today)


34/69

34

In case you have more than one pronoun, the indirect comes before the direct. Tei amo, te lo dico desso (I love you, I tell it to younow)

Confusion Issues:

Dont confuse;

E: is

Ch : whatDa: verb (dare)

La: there

Se: himself/ Herself

Si: yes

With:

E: and

Che : thatDa: from

La: the (feminine)

Se: if

Si: himself (reflexive)


35/69

35

Writing training: write the same conversation which was between Speak7 and Antonio, but this time you and an imaginary person,try to look up info that you dont know their translation in Italian, apply some of the grammar you learned, and see how it g oes



Italian ExpressionsIt's a deal Affare fattoit's bad (weather) Fa brutto tempoit's cold (weather) Fa freddoit's cool (weather) Fa frescoit's foggy (weather) C' la nebbiait's freezing (weather) Fa un freddo gelidoit's hot (weather) Fa caldoit's humid (weather) umido

It's me Sno ioIt's nice (weather) Fa bel tempoit's raining (weather) Pioveit's snowing Nevicait's stormy Il tempo burrascosoit's sunny C' il sole


36/69

36

It's urgent. E urgente.it's windy Tira ventoIt's worth it Vale la pena

It's your turn! Tcca a te!I've Been Learning Italian For 1 Month imparo l'italiano da un mese.I've got a cold. Ho un raffreddore.I've got a headache/sore throat/ stomachache. Ho mal di testa/gola/stomaco.January 6 wish Buona BefanaJust a Little. Solo un po'.Keep calm! Calm down! Calma! Calmati!Leave me alone Lasciami stareLets go/have something to eat? Andiamo?/Andiamo a mangiareLet's go home. Andiamo a casa.Let's see. Vediamo.Listen! Ascolti/a/ate!Look! Guarda!Lucky you Buon per teLucky you! Beato/a (te, lui, lei) Beati/e (voi loro)Make yourself at home Faccia come se fsse a casa sua/ Mttiti in libertMay I come in? Posso entrareMay I help you? Posso aiutarLaMay I help you? Psso esserle utile?

May I talk to... Potri parlare con...May I? Posso?Me/ You. Him/ Her. io/ tu, voi (you polite). Lui/ LeiMerry Christmas Buon NataleMind your business Fatti gli affari tuoiMr.../ Mrs./ Miss Signor / Signora (usually for both Mrs. & Ms)Much better Molto meglio


37/69

37

My feet hurt. Mi fanno male i piedi.My Italian Is Bad. il mio italiano orribile.My name is ..., I would like to talk to ... Mi chiamo ..., vorri parlare con...

My Name Is . Mi chiamo ...My pleasure Con piacere/ Piacere mioNever mind Non importaNext! Stto a chi tcca!


38/69

38

Italian ConversationsA-Mi scusi! Dove posso trovare la strada Marconi?

B-Vada dritto! E poi giri a destra, la c la strada Marconi.

A-Dov la stazione ferroviaria?

B-Vada alla chiesa, giri a sinistra e prosegua per un isolato.

A-Dov lospidale?

B-Prosegua per quattro isolati, fino a un ristorante, poi giri a destra e prosegua per due isolati, l c lospidale.

A-Dov la biblioteca?

B-Prosegua su questa strada e passi la scuola, quando alla stazione ferroviaria, giri a destra e la c la biblioteca.

A-Sei molto gentile! Grazie!

Dove: where/ trovare: find/ turn: giri/ prosegua: keep straight/ isolato: block

Prepositions in Italian


39/69

39

Prepositions are a little bit tricky because they change depending on the gender and number. Note that the prepositions a, con, da, di,in, per and su have contracted forms with the definite articles:

Italian PrepositionsSimple prepositions: (di, a, da, in, su, con, per, tra,fra)

Prepositional contractions: for phonetic reasons, prepositions (di, a,da, in, su, con) are contracted to the articles they precede.

