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ENVIRONMENTAL URBANISMCultural heritage and Digital Aided Social Planning
(programmazione digitale assistita):
A European Experience
ENVIRONMENTAL URBANISMCultural heritage and Digital Aided Social Planning
(programmazione digitale assistita):
A European Experience
FUNDAMENTALS • COMMUNITY• ENVIRONMENTAL
FRAMEWORK (struttura ambientale)
(digital framework)• TRANSPORTATION• OPEN SPACE• RENEWABLES (plug and play)- (collega
e usa)• SPATIAL ASPECTS
(aspetti spaziali)
• COMMUNITY• ENVIRONMENTAL
FRAMEWORK (struttura ambientale)
(digital framework)• TRANSPORTATION• OPEN SPACE• RENEWABLES (plug and play)- (collega
e usa)• SPATIAL ASPECTS
(aspetti spaziali)
• SYNERGISTIC ROLEIN THE COMMUNITY (il ruolo sinergetico nella comunità)Culturally rich Infrastructure
Holistic thinking – Environmental Science
– Economics “The real price”
– Public policy (politica pubblica)Agriculture forestry: settore agricoltura e selvicoltura
• SYNERGISTIC ROLEIN THE COMMUNITY (il ruolo sinergetico nella comunità)Culturally rich Infrastructure
Holistic thinking – Environmental Science
– Economics “The real price”
– Public policy (politica pubblica)Agriculture forestry: settore agricoltura e selvicoltura
• COMMUNITY
SPRAYBOGENGerman federal government complex competition winner
• IDEA SOCIETIESState of the art
• IDEA SOCIETIESState of the art
• INNOVATIVE
OUTCOMEs (risultati innovativi)
• Environmental vs. Spatial structure
EducationIndustrial sector
• INNOVATIVE OUTCOMEs (risultati innovativi)
• Environmental vs. Spatial structure
EducationIndustrial sector
UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH Mathematics building
• SIMPLIFY UNDERSTANDING
(semplificare il procedimento)
• SIMPLIFY UNDERSTANDING
(semplificare il procedimento)
Per Capita Per Capita Energy Energy ConsumptionConsumption7794/4203/7794/4203/30003000 kgoekgoe
Per Capita Per Capita WasteWaste760/540/760/540/460460 kg kg
Per Capita Per Capita Roadway Roadway (infrastrutture (infrastrutture stradali)stradali)5730/910 sf5730/910 sf
Per Capita Per Capita Green HouseGreen HouseGasses (effetto Gasses (effetto serra)serra)23.5/11.9/23.5/11.9/9.89.8 mt mt
Reduction in Reduction in Green HouseGreen HouseGassesGassesFrom 1990From 1990+7%/-21%/+7%/-21%/+5%+5%
Percentage of Percentage of renewable renewable energy energy productionproduction10%/14%10%/14%
Maintaining Quality of life - reducing the environmental footprintLand areas required for equal densityMaintaining Quality of life - reducing the environmental footprintLand areas required for equal density
• Monte Carlo 17,120 Isk• Masdar 15,000 Isk• New York City 10,617 Isk• Cambridge Mass 6,340 Isk• Rome 2,150 Isk• New York Urban 2,090 Isk• Boston 1,990 Isk
• Monte Carlo 17,120 Isk• Masdar 15,000 Isk• New York City 10,617 Isk• Cambridge Mass 6,340 Isk• Rome 2,150 Isk• New York Urban 2,090 Isk• Boston 1,990 Isk
Chicago 4,850 Isk Monte Carlo 17.200 Isk Munich 4,400 Isk
Chicago 4,850 Isk Monte Carlo 17.200 Isk Munich 4,400 Isk
• Monaco 16,900 Isk• Germany 235 Isk• Italy 201 Isk• China 140 Isk• USA 32 Isk
•
• Monaco 16,900 Isk• Germany 235 Isk• Italy 201 Isk• China 140 Isk• USA 32 Isk
•
• BEAUTIFUL PLACE TO LIVE
• BEAUTIFUL PLACE TO LIVE
• ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK
Digital Framework• Transportation• Opens space and
Pedestrian networks
• Renewables– Energy– Water – Waste– Digital
• Community spatial structure/culture
• ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK
Digital Framework• Transportation• Opens space and
Pedestrian networks
• Renewables– Energy– Water – Waste– Digital
• Community spatial structure/culture
TRANSPORTATIONIntegrated Multi-model Systems
HIGH SPEED RAIL
• RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) • Deutsche Bundesbahn
development strategy
• BERLIN “a rail city”, Big Dig(grande scavo- progetto di tunnel sotto il suolo) multimodal interconnected
TRANSPORTATIONIntegrated Multi-model Systems
HIGH SPEED RAIL
• RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) • Deutsche Bundesbahn
development strategy
• BERLIN “a rail city”, Big Dig(grande scavo- progetto di tunnel sotto il suolo) multimodal interconnected
TRANSIT SYSTEMS• ITS Intelligent Transportation
Systems• Building for the future
– right decisions – examples to look at
• Quality of life Benefits
Removal of Impediments (barriere architettoniche)
• Maintained right of way (mantenere la precedenza)
• Population concentration
TRANSIT SYSTEMS• ITS Intelligent Transportation
Systems• Building for the future
– right decisions – examples to look at
• Quality of life Benefits
Removal of Impediments (barriere architettoniche)
• Maintained right of way (mantenere la precedenza)
• Population concentration
ChemnitzChemnitz
University of MunichUniversity of Munich
Wuppertal monorail 1890’sWuppertal monorail 1890’s
ROADWAY SYSTEMS• ITS (Intelligent transportation
system) Control Systems
• Roadway layout software (software per la disposizione stradale)
• Impact of fluid dynamics.– Pollution, noise, barrier
• Where there is a problem there is an industry
Benefit to small communitiesA 96 Autobahn
Eching am Ammersee
Etterschlag
RING ROADS• ITS sustainable system
– Phased construction (Costruzione a fasi)
– Capacity increases/conversion (Espansioni di capacità/converzioni)
• Mitigating the substantial impacts– Tangential highways – At grade or below in cities (a
livello 0 o subterreno nelle città)
– Elevated and tunnels in the natural environment
– Land use restricted at interchanges (restrizioni allo sfruttamento del terreno presso gli intercambi o uscite stradali)
MUNICH BIG DIGTunnel segments initiated by a surprise yes vote in a public referendum
ARTERIAL COLLECTOR • Character / efficiency /
Rotary• Multi Purpose / mitigating
impacts – Barcelona Spain
ARTERIAL COLLECTOR • Character / efficiency /
Rotary• Multi Purpose / mitigating
impacts – Barcelona Spain
LOCALITS for pedestrians and
bicyclist/GPS (privacy)• Complete Closure
(Riservatezza completa)
• Local traffic only
• Zone commiserate with use (zona calibrate all’uso)
• Traffic Calming
– Amsterdam, Netherlands
LOCALITS for pedestrians and
bicyclist/GPS (privacy)• Complete Closure
(Riservatezza completa)
• Local traffic only
• Zone commiserate with use (zona calibrate all’uso)
• Traffic Calming
– Amsterdam, Netherlands
LOCAL• Cultural infrastructure
• Minimum standards
area dedicated to pedestrian-bicycle.
• Traffic Calming
– Bohmte, Germany
LOCAL• Cultural infrastructure
• Minimum standards
area dedicated to pedestrian-bicycle.