Un bicchiere di latte (a glass ofmilk)

Un tipo di musica (a kind ofmusic)

Regalo un libro a Carlos (I offered a book to Carlos)

Regalo un libro ad Antonio (ad is used before vowels)

Da Parigi a Roma (from Paris to Rome)

Scrivo con mi penna (I write with my pen)

il regalo per Rayan (the present is for Rayan)

Laereo vola su Roma (the plane flies over Rome)

Un libro su Da Vinci (a book about Da Vinci)

La penna fra le due libri nera

(the pen between the two books is black)

La puerta della casa (di + la= della) (the door of the house)

Regalo un libro al bambino (a + il = al) (I offer a book to the child)

Regalo un libro agli amici (a + gli = agli) (I offer a book to the friends)

Dalla citt alla campagna (da + la = dalla, a + la = alla)

(from the city to the village)

il latte nella bottiglia (in + la = nella) (milk is in the bottle)

il libro sul tavolo (su + il = sul) (the book above the table)

luomo col berreto (con + il = col) (the man with the hat)

Easy right!


40/69

40

La penna tra le due libri grigia

(the pen between the two books is grey)


A list of most the most used prepositions in Italian:


41/69

41

Prepositions in Italiana (to, toward)avanti (before)

con (with)contro (against)da (since, from, of)di (of; from; at)dentro (within, into, in)dietro (behind)

dopo (later, soon, after)

davanti (in front of, before)

durante (during, while)fra (in, between)in (in, inside, within)

in avanti (forward)

inverso (against)

fuori (outside)indietro (behind)

malgrado (despite, in spite of)oltre (beyond, further)

per (for, through, per)presso (nearby)secondo (according to)senza (without)

sotto (below, under, beneath)su (on, up, above)tra (from among, between)verso (about, towards)

Uno contro l'altro (against eachother)

La vita non male, malgrado tutto (life is not bad, despite all)Abito in Roma da due anni

Tazza di coffe

Un bichiere di latte (a bottle of milk)

Un tipo di musica (a kind of music)

Regalo un libro a Maria (I offered a book to Maria)Regalo un libro ad Antonio (before vowels) (...to Antonio)

Da Parigi a Roma (from Paris to Rome)

Scrivo con mi penna (I write with my pen)

il regalo e per Speak7 (the gift is for Speak7 )

Laereo vola su Roma (The plane flies over Rome)Un libro su Da Vinci (the book about Da Vinci)

La penna fra li due libri (the pen between the two books)

Si pu vivere senza amici? (can we live without friends?)


42/69

42

The table below show how they contract, its advised to memorize it or at least refer to it each time you wonder how to contract thepronoun with the preposition:

The + di (some) a (to, for) da (from) in (in, by) su (over, about) con (with) Per (for)il

l

lo

la

i

gli

le

del

dell

dello

della

dei

degli

delle

al

all

allo

alla

ai

agli

alle

dal

dall

dallo

dalla

dai

dagli

dalli

nel

nell

nello

nella

nei

negli

nelle

sul

sull

sullo

sulla

sui

sugli

sulle

col

coll

collo

colla

coi

cogli

colle

Pel

--

--

--

Pei

--

--

Italian Modal Verbs

Below is a table showing the helping verbs that come before the main verb, usually the verb coming after the modal verb take itsinfinitive just like English.

Italian Modal Verbs


43/69

43

Modal

Verbs

Potere

(to be able to, can)

Dovere

(to have to, must)

Volere

(to want)

Ora posso dirti grazie.(now I can tell you thanks!

Devo partire subito. (I have to go right now)

Voglio vivere. (I want to live)

Vuole avere una bicicletta.(he wants to have a bike)

Che penna vuoi? (which pen do you want?)

Io

Tu

Lui/lei

Noi

Voi

Loro

Posso

Puoi

Pu

Possiamo

Potete

Possono

Devo

Devi

Deve

Dobbiamo

Dovete

Devono

Voglio

Vuoi

Vuole

Vogliamo

Volete

Vogliono

Italian Future Tense

For (~are) verbs, they change first their final (~are) into (~er), example (parlare parler) then they add the suffixes (-, -ai, -, -emo,-ete, -anno).

For (~ere, and ~ire) verbs, they simply drop their final (e) and add the suffixes (-, -ai, -, -emo, -ete, -anno). Refer to the table abovefor examples.


44/69

44

As you may have noticed there are some irregular verbs that follow a different pattern, Essere and avere are one of them, so you haveto memorize them instead of looking at the pattern they follow. Other examples of irregular future tense: and r (I will go), far (I willgo), star (I will be), sapr (I will know), dovr (I will have to), potr (I will be able to), vorr (I will want), vedr (I will see), verr (Iwill come).

Italian Future TenseFuture endings Parlare (to speak) Scrivere (to write) Partire (to go) Essere (to be) Avere (to have)

Io

Tu

Lui/ leiNoi

Voi

Loro

~

~ai

~~emo

~ete

~anno

parlerparleraiparlerparleremo

parlereteparleranno

scriverscriveraiscriverscriveremo

scriveretescriveranno

partirpartiraipartirpartiremo

partiretepartiranno

sarsaraisarsaremo

saretesaranno

avravraiavravremo

avreteavranno

Writing training: write the same conversation which was between A and B, but this time you and an imaginary person, try to look upinfo that you dont know their translation in Italian, apply some of the grammar you learned, and see how it goes


45/69

45



Expressions in ItalianNice To Meet You! un piacere conoscerti!/ un piacere conoscerla (polite)

No Problem! Non c' problema!No, it's free. No, libero.No, it's not allowed. No, proibito.Not at all Per nienteNot too bad Non c' maleNot well MaleNothing Much Non moltoO.K. See you tomorrow. Va bene. Ci vediamo domani.Oh! That's Good! Grande!One Moment Please! Un momento prego!

One, Two, Three Uno, Due, Tre.Out of my house Fuori da casa miaPlease Per favore/ Per piacerePlease come in ntriPlease sit down Se sieda/Siediti.Pleasure Piacere


46/69

46

Really! Davvero!Saint's Day wish Buon onomasticoSame to you Grazie altrettanto

Say Hi To John For me. Saluta John da parte mia!See you later A pi tardi/ A dopoSee you next Monday. A luned prossimoSee you soon Ci vediamo/ A prestoSee you tomorrow A domaniSeven, Eight, Nine, Ten Sette, Otto, Nove, Dieci.Sleep well! Buon riposo!So long AddioSo so Cos cosSorry (for a mistake) Scusami!/ Mi scusi! (polite)

Sorry to bother you Scusi/Scusa/Scusate se la/ti/vi disturboSpeak up! Parli frte!Stop it! Enough! Basta!/ Finiscila (Finitela)Stop thief! Al ladro!Take care Stia beneTake care of yourself! Attenta a teTake your time Con comodoTell me, I' m very interested Racconti, mi interessa moltoThank You (Very Much)! Grazie (molto)!

Thank you too! Grazie altrettantoThat sounds interesting. Sembra interessante.That's a good idea. Che bell'idea.That's all Non c' altroThat's good! Ch bravo/a/i/e!The door is open La porta apertathe morning, the afternoon, the evening, the night la mattina, il pomeriggio, la sera, la notte,


47/69

47

there are ci sono ..This evening, tonight StaseraThis time Stavolta

this morning, today afternoon, this evening, tonight stamattina, oggi pomeriggio, stasera, stanotte

Italian AdjectivesSingular masculine Singular feminine Plural masculine Plural feminine

Small

Opened

Piccolo

Aperto

Piccola

Aperta

Piccoli

Aperti

Piccole

Aperte

However, its not always the case, some adjectives ending with e for example only change to their plural, the feminine or masculinedoesnt matter to them.