• Traffic Calming
– Bohmte, Germany
•
PARKING• Parking strategy/policy
ITS/Phone APP/Automation (Applicazione- automazione telefonia)
• Minimum standards -Innovation at the level of the single family house
• Integral part of tourist industry
PARKING• Parking strategy/policy
ITS/Phone APP/Automation (Applicazione- automazione telefonia)
• Minimum standards -Innovation at the level of the single family house
• Integral part of tourist industry
LOGISTICS• Rich in digital systems/ GPS/ITS
• Percent of traffic
– 500,000 trucks a day
– Increase of 68% 2025
• Innovative ideas
Completion of the Swiss
Gotthard tunnel
36K(151K) /155mph (miles per hour)/4000t
• $10 Billion
• 200-250 trains a day
• 1996 Begin $1300 per person
LOGISTICS• Rich in digital systems/ GPS/ITS
• Percent of traffic
– 500,000 trucks a day
– Increase of 68% 2025
• Innovative ideas
Completion of the Swiss
Gotthard tunnel
36K(151K) /155mph (miles per hour)/4000t
• $10 Billion
• 200-250 trains a day
• 1996 Begin $1300 per person
OPENSPACERich in digital systems/GIS (Geographic Information System –
Sistema di informazione geografica)/Hydrology/Fluid Dynamics
• Natural environments to • intimate pedestrian spaces • Integrated system:
– Wildlife reserve – Forest/open space– Agriculture/Recreation– Urban spaces
• Pedestrian zone• Ecological urbanism• Environmental urbanism• Agricultural urbanism• Energy Urbanism• Landscape urbanism
OPENSPACERich in digital systems/GIS (Geographic Information System –
Sistema di informazione geografica)/Hydrology/Fluid Dynamics
• Natural environments to • intimate pedestrian spaces • Integrated system:
– Wildlife reserve – Forest/open space– Agriculture/Recreation– Urban spaces
• Pedestrian zone• Ecological urbanism• Environmental urbanism• Agricultural urbanism• Energy Urbanism• Landscape urbanism
Large public reserves• Reserve and wildlife
management• Agriculture close to Villages
– Financial benefit to the local farmers,
– Potential combination with logistics ?
– Blurred lines/ kleingarten
Large public reserves• Reserve and wildlife
management• Agriculture close to Villages
– Financial benefit to the local farmers,
– Potential combination with logistics ?
– Blurred lines/ kleingarten
FussgangerzonaPedestrian Zones
GPS/ITS• Virtually all German cities and
numerous, Austrian, Italian, and Scandinavian, cities have created pedestrian zones,
• integrated with dedicated bicycling routes
• Seamless(connessioni senza punti di giuntura) connections to the larger open space system
FussgangerzonaPedestrian Zones
GPS/ITS• Virtually all German cities and
numerous, Austrian, Italian, and Scandinavian, cities have created pedestrian zones,
• integrated with dedicated bicycling routes
• Seamless(connessioni senza punti di giuntura) connections to the larger open space system
• Munich 7 miles of pedestrian streets• Stuttgart 9 miles of pedestrian
streets
WaterRich in digital systems
• Cultural Amenity (Strutture culturali)• Interaction with nature
• Managed resource• Large and small natural
systems– Open systems– Closed systems
• Human effects – Runoff/control– Waste/utilize
• Gray water• Brown water
–Compost
Unique infrastructure Historic/Cultural
• Integral part of the urban framework– Balance between hard and soft
• Environmental value• Economic value
Munich, Hamburg,Wolfratshausen, FreiburgRavensburg, Magdeburg
Saarburg
Unique infrastructure Historic/Cultural
• Integral part of the urban framework– Balance between hard and soft
• Environmental value• Economic value
Munich, Hamburg,Wolfratshausen, FreiburgRavensburg, Magdeburg
Saarburg
Surfing MunichSurfing Munich
Trogbruke MagdeburgTrogbruke Magdeburg
Cherry creek Denver Colorado ConsiliumCherry creek Denver Colorado Consilium
Storm water/Runoff(Deflusso superficiale delle acque piovane)
Integrated with building mechanical systems
– managed – Ecological balance– Cultural story