Big

Interesting

Green

Grande

Interessante

Verde

Grande

Interessante

Verde

Grandi

Interessanti

Verdi

Grandi

Interessanti

Verdi


48/69

48

Other exceptions are:

Adjectives ending in ~co/~ca and ~go/~ga are spelt ~chi/~che and ~ghi/~ghe in the plural; these modifications are made simply tomaintain the same sound in the plural as well as the singular.


White

Long

Bianco

Lungo

Bianca

Lunga

Bianchi

Lunghi

Bianche

Lunghe


Some Italian Irregular Adjectives are: buono, bello, quello, theyre


49/69

49

Buon/ Buono buona, Buoni Buoni (Buono is used when uno could be used)

For bello and quello, they are treated like the prepositions (a, con, da, di, in )

Italian ContractionsThe + Bello

(beautiful)Quello

(that)il

llo

la

i

gli

le

bel

bellbello

bella

bei

begli

belle

quel

quellquello

quella

quei

quegli

quelle

As said before adjectives in Italian usually come after the noun they are describing but there are exceptions where the adjective alwaysstand before its noun; here some examples:


50/69

50

-possessive adjectives (il mio, il tuo) -demonstrative adjectives (quest, quello )-the adjectives "molto" (much) and "troppo" (toomuch) -some adjectives denoting size can come either before or after their noun (un grande amico: a great friend) (un amico grande: atall/ huge/ big friend), usually when you have such adjectives before the name you focus more on the abstract meaning, while thephysical meaning is conveyed when you place the adjective after the noun.

Negation in Italian

To form negative forms just add (non before the verb, Capisco (I understand), noncapisco (I dont understand). Also in otherexpressions where there is no verb: non c problema! (there is no problem)

Italian uses a lot double negatives: non ho dico niente(I havent said anything)

Italian NegationSome negative expressions:

never: mai

no longer: non ... pi

nothing: niente

nobody: nessuno

If you have verb then you need to place it after the first non, all of them are double negatives:

never: non ...mai (di sabato non lavoro mai: I never work on Saturdays)

no longer: non ... pi (non lavoro pi: I no longer work)

nothing: non niente (non ho niente: I have nothing)

nobody: non ...nessuno (non conosco nessuno: I dont know anyone)

neither nor: non ... n ...n (non ho n soldi n felicit: I have neither money nor


51/69

51

not even: neanche

neither nor: n ...n

not important: da niente

no, not...any: nessun

at all: per niente

happiness)

Past Perfect in Italian

The Trapassato prossimo (recent pluperfect tense) is similar to the English past perfect "I had gone"; it expresses actions which havetaken place a long time ago and ended.

In Italian you can only make the past perfect by combining (the auxiliary in the past + the past participle), its not that c omplicated,its almost like English, almost the same way you make the past perfect to express something that had happened in the past: I hadwritten a book. (avevo escrito il libro)

Italian Past PerfectAvevo

Avevi

Aveva

~ato (with ~are verbs)

~uto (with ~are verbs)

Ero

Eri

Era

~ato/a/i/e (with ~are verbs)

~uto/a/i/e (with ~are verbs)


52/69

52

Avevamo

Avevate

Avevano

~ito (with ~are verbs)

Eravamo

Eravate

Erano

~ito/a/i/e (with ~are verbs)

Past Perfect in Italianavere vs essere avere Verbs essere Verbs avere &essere Irregulars

Pronoun Parlare

(to speak)

Sapere

(to know)

Finire

(to finish)

Partire

(to go)

Vedere

(to see)

Nascere

(to be born)I

You

He/She

We

YouThey

Io

Tu

Lui/ lei

Noi

VoiLoro

Avevo parlato

Avevi parlato

Aveva parlato

Avevamo parlato

Avevate parlatoAvevano parlato

Avevo saputo

Avevi saputo

Aveva saputo

Avevamo saputo

Avevate saputoAvevano saputo

Avevo finito

Avevi finito

Aveva finito

Avevamo finito

Avevate finitoAvevano finito

Ero partito

Eri partito

Era partito

Eravano partiti

Eravate partitiErano partiti

Avevo visto

Avevi visto

Aveva visto

Avevamo visto

Avevate vistoAvevano visto

Ero andato

Eri andato

Era andato

Eravano andato

Eravate andatoErano andato


53/69

53

As you may have noticed in the table above, most verbs are conjugated with avere, howeve r some verbs are conjugated withessere.

As I have mentioned in the present perfect lesson, regular form simply add (~ato, ~uto, ~ito) to the stem of verbs, depending on thetype of verbs, if the verbs in the infinitive ends with ~are, then add ~ato: parlato (the verb parlare), add ~uto to the verbs ending with~are: creduto (the verb credere), and finally add ~ito to verbs ending in their infinitive with ~ire: partito (the verb partire)

Note that some verbs take their past participle with the verb avere, while some other verbs take their past participle with the verbessere (usually motion verbs)

Also note that the past participle of verbs associated with essere should agree with the number and gender, so for example partito(gone) can also be ero partita (I had gone, for a female)/ eravano partiti(we men had gone)/ eravate partite (you females had gone)

Verbs associated with avere dont have to agree with the number and gender, look at the examples in the table above.

Remember: to form the pastperfect with verbs conjugated with essere the gender and number matter, but not with verbs conjugatedwith avere.

Irregular Forms: memorize the verbs that take irregular forms in the past participle such as:

Verb/ Past participle/ English

Fare: fatto (done)

Aprire: aperto (opened)


54/69

54




Dare: dato (given)

Dire: detto (said)












55/69

55

So you dont have to add (ate, uto, ito) to these verbs on the top, take their whole new form and place an past form o f the auxiliaryverb avere or essere before them.

Verbs that go with essere, most of them are verbs of motionhere is a list:

Verb

Translation Past Participleandare to go andato

arrivare to arrive arrivatocadere to fall cadutodiventare to become diventatoentrare to enter entratoessere to be statomorire to die mortonascere to be born natopartire to leave partito

rimanere to remain rimastosalire to get into salitoscendere to get out of scesosuccedere to happen successotornare to return tornatouscire to go out uscito


56/69

56

venire to come venuto

Except these verbs on the top, 90% of the rest of verbs go with avere.


Italian ExpressionsThis/ That. Here/There Questo/ Quello. Qui/ Li.Till Monday. Fino a luned.Today/ Now Oggi/ AdessoTomorrow/ Yesterday Domani/ ieriVery well, thank you. And you? Bne, grzie, e Li?Wait a minute! Asptti un momento!

Wait for me! Mi asptti! Mi aspttino!Wait! Asptti!Watch out AttenzioneWe had a lot of fun Ci siamo proprio divertiti.Welcome! (to greet someone) Benvenuto!/ Benvenuta! (female)Well done Bn fatto!What a lovely day! Che bella giornata!


57/69

57

What a mess Che macelloWhat Do You Do For A Living? cosa fai per vivere?What Does "scusami" Mean In English? Cosa significa "scusami" in inglese?What happened to you? Che Le succsso?What Is This? Cos' questa cosa?What should I say? Come devo dire?What Time Is It? Che ore sono?What? Where? Cosa? Dove?What's New? che c' di nuovo?What's That Called In Italian? Come si chiama quella cosa in italiano?What's the date (today)? Che data (oggi)?What's the matter? Che ha?What's wrong with you? Che ti prnde?

What's Your Name? Quale il suo nome?What's the weather like today? Che tempo fa oggi?Where Are You From? Di dove sei?/ Di dove ? (polite)Where Do You Live? Dove vivi?/ Dove vive? (polite)Where is the (bathroom/ pharmacy)? Dove posso trovare (il bagno/ la farmacia?)Who is this? Chi ?Whom am I talking to? Con chi parlo?Who's that girl? Chi quella ragazza?Who's this? Chi parla?