Storm water/Runoff(Deflusso superficiale delle acque piovane)
Integrated with building mechanical systems
– managed – Ecological balance– Cultural story
WasteRich in digital systems
– Quality input =quality output– Ecological balance– Cultural story
– Ecosan– Extensive international
projects and bibliography
WasteRich in digital systems
– Quality input =quality output– Ecological balance– Cultural story
– Ecosan– Extensive international
projects and bibliography
RENEWABLES
UTILITIESPLUG AND PLAY
Hydro
Solar
geothermal
biomass
wind
phasing out of
fossil fuels ( Arresto graduale dei combustibili fossili)
RENEWABLES
UTILITIESPLUG AND PLAY
Hydro
Solar
geothermal
biomass
wind
phasing out of
fossil fuels ( Arresto graduale dei combustibili fossili)
• PASSIVE SYSTEMS• ACTIVE SYSTEMS
– Conservation– Production – Energy Audit (controllo energetico)
• Identify renewables• Solar access/orientation
Availability anddistribution of digitalinformation, User friendlyCommunity participation and coordinationHow to weigh the myriad ofpossibilities without undueexpense (come valutare le numerose
possibilità senza affrontare spese inutili)
– Open space reintegration• Greening of the city
– Roof and ground plane (piano cielo/terra)• Contextual natural system enhancement
(miglioramento nel contesto del sistema ambientale)
– Open space archeology
• PASSIVE SYSTEMS• ACTIVE SYSTEMS
– Conservation– Production – Energy Audit (controllo energetico)
• Identify renewables• Solar access/orientation
Availability anddistribution of digitalinformation, User friendlyCommunity participation and coordinationHow to weigh the myriad ofpossibilities without undueexpense (come valutare le numerose
possibilità senza affrontare spese inutili)
– Open space reintegration• Greening of the city
– Roof and ground plane (piano cielo/terra)• Contextual natural system enhancement
(miglioramento nel contesto del sistema ambientale)
– Open space archeology
• Solar Access/ Solar orientation
• Placing a building’s long face on an east-west axis with a large percentage of its windows on the south side can reduce fuel consumption by up to 25%. Buildings realize even greater energy savings by integrating other passive solar design elements, such as light colored walls, increased insulation (aumento dell’isolante), and night ventilation
(triple pane double low-e glazing: vetri doppi e tripli.
(heat recovery: recupero del calore)
• Appropriate development volumes vertically and horizontally
• construction technologies– New wooden windows/ heat
protection glass
– Central heating (calorific value technology) with water heating
more than 1 unit.
– Decentralized ventilation with
heat recovery
– Solar thermal for service water
– Insulate roof, ceilings, including basement, common walls Isovar .35
– Court walls externally Neopor .35
– Street façade internally
• ACTIVE SYSTEMS– Production= sustainable
inputs– Wind, solar, Hydro,
Geothermal, Bio fuel– Technology intensive
• ACTIVE SYSTEMS– Production= sustainable
inputs– Wind, solar, Hydro,
Geothermal, Bio fuel– Technology intensive
MauenheimMauenheim
..
• Active/ FacadesPassive techniques in buildings
• Active/ FacadesPassive techniques in buildings
Spectrum of equipment (spettro dell’apparecchiatura)
Energy Crops (colture energetiche) for Biogas
Market Size Estimate
Solar and Geothermal Energy
Combined Heat and Power (mbt-ad: Mechanical biological treatment coupled with anaerobic
digestion-
Solar Highway• 16,000 panels 2.8 MW solar array
(griglia, rete) on the roof of a tunnel covering part of German A3 autobahn. Aschaffenburg
• 2.7 km of the tunnel roof.
16,000 panels 2.8 MW solar array on the roof of a tunnel covering part of German A3 autobahn. Aschaffenburg
2.7 km of the tunnel roof.
16,000 panels 2.8 MW solar array on the roof of a tunnel covering part of German A3 autobahn. Aschaffenburg
2.7 km of the tunnel roof.