Why do you learn Italian? Perch studia l'italiano?Will you show me your photos? Mi fa/fai vedere le fotografie?Would you like (a cup of coffe, a drink)? Gradisce (un caff, un bicchierino...)?Would you like to go for a walk? Vuole/Vuoi/Volete fare una passeggiata?Write It Down Please! Scrivilo per favore!/ Lo scriva per favore (polite)Yes, I do, but I prefer tea. Si, mi piace, ma preferisco ilYes/ No Si/ No


58/69

58

You are right. Ha ragione.You're crazy! Sei pazzo!You're Very Kind! Sei molto gentile!/ lei molto gentile (polite)You're Welcome! (answering "thank you") Prego!

Gerund in Italian

The gerund is easy to form, for (~are) verbs just add ~ando to their stem, for (~ere, ~ire) verbs add ~endo to their stem.
http://www.rocketlanguages.com/italian/premium/?aff=wmmedia&type=nohop&tid=speak


59/69

59

Parlare: parlando (talking), credere: credendo (believing), partire: partendo (going).

Present continuous/ Past continuous/ Future continuous can be formed easily with the verb stare + verb + gerund.

To form a continuous action you need to add the verb stare and not essere

Italian GerundPresent continuous (Im ing) Past continuous (I was ...ing) Future continuous (I will be

...ing)sto pensando/ credendo

stai pensando/ credendo

sta pensando/ credendo

stiamo pensando/ credendo

state pensando/ credendo

stanno pensando/ credendo

stavo pensando/ credendo

stavi pensando/ credendo

stava pensando/ credendo

stavamo pensando/ credendo

stavate pensando/ credendo

stavano pensando/ credendo

star pensando/ credendo

starai pensando/ credendo

star pensando/ credendo

staremo pensando/ credendo

starete pensando/ credendo

staranno pensando/ credendo

Che cosa stavi pensando? non stavo pensando.(what were you thinking? I wasnt thinking)


60/69

60

There are however some rare cases where the gerund is irregular like: dire (dicendo), fare (facendo), porre (ponendo), tradurre(traducendo).

Che cosa stai facendo? Sto credendo (what are you doing? Im thinking).

Italian Imperative

Its easy to form the imperative especially with tu and Lei, you just need to switch them in the case of (~are) verbs, fo r example inthe present tense we say:

tu parli informal of (you speak) and (Lei parla) formal of (you speak), in the imperative you just need to switch them.

parla! means speak! informal, parli! means speak! formal.

For (~ere, ~ire) the affirmative second person singular is identical to the second person singular form of the present tense.

For all conjugations (are/ere/ire), the second person plural (voi) is identical to the second person plural form of the present tense.

Check out the table below, it will explain it all:

Italian Imperativeparlare vendere aprire finire


61/69

61

tu

Lei

noi

voi

parla

parli

parliamo

parlate

vendi

venda

vendiamo

vendete

apri

apra

apriamo

aprite

finisci

finisca

finiamo

finite

Negative commands are usually expressed in Italian with non followed by the infinitive verb. For example:

Don't eat! (non mangiare!)

No smoking! (non fumare!)

Adverbs in Italian (avverbi)

An adjective can be made into an adverb by simply adding -mente to the adjective example: veloce "quick" becomes velocemente"quickly.

There are exceptions that are easy to understand:

Adding mente to adjectives that theirfeminine singularis ending with a, example: lenta "slow" becomes lentamente "slowly".

If an adjective ends in -ale, -ile, or -are, the adverb is formed with the root of the adjective plus the ending -mente.


62/69

62

Italian AdverbsAdjectives (general) Adjective (feminine) Adverbveloce

lento

gentile

facile

speciale

veloce

lenta

gentile

facile

speciale

velocemente (quickly)

lentamente (slowly)

gentilmente (kindly)

facilmente (easily)

specialmente (specially)

The table below contains adverbs that dont come from adjectives; theyre used very often so try to memorize them.

List of Italian AdverbsAbove: sopra

Against: contro

Already: giAlways: sempre

Around: attorno

Badly: male

Behind: dietro

Beyond: oltre

in, inside: dentroMoreover: inoltre

Nearby: vicino

Outside: fuori

Soon: presto

Still: ancora

Then: dopoTogether: insieme

Below: sotto

Well: bene


63/69

63

This is a list of some very important verbs in Italian:

Italian Expressionsto abandon oneself abbandonarsito accept accettareto admit ammettereto affirm affermareto agree convenireto agree accondiscndere

to announce annunciareto apply oneself to mttersito appreciate gradireto ask chiedereto ask domandareto aspire aspirareto assure assicurareto attempt tentareto avoid evitareto avoid tralasciareto be able to essere in gradoto be able to, can potereto be about accngersito be ashamed averevergognato be ashamed of vergognarsito be concerned with occuparsi


64/69

64

to be eager for anelareto be exhausted non poterne pito be happy essere lietoto be happy essere contentoto be happy essere feliceto be in a hurry avere frettato be in the position of essere nella posizioneto be interested in interessarsito be late tardareto be on the point of avviarsito be proud essere fieroto be saddened dispiacersito be sorry dolersi

to begin iniziareto believe credereto believe ritenereto carry on proseguireto come venireto communicate comunicareto compel obbligareto complain lamentarsito condemn condannare

to confess confessareto confirm confermareto consent acconsentireto continue continuareto convince persuadereto dare osareto dare arrischiarsi


65/69

65

to decide decidereto decide decdersito declare dichiarareto defend sostenereto delude oneself illudersito demonstrate dimostrareto devote oneself darsito do one's best ingegnarsito doubt dubitareto dream sognareto encourage incoraggiareto encourage incoraggiareto end by finire

to establish stabilireto exclude escludereto expect aspettarsito fantasize fantasticareto fantasize fantasticareto fear avere paurato feel avere l'impressioneto feel like sentirselato force costrngere

to force obbligareto forget dimenticareto forget about something lasciar perdereto get ready apprestarsito get ready disprsito get tired of something stancarsito get tired of stancarsi


66/69

66

to get used to abituarsito go andareto go back tornareto go on seguitareto guess indovinareto have a good time divertirsito have difficulty stentareto have in mind ripromettersito have the right avere il dirittoto have to dovereto hazard azzardareto hazard azzardarsito help aiutare

to hint accennareto hope augurarsito hope sperareto hurry up affrettarsito hurry up sbrigarsito ignore ignorareto inform informareto insist insstereto intend avere intenzione

to intend intendereto invite invitareto invite invitareto know sapereto know sapereto learn apprndereto learn imparare


67/69

67

to limit oneself limitarsito long for ambireto love amareto narrate narrareto need avere bisognoto need, to feel like avere vogliato negate negareto neglect trascurareto oblige costrngereto offer offrireto pass passareto persist ostinarsito persist persstere

to plan proporsito prefer preferireto prepare oneself acconciarsito prepare oneself prepararsito pretend fingereto promise promettereto propose proporreto realize accrgersito realize rendersi conto

to recognize riconoscereto refuse rifiutarsito regret pentirsito regret rimpiangereto remember ricordareto remember ricordarsito renounce rinunciare


68/69

68

to repeat ripetereto report riferireto resign oneself rassegnarsito risk rischiareto run crrereto say direto scream spolmonarsito send mandareto start attaccareto start cominciareto start incominciareto start prndereto start over riprndere

to stay stareto stop smettereto stop cessareto stop smettereto stop fermarsito stop, to end finireto succeed riuscireto suffer soffrireto suppose supporre

to suspect sospettareto swear giurareto tell raccontareto tend tndereto thank ringraziareto think pensareto think avere idea


69/69

to think of pensareto threaten minacciareto to be a question of trattarsito try cercareto try provareto try provarsito understand capireto undertake intraprndereto value, to care tenrcito wait attendereto wait aspettareto want volereto wish desiderare

to wonder meravigliarsito wonder stupirsito worry preoccuparsito yearn for agognare

Italianlevel One

Documents

Transcript of Italianlevel One