LAND USE FUNDAMENTALSLAND USE FUNDAMENTALS
• Polycentric Evolution• Integrated transportation system• Integrated open space system
– Greening of the city– Energy /agriculture reserve
– Interstitial space
• Compact sustainable Growth Centers – City Centers– Urban Villages
Form based zoning
Density
• Polycentric Evolution• Integrated transportation system• Integrated open space system
– Greening of the city– Energy /agriculture reserve
– Interstitial space
• Compact sustainable Growth Centers – City Centers– Urban Villages
Form based zoning
Density
BerlinBerlin
NuremburgNuremburg
StuttgartStuttgart
MunichMunich
METROPOLITAN REGION CENTER CITY
polycentric system
Perspective Munich • Infill development (sviluppo
riempimento)
– Urban growth districts
• Scale of city / livability/Exurban Villages
– Population density
– 11,500 ISM• 5.2 million metro region
METROPOLITAN REGION CENTER CITY
polycentric system
Perspective Munich • Infill development (sviluppo
riempimento)
– Urban growth districts
• Scale of city / livability/Exurban Villages
– Population density
– 11,500 ISM• 5.2 million metro region
HalptbahnhofHalptbahnhof
ReimReim
PERSPECTIVE MUNICH Riem• 2.146 square miles
• 1/3-1/3-1/3, 3 part solution
• 17,000 residents / 8000 Ism
• 13,000 jobs, industry or business
• 185 ha (457 acre) park
• 6 ha PV array on exhibition hall roof
• Idea , realization and national garden show competition
PERSPECTIVE MUNICH Riem• 2.146 square miles
• 1/3-1/3-1/3, 3 part solution
• 17,000 residents / 8000 Ism
• 13,000 jobs, industry or business
• 185 ha (457 acre) park
• 6 ha PV array on exhibition hall roof
• Idea , realization and national garden show competition
WOLFRATSHAUSEN –MUNICH
Urban-Exurban model relationship
Urban growth boundaries (limiti)
Kernel for sustainability
9.8 square kilometer
17,400 inhabitants
1,780 Ism density
Landkreis 115,000- 745 Isk
Munich Sbahn
Isar Loisach wildlife reserve
WOLFRATSHAUSEN –MUNICH
Urban-Exurban model relationship
Urban growth boundaries (limiti)
Kernel for sustainability
9.8 square kilometer
17,400 inhabitants
1,780 Ism density
Landkreis 115,000- 745 Isk
Munich Sbahn
Isar Loisach wildlife reserve
Munich 11,500 Ism
Pullach 3,046 Ism
Grunwald 120 Ism
Buchenheim 500 Ism
Baierbrunn 999 Ism
Schaftlarn 845 Ism
Icking 549 Ism
Wolfratshausen 4,943 Ism
Total population along the corridor 50,000
Average density 1,570 Ism
NEW DIRECTIONSNEW DIRECTIONS
• Sustainability/livability quality of life
• Scientific understanding
• Sustainability/livability quality of life
• Scientific understanding
Pedestrian Bridge Amsterdam Borneo
• Ruhrgebiet • continuous open space
– Unique Brown field reuse within the most densely populated area of Germany
– UNESCO World Heritage Site
– Cultural infrastructure
Highline railway
• Ruhrgebiet • continuous open space
– Unique Brown field reuse within the most densely populated area of Germany
– UNESCO World Heritage Site
– Cultural infrastructure
Highline railway
FREIBURG REGION
Solar region / Post Carbon
• Total community commitment
Power supply paradigm shift.
• Area 59 sm
• Pop – 217,500
• Density- 3,681 Ism
FREIBURG REGION
Solar region / Post Carbon
• Total community commitment
Power supply paradigm shift.
• Area 59 sm
• Pop – 217,500
• Density- 3,681 Ism
• FREIBURG VAUBANFREIBURG VAUBAN– Energy AuditEnergy Audit
• Hamburg– Brown field development– .6 sq miles/40% center city
enlargement– 12,000residents/45,000jobs– 20,000 ISM 3.4-5.2 FAR– Sustainable city
• 2011 European Green capital• 2013 City of the future
– Renewables• New urban typology 8 m above sea
level• Embankments (terrapieni, arginamenti,
rialzate) at 4.5 meters 22% open space• Car/ parking restrictions/sharing• Rapid Transit/subway-bus system• Community bicycles/70% of pathways
auto separated • 700 architects/DGNB/Ecolabel• Passive House requirements• 100 KWH per sq. m. for commercial • Local energy supply network/District
heating• Woody (biomassa legnosa) biomass/bio
methane- fuel cell/heat pump (pompa di calore)
UBERLINGEN2-CHP Open space goals• Area 58 sm• Pop-21,345,• Density- 942 psm• Salem International school
MAUENHEIM• The First Bio-Energy village of
Baden-Württemberg– 100 % Electrical and hot water
needs for local homes and businesses
– Utilizing energy agriculture (crops)– Net energy producer
UBERLINGEN2-CHP Open space goals• Area 58 sm• Pop-21,345,• Density- 942 psm• Salem International school
MAUENHEIM• The First Bio-Energy village of
Baden-Württemberg– 100 % Electrical and hot water
needs for local homes and businesses
– Utilizing energy agriculture (crops)– Net energy producer
• Masdar– Zero carbon-zero waste– 2.16 sq. miles– 90,000 inhabitants– 41,600 ISM– Renewables
• Flexible system• Photo voltaic• Waste-segregated-recycled• Surrounding plantations• Car free• Transit/PV PRT (• Urban shade fabric (fabbricati
per zone ombreggiate urbane)
CONCLUSION
A framework for sustainability
• Innovation with the fundamentals– Transportation– Open space
• Land Use– New ecological paradigm
Energy agriculture
Renewed connection to exurbia (spazi extraurbani)
A framework for sustainability
• Innovation with the fundamentals– Transportation– Open space
• Land Use– New ecological paradigm
Energy agriculture
Renewed connection to exurbia (spazi extraurbani)
Bridgeport harbor (porto) tunnel proposal
Consilium 2010
• Bangalore– NANDI sustainable community
– .67 sq. miles
– 16,205 inhabitants/3448 units
– 24,000 ISM/12 msf comm
– Renewables• 136 ac 28% open space
• Urban agriculture• Water
• Clear 1.8 m/g/d• Waste 1.4 m/g/d• Solid 42 k/g/d on site
treatment/recycling• 14 schools• 1 college• Car free within ring road NANDI Bangalore India Consilium 2010
• Los Alamos, New Mexico– NANDI sustainable community
– .67 sq. miles
– 16,205 inhabitants/3448 units
– 24,000 ISM/12 msf comm
– Renewables• 136 ac 28% open space
• Urban agriculture• Water
• Clear 1.8 m/g/d• Waste 1.4 m/g/d• Solid 42 k/g/d on site
treatment/recycling• 14 schools• 1 college• Car free within ring road NANDI Bangalore India Consilium 2010
• Pawtucket, Rhode Island– . 25 sq. kilometers
– 1,500 inhabitants/930 units
– 6,000 ISM/500,000 sm comm
– Renewables• 10 ac 30% open space
• Urban agriculture• Water
• Clear . 65 m/l/d• Waste .48 m/l/d• Solid 42 k/g/d on site
treatment/recycling• 1 schools• Car free within ring road
Seattle SR 99 Alaskan Way
“Data can make the wrong decision”
US pedestrian ZonesDenverBoulderVail AspenCentral City
Cultural infrastructure• Integral part of the urban framework
– Balance between hard and soft
• Environmental value• Economic value
Cultural infrastructure• Integral part of the urban framework
– Balance between hard and soft
• Environmental value• Economic value Bachle FreiburgBachle Freiburg
HamburgHamburg
• PASSIVE SYSTEMS
– Conservation • To reduce inputs
– Energy Audit• Identify renewables• Solar access/orientation
– Open space reintegration• Greening of the city
– Roof and ground plane
• Contextual natural system enhancement
– Open space archeology
• PASSIVE SYSTEMS– Conservation
• To reduce inputs
– Energy Audit• Identify renewables• Solar access/orientation
– Open space reintegration• Greening of the city
– Roof and ground plane
• Contextual natural system enhancement
– Open space archeology
Geo thermalVienna Austria
Sherman replacement hospital • Elgin Illinois geo thermal Lake• Bundespost
Robert M Karn 2008In association with SBRA Architects